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43 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
  • 3rd side (hint)
Which structures in the Internal Capsule are concerned with efferent pathways?
Anterior/Posterior Limb, Genu, Retrolenticular Regioins
vintage
Corticobulbar fibres are located close to the ______________ in the internal capsule.
genu
around the bend...
Corticospinal fibres are located close to the ______________ in the internal capsule.
Posterior Limb
back leg
What happens to the majority of efferent corticospinal motor axons at the pyramids?
Decussation
the fibres become contralateral
Contralateral efferent fibres descend in the _______________________.
Lateral Corticospinal Tract
LCT
The Posterior Limb is the _____________________ part of pathways in the Internal Capsule (core/accessory)
CORE
essentially...
RUBROSPINAL
extra-pyramidal pathways arising from the RED NUCLEUS
lantern rouge
TECTOSPINAL
extra-pyramidal pathways arising from the SUPERIOR COLLICULUS
high hills
VESTIBULOSPINAL
extra-pyramidal pathways arising from the VESTIBULAR NUCLEI
sleeveless
LATERAL CORTICOSPINAL neurones are __________________________.
CONTRALATERAL
iran was also
VENTRAL CORTICOSPINAL neurones are __________________________.
IPSILATERAL
al mismo
Upper motor neurones in the Lateral and Ventral Corticospinal Tracts synapse on Lower Motor Neurones in the ______________________ Ventral Grey Horn of the Spinal Cord.
CONTRALATERAL
don't complicate the issue.
Enlargements of the cord in the _______________ & ___________________ regions are due to what?
Cervical & Lumbar; more efferent axons to the limbs
motorific
Association Fibres
fibres that connect the primary motor cortex to the pre-motor cortex within the same hemisphere.
guilty by
Projection Fibres
fibres that connect the primary motor cortex to the spinal cord.
its not you
What is the principal blood supply to regions of primary motor cortex from which cortico-bulbar connections arise?
lateral 1/3 of MIDDLE CEREBRAL
which part of the middle
What is the principal blood supply to regions of the primary motor cortex concerned with movements of the LOWER LIMBS?
ANTERIOR CEREBRAL
whatchu talkin bout, willis
LENTIFORM NUCLEUS
PUTAMEN + GLOBUS PALLIDUS
as a single anatomical structure...
Which Neurotransmitter is used by neurons located in the ______________________ of the SUBSTANTIA NIGRA?
DOPAMINE
pars compacta
AKINESIA
resting tremor
_____, rattle, and roll
PARKINSON'S DISEASE
caused by loss of neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra.
akinesia and
In the BASAL GANGLIA, DIRECT PATHWAYS ____________________ movement
FACILITATE
hey!!!!
In the BASAL GANGLIA, INDIRECT PATHWAYS ____________________ movement
INHIBIT
whoa.
DOPAMINERGIC NEURONS from the substantia nigra ______________ neurons in the ___________________, and contribute to the ________________ pathway.
excite
striatum
direct
cause and effect
Striatal neurons contributing to the INDIRECT PATHWAY are ________________ by dopamine
INHIBITED
around the houses
DYSKINESIA
excessive, unwanted movements
wild n crazy
CHOREA
abnormal movements
weird
HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE
degeneration of striatal neurons contributing to the INDIRECT PATHWAY Leading to a loss of activity of neurons in the Globus Pallidus internal segment.
degenerate
Which region of the Primary Motor Cortex gives rise to upper motor neurons concerned with CORTICOSPINAL PROJECTIONS?
MEDIAL PreMC
stuck in the
Which region of the Primary Motor Cortex gives rise to upper motor neurons concerned with CORTICO-BULBAR PROJECTIONS?
LATERAL PreMC
outside chance
The PRE CENTRAL GYRUS is ______________________
PIMARY MOTOR CORTEX
vroom
The ______________________ is not involved in the
THALAMUS
quail
The motor axons leave the cortex via the _______________
Internal Capsule
liquid or tablets
As the CORTICOSPINAL TRACT descends into the _________________, 75-95% of the fibres _______________, which go on to innervate the ______________.
medulla, decussate, limbs.
MDL
The _________________ fibres don't decussate at the medulla.
axial
machete
In a cross section of the medulla, the major decussation is evident as the "__________________"
Pyramids
egypt calling
The Corticospinal Tract is AKA the __________________________
Pyramidal Tract
egyptian john deer
Fibres of the Anterior Corticospinal Tract, which have not yet decussated at the pyramids, do so at the level at which they leave the spinal cord across the ___________________.
Anterior White Commissure
harken to the sensory arc
Anterior Corticospinal fibres synapse onto cell bodies in the _________________________.
Anterior Grey Horn
dusty stag's pride
Fibres of the ___________________ Corticospinal Tract have already decussated at the level of the _________________
LATERAL; pyramids
side
At the level of exit, neurons from the CST do so by synapsing onto a neuron in the _____________________.
anterior grey horn
agh
Upper Motor Neuron Lesions are those which affect neurons _______________________
between the cortex and the first synapse in the anterior horn
high
Lower Motor Neuron Lesions are those which affect neurons _______________________
anywhere between the Anterior Horn and the muscle terminus.
ah