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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Superior cerebellar peduncle |
cerebellar output
where tract crosses |
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middle and inferior cerebellar peduncle |
cerebellar input |
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cuneocerebellar tract |
arm propreoception
arm interneurons
inferior cerebellar peduncle
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dorsal spinocerebellar tract |
leg propreoception
leg interneurons
inferior cerebellar peduncle |
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middle peduncle receives info from... |
cerebral cortex |
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purkinje cells |
where ALL cerebellar input goes |
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inputs to cerebellum |
-cerebral cortex -inferior olive -spinal cord -vestibular nucleus |
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lateral hemisphere |
deep nuclei= dentate (projects to red N.)
plans output
target= superior peduncle |
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intermediate hemisphere |
deep nuclei= interposed
motor manipulation (planning)
target= superior peduncle |
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vermis |
deep nuclei= fastigial + vestibular
head/core/balance
target= superior + inferior peduncle
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vermis + flocculonodular lobe |
deep nuclei= vestibular
target= MLF
eye movement
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how many times does the cerebellar output cross? |
twice
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cerebellar gait deficit |
ataxia |
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magnocellular red nucleus |
crosses at ventral tegmental decussation
makes movement |
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parvocellular red nucleus |
plans movement |
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botzinger complex |
does breathing
in medulla |
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basal ganglia |
caudate nucleus putamen globus pallidus subthalamic nucleus substantia nigra - main motor output |
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striatum |
putamen + caudate nucleus
receives input
part of basal ganglia |
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parkinson's disease
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dopamine degeneration in the substantia nigra
hard to create movement |
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huntington's disease
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contralateral lesions in the subthalamic nucleus
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dopamine
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in substantia nigra pars compacta
released to striatum direct pathway = excitatory indirect pathway = inhibitory |
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basal ganglia indirect pathway
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cortex (E)->caudate(I)->GPi(I)->SubthalN(E)->GP/SN(I)->VA/VL of thalamus(E)->cortical motor area
movement inhibited |
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basal ganglia direct pathway
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cortex(E)->caudate(I)->GP/SN(I)->Thalamus(E)
movement excited "inhibition of inhibition" |
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Basal ganglia neurotransmitters
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Gaba=inhibitory
Glutamate=excitatory dopamine=(+/-) |
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basal ganglia neurons
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always a little bit active
release only 1 type of neurotransmitter always firing APs |
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occulomotor channel
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frontal eye fields>VA/MD of thal
basal nuclei input=caudate body basal nuclei output=GPinternal/SNp |
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limbic channel
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anterior cingulate>MD/VA of thal
basal nuclei input=nucleus accumbens basal nuclei output=GPinteral/SNp |
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motor channel
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premotor&primary motor cortex>VL/VA of thal
basal nuclei input=putamen basal nuclei output=GPinternal/SNp |
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prefrontal channel
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prefrontal cortex>VA/MD of thal
basal nuclei input=caudate head basal nuclei output=GPinternal/SNp |
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where does dopamine come from?
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cortex from substantia nigra pars compacta
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where does dopamine target?
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striatum
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output nuclei of the cerebellum
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globus pallidus internal and substantia nigra pars compacta
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hemiballismus
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contralateral lesion of the sub thal nucleus
arms and legs flail destruction of indirect pathway |
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huntington's
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striatum degeneration
indirect dies quicker = more movement |
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nucleus accumbens
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receives dopamine from the ventral tegmentum
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limbic system
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"reward feeling"
projects to nucleus accumbens when something good happens to you |
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hypothalamus
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master hormone regulator
regulates period, feelings, hormone regulation |
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pituitary
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hormone release regulation
receives info from hypothalamus skin + nervous system |
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Wernicke's area
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speech cognition
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Broca's speech area
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speech production
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anterior pituitary
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gland
needs stimulus- releasing or inhibiting factor from hypothalamus goes to bloodstream |
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posterior pituitary
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synapses into blood stream and releases neurotransmitters/hormones
oxytocin and vasopressin cell bodies located in PVN and SON |
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median eminance
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infundibulum and top capillary beds
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limbic system
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one lobe for each side-wraps around lateral ventricles
cingulate gyrus - emotion amygdala - memory (in front of hippocampus) hippocampus - sensory input |
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Suprachaismatic nucleus of the hypothalamus
(SCN) |
receives input from the retina
lets hypothalamus know if day or night |
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hippocampal circuit
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Entorhinal Cortex-dentate-CA3-CA1-subiculum
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CA
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part of hippocampus
"cornus ammons proper horn" |
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association cortices
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receive info from other cortices and process/decide body's action
-entorhinal -parahippocampal -perirhinal |
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hippocampus
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converts short-term to long-term
folds over on itself during development well connected to association cortices |
