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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cephalad
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Head
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Caudad
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Tail
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Ventral
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Belly
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Dorsal
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Back
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Rostral
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Toward the nose
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Ipsilateral
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Same side
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Contralateral
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Opposite side
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Bilateral
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Both sides
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Sagittal Plane
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Divides body into left and right
Mid-sagittal= mid-line Parasagittial= off mid-line |
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Coronal Plane
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Divides body into anterior and posterior (front and back)
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Transverse Plane
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divides body into superior and inferior
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Neuraxis
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CNS (gross subdivision of the brain)
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Encephalon
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Brain
-Forebrain -Midbrain -Hindbrain (part of CNS) |
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Myelon
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Spinal Cord
(part of CNS) |
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What makes up the forebrain?
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Cerebrum
Diencephalon |
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Gyri
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bumps
-Precentral gyrus -Postcentral gyrus -Superior temporal gyrus -Cingulate gyrus |
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Precentral gyri
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motor cortex
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Postcentral gyri
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somatosensory cortex
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Superior temporal gyri
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auditory cortex
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Sucli
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valley, cuts
-Central sulcus -Calcarine sulcus: thru occipital lobe -Parieto-occipital sulcus -Cingulte sulcus |
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Lobes
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Frontal
Parietal Occipital Temporal Insula- open up lateral fissure |
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Frontal Lobe
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executive decisions, higher thinking, cognitive
motor, movement |
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Occipital Lobe
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Vision
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Parietal Lobe
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Sensation
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Temporal Lobe
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Auditory
Memory |
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Hemispheres
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Interhemispheric (Great Longitudinal) Fissure; divides left and right
Lateral fissure: separates temporal lobe from frontal lobe |
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Diencephalon
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Thalamus
Hypothalamus |
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Thalamus
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-Diencephalon
Relay station there is a right and left; connected together by interthalamic adhesion |
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Hypothalamus
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-Diencelphalon
Hormone regulation ANS there are 2 hypothalamus |
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Midbrain
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Corpora Quadrigemina
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Corpora Quadrigemina
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-Midbrain
Superior colliculi- visual reflexes Inferior colliculi- auditory reflexes |
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Hindbrain
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Cerebellum
Pons Medulla Oblongata (eventually becomes spinal cord after passing through foramen magnum |
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Spinal Cord
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Lies within vertebral canal of vertebral column (CNS)
31 pairs of spinal nerves (62 total) Dorsal roots-sensory Ventral roots- motor -dorsal and ventral roots come together to form a spinal nerve Cauda Equina- PNS (spinal nerves); spinal cord ends at L1, L2 level Central Canal- extends length of spinal cord |
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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
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Cranial Nerves
Spinal Nerves |
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Cranial Nerves
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PNS
12 pairs named from roman numeral I- XII Can be motor, sensory, or both |
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Spinal Nerves
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31 pairs
Ventral roots Dorsal roots |
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Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
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Sympathetic
Parasympathetic |
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Sympathetic Division of ANS
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Fight and flight
thoracolumbar |
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Parasympathetic division of ANS
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Rest and digest
Feed and breed Cranosacral |
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Meninges
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Dura mater
Arachnoid mater Pia mater |
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Dura mater
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"hard mother"
outermost continuous with dura mater of brain and peripheral nerves (also called epi-, peri-, endo- neureum |
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Arachnoid mater
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"Spider-like mother"
middle |
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Pia mater
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"Soft mother"
innermost |
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Cerebrospinal fluid
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Clear watery fluid inside (ventricles) and around the brain and spinal cord (subarachnoid space)
-Produces by choroid plexus (in ventricles; look like grapes) |
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Tissues of the nervous system
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Neurons
Neuroglia Ganglion White matter Gray matter Nerve Nerve fiber Tracts Nucleus |
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Neurons
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main communicators; abundant
-Afferent: sensory, towards cell body or brain -Efferent: motor; away from cell body or brain -Interneurons: between neurons (largest classification in brain) |
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Neuroglia
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More abundant that neurons
Support cells Sometimes conduct impulses |
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Ganglion
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Compact group of nerve cell bodies in PNS; also located thruout body
plural: ganglia |
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White Matter
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Nerve fibers and their myelin coverings (fatty)
Inside of brain; outside or spinal cord |
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Gray Matter
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Nissl substance- pigment, goves gray color
Masses of cell bodies that contain pigments and organelles |
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Nerve
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Singular neurons
also means big cluster of neurons (ulnar nerve) |
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Nerve Fiber
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Axon of nerve
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Tracts
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Nerve processes sharing similar connections and functions running in pathways
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Nucleus
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Cluster of cell bodies in CNS with similar functions
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