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61 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are the parts of the Anterior Cranial Fossa?
-Frontal Lobe
-Crista Galli (attachment for falx cerebri)
-Cribriform plates
Where is the temporal lobes, optic canal, hypophyseal fossa, superior orbital fissue.
In the Middle Cranial Fossa
What nerves go through the superior orbital fissure?
Oculomotor, Aubducens, Trochlear, and opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve.
What goes through the foramen rotundum?
Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve)
What goes through the foramen ovale?
Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
What goes through the foramen lacerum
Internal carotid artery
What goes through the foramen spinosum?
Middle meningeal artery (get damage with head trauma)
What is in the posterior cranial fossa?
Brain stem and cerebellum
Foramen Magnum
Hypoglossal canal
Jugular foramen
Internal auditory meatus
What goes through the foramen magnum?
Medulla, Vertebral arteries, accessory nerve
What goes through the hypoglossal canal?
hypoglossal nerve
What goes through the jugular foramen?
Internal jugular, glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory n.
What goes through the internal auditory meatus?
Facial and Vestibulocochlear n.
Dura Mater is made up of what?
Dura: tough fibrous layer
-Falx Cerebri
-Tentorium cerebelli
What is the major accumulation of venous blood in the skull?
Dura Mater
What is the horizontal shelf that lies between the inferior portion of the posterior cerebrum and the posterior portion of the cerebellum?
Tentorium cerebelli
What adheres to crista gali and tentorium cerebelli and is the interhemispheric fissure?
Falx Cerebri
What is a soft translucent membrane that separated from the dura by a narrow subdural space?
Arachnoid Mater
Where is most of the CSF?
The subarachnoid space
What is microscopically thin, delicate, and highly vascular?
Pia mater
What adheres closely to the surface of the brain?
Pia Mater
Dural Sinuses
Formed by the two layers of dura mater where venous blood flows through (drains into internal jugular vein)
Describe a intracerebral hematoma?
Bleeding into the brain as a result of trauma/contusion/tearing
Describe Epidural (extradural) Hematoma
Tearing of the middle meningeal artery
Causes increased intracranial pressure
Requires neurosurgical intervention
Describe Subdural Hematoma
Tearing of the veins in the subdural space
May be rapid or slow developing
What are the two types of Meningitis
Viral or Bacterial
Viral meningitis
normally mild and self limiting
Symptoms of meningitis
headache, photophobia, vomiting, febrile (high body temperature), purulent, neck stiffness
What is the main symptom of meningitis?
neck stiffness
How does meningitis cause death?
Increased intracranial pressure and brain displacement.
Displacement of the falx cerebri indicates what?
Severe Injury
The ventricular system is derived from what?
The lumen of the embryonic neural tube
What are the 4 main ventricles in the brain?
Lateral ventricles (2)
3rd ventricle
4th Ventricle
Where is the 4th ventricle?
Dorsal surface of the brain stem just anterior to the cerebellum
What comes off the 4th ventricle
Lateral aperture
Median aperture
Cerebral aqueduct (junction to 3rd ventricle)
What forms the walls of the 3rd ventricle?
the diencephalon
What are the 4 parts of the lateral ventricle? and what makes the roof?
Anterior horn (frontal)
Body
Posterior horn (occipital)
Inferior Horn (temporal)
Roof: corpus callosum
What separates the lateral ventricles of the brain?
Septum pellucidum
What is CSF produced by?
The chroid plexus located in the lateral, 3rd, and 4th ventricle
How much CSF is formed per day?
150 ml (enough to fill ventricles several times a day)
What does the venous blood enter through into the superior sagittal sinus?
though the arachnoid granulations (villi)
What does the blood in the CFS lead to?
Sub-arachnoid hematoma
What are arachnoid granulations?
Portions of the arachnoid membrane which have invaginated into the dura?
(too much hydrostatic pressure pushes the CSF out)
Describe the flow of CSF?
lateral ventricle through the interventricular foramen to the 3rd ventricle to the cerebral aqueduct to the 4th aqueduct, through the lateral and median apertures to the subarachnoid space (circulating superiorly to the arachnoid granualtions) to venous drainage.
What is a spinal tap?
CSF examination around L3-L4 or L4-L5 interspaces (less likely to spinal cord)
What does a spinal tap potentially indicate?
Suspected infection, diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage, chemical and immunologic profiles to aid in the diagnosis of disorders, cytologic examination when carcinomatous meningitis is suspected
CSF examination Contraindications
Increased intracranial pressure or intracranial mass
Suspected infections at the site of lumbar puncture
Coagulation disorders
What is the manometric pressure?
Pressure sensitive gage
Neurons commence to dies within what?
5 minutes of cardiac arrest
What is it about the brains utilization?
Comprises 2% of body weight but utilizes about 20% of the inspired oxygen and receives about 20% of the cardiac output
What is the main posterior arterial supply?
2 vertebral arteries (from the subclavian arteries) from the foramen magnum
What is the main anterior arterial supply?
2 Internal carotid arteries
Internal carotid arteries
anastomoses of basilar artery and internal carotids to form the circle of willus
What are the 3 main branches of the circle of willis
Anterior Cerebral Artery
Middle Cerebral Artery
Posterior Cerebral Artery
What do the small branches of the circle of willis supply?
Supply the midbrain, the basal ganglia, and the thalami
Anterior Cerebral Artery
Supply the medial surface of the frontal and parietal lobes
What does the anterior cerebral artery supply
the motor and sensory cortices for the lower extremities
Middle Cerebral artery
Most common for strokes, BP, hemorrhages
-Largest
What does the middle cerebral artery supply?
virtually the whole lateral surfaces of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobe
Posterior Cerebral Artery
Primarily from the vertebral arteries
What supplies the occipital lobes (visual cortex) and the inferomedial (memory region) aspect of the temporal lobes
Posterior Cerebral Artery
What is the primary motor and sensory cortices for the whole body except the LE
Middle cerebral artery