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34 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Outermost layer of the Cerebellum? What are the cell types are predominant in this layer?
Molecular Layer.
Predominant Cell types are basket cells and stellate cells. Also contains the dendrites of Purkinje Cells.
What is the innermost layer of the cerebellum? What cell types does it contain?
Granule cell layer is the innermost layer and closest to the white matter. Contains granule cells, Golgi cells and cerebellar glomeruli.
What is a cerebellar glomeruli?
Mossy fiber rosette, granule cell dendrites, and Golgi cell axon.
Output cells of the cerebellum? What neurotransmitter do the use?
Purkinje Cells. Secrete inhibitory GABA to cerebellar and vestibular nuclei.
Excitatory cells of the Cerebellum and their NT?
Granule Cells excitatory through secretion of glutamate.
Send parallel fibers to Purkinje, basket and golgi cells.
What are Mossy Fibers?
Afferent excitatory fibers of the spinocerebellar, pontocerebellar and vestibulocerebellar tracts. Terminate on granule cell dendrites, exciting them to discharge.
What are Climbing Fibers?
Afferent excitatory fibers that arise fromt the contralateral inferior olivary nucleus (Olivocerebellar tract). Terminate on cerebellar nuclei and Purkinje Cells.
The major "effector" nucleus of the cerebellum
The Dentate Nucleus: gives rise to dentothalamic tract which leave through the SCP to the contraleral VL nucleus of the Thalamus.
Vestibulocerebellum
Function: Balance and Eye Movements
Inputs: Vestibular n fibers in Juxtarestiform Body
DC nucleus: Fastigial nucleus
Outputs: From Fastigial Nucleus and Purkinje Cells-->
1) Vestibular Nuclei (from PC's)
2) Reticular Formation
3) VL of the Thalamus
Which Cholinergic is used for Glaucoma, pupillary contraction, and release of intraocular pressure
Carbachol, Echothiophate and Physostigmine, neostigmine
Cerebrocerebellum
Function: Coordination and planning of voluntary movements

Input: Pontine nuclei and Inferior Olive

DC nucleus: Dentate n.

Output: Red n--> Inf. Olive
-->Cerebellum
VL of Thalamus
Main Excitatory Loop
Input fibers--> Deep Cerebellar Nuclei-->Descending Motor Systems.
Inhibitory Cortical Side Loop
Mossy Fibers--> Granule Cells-->Purkinje Cells-->Deep Cerebellar Nuclei and Vestibular Nuclei.

Climbing FIbers-->Purkinje Cells
Cerebellar Signs
1) Hypotonia with pendular reflexes.
2) Intention Tremor
3) Ataxia
Problems with balance and eye movements.
Flocculonodular Lobe damage. Nystagmus may be present.
Cerebrocerebellum
Function: Coordination and planning of voluntary movements

Input: Pontine nuclei and Inferior Olive

DC nucleus: Dentate n.

Output: Red n--> Inf. Olive
-->Cerebellum
VL of Thalamus
Main Excitatory Loop
Input fibers--> Deep Cerebellar Nuclei-->Descending Motor Systems.
Inhibitory Cortical Side Loop
Mossy Fibers--> Granule Cells-->Purkinje Cells-->Deep Cerebellar Nuclei and Vestibular Nuclei.

Climbing FIbers-->Purkinje Cells
Cerebrocerebellum
Function: Coordination and planning of voluntary movements

Input: Pontine nuclei and Inferior Olive

DC nucleus: Dentate n.

Output: Red n--> Inf. Olive
-->Cerebellum
VL of Thalamus
Cerebellar Signs
1) Hypotonia with pendular reflexes.
2) Intention Tremor
3) Ataxia
Problems with balance and eye movements.
Flocculonodular Lobe damage. Nystagmus may be present.
Main Excitatory Loop
Input fibers--> Deep Cerebellar Nuclei-->Descending Motor Systems.
Inhibitory Cortical Side Loop
Mossy Fibers--> Granule Cells-->Purkinje Cells-->Deep Cerebellar Nuclei and Vestibular Nuclei.

Climbing FIbers-->Purkinje Cells
Cerebellar Signs
1) Hypotonia with pendular reflexes.
2) Intention Tremor
3) Ataxia
Problems with balance and eye movements.
Flocculonodular Lobe damage. Nystagmus may be present.
Damage to the Vermis or Fastigial Nucleus would result in?
Problems with trunk, whole body sway, dysarthria.
What could be expected from damage to the Paravermal hemisphere and/or inteposed Nuclei?
Ataxia of limbs, intention tremor in arm and hand movements.
Patient presents with what appears to be trouble, or at least delayed initiation of movements, disruption of motor planning and decompsition of movements. Where in the cerebellum is the lesion likely to be?
Lateral Hemisphere or Dentate Nucleus. We know from the symptoms that the patient has damage to Cerebrocerebellum. The dentate nucleus projects to the red nucleus which projects to the inferior olive and back to the cerebellum. It also projects to the VL of the Thalamus.
Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle
Afferent fibers from:
1) Climbing fibers from Inf. Olive
2) Vestibular n
3) Vestibular nuclei
4) Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract
5) Cuneocerebellar Tract
6) Rostral Spinocerebellar Tract

Efferents:
1) to Vestibular Nuclei from Purkinje Cells.
Middle Cerebellar Peduncle
Afferents from:
1) Pontine nuclei
Superior Cerebellar Peduncle
Afferents:
1) Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract

Efferents to:
1) Red Nucleus
2) VL of Thalamus
3) Reticular Formation
4) Inferior Olive
Anterior Vermis Syndrome
Involves the leg region of the anterior lobe.

Results from atrophy of the Rostral Vermis and causes gait ataxia, trunk and leg dystaxia.

Commonly caused by alcohol abuse.
Posterior Vermis Syndrome
Involves the Flocculonodular Lobe.

Truncal dystaxia

Commonly the result of medulloblastomas or ependyomas in children.
Hemispheric Syndrome
Arm, leg and gait dystaxia and ipsilateral cerebellar signs.

Often the result of a brain tumor (astrocytoma) or abcess (secondary otitis media) and involves only one hemisphere.