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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Which structures in the Internal Capsule are concerned with efferent pathways?
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Anterior/Posterior Limb, Genu, Retrolenticular Regioins
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vintage
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Corticobulbar fibres are located close to the ______________ in the internal capsule.
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genu
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around the bend...
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Corticospinal fibres are located close to the ______________ in the internal capsule.
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Posterior Limb
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back leg
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What happens to the majority of efferent corticospinal motor axons at the pyramids?
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Decussation
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the fibres become contralateral
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Contralateral efferent fibres descend in the _______________________.
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Lateral Corticospinal Tract
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LCT
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The Posterior Limb is the _____________________ part of pathways in the Internal Capsule (core/accessory)
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CORE
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essentially...
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RUBROSPINAL
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extra-pyramidal pathways arising from the RED NUCLEUS
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lantern rouge
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TECTOSPINAL
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extra-pyramidal pathways arising from the SUPERIOR COLLICULUS
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high hills
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VESTIBULOSPINAL
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extra-pyramidal pathways arising from the VESTIBULAR NUCLEI
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sleeveless
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LATERAL CORTICOSPINAL neurones are __________________________.
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CONTRALATERAL
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iran was also
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VENTRAL CORTICOSPINAL neurones are __________________________.
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IPSILATERAL
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al mismo
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Upper motor neurones in the Lateral and Ventral Corticospinal Tracts synapse on Lower Motor Neurones in the ______________________ Ventral Grey Horn of the Spinal Cord.
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CONTRALATERAL
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don't complicate the issue.
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Enlargements of the cord in the _______________ & ___________________ regions are due to what?
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Cervical & Lumbar; more efferent axons to the limbs
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motorific
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Association Fibres
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fibres that connect the primary motor cortex to the pre-motor cortex within the same hemisphere.
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guilty by
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Projection Fibres
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fibres that connect the primary motor cortex to the spinal cord.
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its not you
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What is the principal blood supply to regions of primary motor cortex from which cortico-bulbar connections arise?
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lateral 1/3 of MIDDLE CEREBRAL
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which part of the middle
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What is the principal blood supply to regions of the primary motor cortex concerned with movements of the LOWER LIMBS?
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ANTERIOR CEREBRAL
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whatchu talkin bout, willis
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LENTIFORM NUCLEUS
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PUTAMEN + GLOBUS PALLIDUS
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as a single anatomical structure...
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Which Neurotransmitter is used by neurons located in the ______________________ of the SUBSTANTIA NIGRA?
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DOPAMINE
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pars compacta
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AKINESIA
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resting tremor
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_____, rattle, and roll
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PARKINSON'S DISEASE
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caused by loss of neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra.
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akinesia and
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In the BASAL GANGLIA, DIRECT PATHWAYS ____________________ movement
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FACILITATE
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hey!!!!
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In the BASAL GANGLIA, INDIRECT PATHWAYS ____________________ movement
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INHIBIT
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whoa.
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DOPAMINERGIC NEURONS from the substantia nigra ______________ neurons in the ___________________, and contribute to the ________________ pathway.
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excite
striatum direct |
cause and effect
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Striatal neurons contributing to the INDIRECT PATHWAY are ________________ by dopamine
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INHIBITED
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around the houses
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DYSKINESIA
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excessive, unwanted movements
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wild n crazy
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CHOREA
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abnormal movements
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weird
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HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE
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degeneration of striatal neurons contributing to the INDIRECT PATHWAY Leading to a loss of activity of neurons in the Globus Pallidus internal segment.
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degenerate
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Which region of the Primary Motor Cortex gives rise to upper motor neurons concerned with CORTICOSPINAL PROJECTIONS?
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MEDIAL PreMC
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stuck in the
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Which region of the Primary Motor Cortex gives rise to upper motor neurons concerned with CORTICO-BULBAR PROJECTIONS?
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LATERAL PreMC
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outside chance
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The PRE CENTRAL GYRUS is ______________________
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PIMARY MOTOR CORTEX
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vroom
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The ______________________ is not involved in the
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THALAMUS
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quail
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The motor axons leave the cortex via the _______________
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Internal Capsule
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liquid or tablets
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As the CORTICOSPINAL TRACT descends into the _________________, 75-95% of the fibres _______________, which go on to innervate the ______________.
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medulla, decussate, limbs.
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MDL
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The _________________ fibres don't decussate at the medulla.
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axial
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machete
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In a cross section of the medulla, the major decussation is evident as the "__________________"
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Pyramids
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egypt calling
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The Corticospinal Tract is AKA the __________________________
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Pyramidal Tract
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egyptian john deer
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Fibres of the Anterior Corticospinal Tract, which have not yet decussated at the pyramids, do so at the level at which they leave the spinal cord across the ___________________.
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Anterior White Commissure
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harken to the sensory arc
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Anterior Corticospinal fibres synapse onto cell bodies in the _________________________.
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Anterior Grey Horn
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dusty stag's pride
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Fibres of the ___________________ Corticospinal Tract have already decussated at the level of the _________________
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LATERAL; pyramids
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side
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At the level of exit, neurons from the CST do so by synapsing onto a neuron in the _____________________.
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anterior grey horn
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agh
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Upper Motor Neuron Lesions are those which affect neurons _______________________
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between the cortex and the first synapse in the anterior horn
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high
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Lower Motor Neuron Lesions are those which affect neurons _______________________
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anywhere between the Anterior Horn and the muscle terminus.
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ah
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