Neuroanatomy

Front 1

Falx cerebri

Back 1

midline piece of dura separating brain into hemispheres

Front 2

Arachnoid granulations

Back 2

small bumps on dorsal midline arachnoid
Recycle CSF back into venous system through superior sagittal sinus

Front 3

3 cisterns in subarachnoid space

Back 3

Cisterna Magna (btwn cerebellum and medulla)
Superior Cistern (btwn cerebellum and epithalamus)
Interpeduncular cistern (btwn cerebral peduncles)

Front 4

Ventricles

Back 4

Lateral Ventricle
Third Ventricle
Fourth Ventricle

Front 5

Third Ventricle

Back 5

Lies in midline btwn thalami

Front 6

Fourth Ventricle

Back 6

Lies btwn cerebellum and pons

Front 7

Interventricular Foramen of Monro

Back 7

Passage btwn Lateral and Third Ventricle

Front 8

Cerebral Aqueduct

Back 8

Connects Third and Fourth Ventricle via the midbrain

Front 9

Foramen of Magendie (median aperture)

Back 9

Connects 4th Ventricle to subarachnoid space in midline

Front 10

Foramen of Luschka (lateral aperture)

Back 10

Connects 4th Ventricle to subarachnoid space laterally

Front 11

Choroid Plexus

Back 11

Specialized epithelia that produce CSF
Found in lateral, 3rd, and 4th ventricles, and Foramina of Luschka

Front 12

Septum Pellucidum

Back 12

A pair of thin membranes that separate the lateral ventricles

Front 13

Longitudinal Fissure

Back 13

Midline fissure separating the left and right hemispheres

Front 14

Corpus Callosum

Back 14

band of white matter where cortical axons cross sides

Front 15

Lateral Fissure (Sylvian fissure)

Back 15

Separates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes

Front 16

Central Sulcus

Back 16

Separate the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

Front 17

Prefrontal cortex

Back 17

personalitly, decision making, ethics, love

Front 18

Precentral gyrus

Back 18

primary motor cortex
in frontal lobe

Front 19

Postcentral gyrus

Back 19

primary somatosensory cortex
in parietal lob

Front 20

Preoccipital Notch

Back 20

Separates the Temporal and Parietal Lobes

Front 21

Temporal Lobe

Back 21

Memory, language, visual object association, and smell

Front 22

Insular Lobe

Back 22

deep cortex running parallel to the outer surface of the cerebral cortex. Involved in taste processing

Front 23

Orbitofrontal Cortex

Back 23

gyri above the orbits. Linked with the limbic system.

Front 24

Prefrontal Cortex Divisions

Back 24

Orbitofrontal Cortex
Dorsolateral Cortex
Ventromedial Cortex

Front 25

Infundibulum

Back 25

Pituitary Stalk behind the optic chiasm

Front 26

Mammillary Bodies

Back 26

2 bumps posterior to infundibulum
Part of hypothalamus involved in memory

Front 27

Uncus

Back 27

Most medial part of temporal lobe
A projection of olfactory tract
Often herniated w/increased intracranial pressure -->CNIII palsy

Front 28

Parts of the Corpus Callosum

Back 28

Rostrum
Genu
Body
Splenium

Front 29

Anterior Commissure

Back 29

White matter structure connecting the temporal lobes in the midline

Front 30

Pareito-occipital Fissure

Back 30

Separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe

Front 31

Cingulate gyrus

Back 31

Cortical Area above the corpus callosum important for memory consolidation

Front 32

Calcarine Fissure

Back 32

Separates the superior and inferior visual cortices in the occipital lobe

Front 33

Mass intermedia/interthalamic adhesion

Back 33

Midline crossing of thalami, absent in some brains

Front 34

Regions of hypothalamus

Back 34

Optic Chiasm
Infundibulum
Mammillary Body
Hypothalamic Sulcus

Front 35

Hypothalamic Sulcus

Back 35

divides dorsal hypothalamus and epithalamus from the ventral hypothalamus and subthalamus

Front 36

Regions of Epithalamus

Back 36

Pineal Gland
Posterior Commussure

Front 37

Pineal Gland

Back 37

Protuberance under the splenium that produces melatonin

Front 38

Posterior Commissure

Back 38

"S" shaped structure between pineal gland and anterior cerebral aqueduct
Important for vision

Front 39

Frontal Lobe Ventricular Supply

Back 39

Frontal horn of lateral ventricle

Front 40

Parietal Lobe Ventricular Supply

Back 40

Body of lateral ventrical

Front 41

Temporal Lobe Ventricular Supply

Back 41

Temporal horn of the lateral ventricle

Front 42

Thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus, and epithalamus Ventricular Supply

Back 42

Third ventricle

Front 43

Midbrain Ventricular Supply

Back 43

Cerebral aqueduct

Front 44

Pons and Cerebellum Ventricular Supply

Back 44

Fourth Ventricle

Front 45

Supplementary Motor Cortex

Back 45

Anterior to Primary motor cortex
Refines movements

Front 46

Frontal Eye Fields

Back 46

Anterior to Supplementary Motor Cortex
Important for saccades-fast eye movements

Front 47

Broca's Area

Back 47

Ventral Frontal Cortex
Important for speech production (left side)

Front 48

Somatosensory and visual association cortex

Back 48

posterior to the primary somatosensory cortex
integrates visual and somatosensory information

Front 49

Supramarginal gyrus

Back 49

Just above the dorsal end of the lateral fissure
language comprehension and processing

Front 50

Angular Gyrus

Back 50

connects with the supramarginal gyrus to form and "M"
language comprehension

Front 51

Visual Association Areas

Back 51

Found above and below primary visual cortex

Front 52

Superior temporal gyrus

Back 52

First gyrus ventral to the lateral fissure.
Auditory processing

Front 53

Middle and inferior temporal gyrus

Back 53

Ventral to superior temporal gyrus
Visual association

Front 54

Fusiform gyri

Back 54

ventral surface of the temporal lobe
Visual Association areas

Front 55

Parahippocampal gyrus

Back 55

Ventromedial aspect of temporal lobe, above the hippocampus
Memory formation and storage
Connected to uncus

Front 56

Wernicke's Area

Back 56

on Posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus
Language comprehension

Front 57

Heschl's gyrus

Back 57

Primary Auditory cortex

Front 58

Brainstem Sections

Back 58

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

Front 59

Midbrain Features

Back 59

Cerebral Peduncles
Interpeduncular Fossa
Oculomotor Nerve
Superior and Inferior Colliculus
Trochlear Nerve

Front 60

Superior Colliculus

Back 60

Reflexive head and eye movement in response to stimuli

Front 61

Inferior Colliculus

Back 61

Orient head in response to sounds

Front 62

Trochlear Nerve

Back 62

Only nerve to exit from the dorsal brainstem
Innervates Superior Oblique Muscle

Front 63

Sections of the Pons

Back 63

Basis Pontis--ventral side
Pontine Tegmentum--dorsal side

Front 64

Middle Cerebellar Peduncles

Back 64

Connects Pons to the Cerebellum

Front 65

CN III origin

Back 65

ventral midbrain

Front 66

CN IV origin

Back 66

dorsal midbrain

Front 67

CN V origin

Back 67

lateral pons

Front 68

Vestibulocerebellum

Back 68

Regulates postural muscles for balance and equilibrium
Contains flocculus and nodulus

Front 69

Flocculus

Back 69

2 tufted parts of cerebellum caudal to middle cerebellar peduncles, at junction of pons and medulla

Front 70

Nodulus

Back 70

Most internal part of vermis inside the 4th ventricle

Front 71

Spinocerebellum

Back 71

Modulates muscle movement in distal and axial muscles

Front 72

Vermis

Back 72

Midline structure of cerebellum
modulates axial muscle movement

Front 73

Paravermis

Back 73

Just lateral to the vermis
Contain bulges called tonsils, which can herniate
modulate distal muscle movement

Front 74

Cerebrocerebellum

Back 74

Lateral portions of cerebellar hemispheres
Regulates fine movements

Front 75

Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

Back 75

Head from the Cerebellum toward the colliculi

Front 76

Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle

Back 76

Connect Cerebellum to medulla and spinal cord

Front 77

Structures of the Medulla

Back 77

Pyramids
Inferior Olives

Front 78

Pyramids

Back 78

Part of the medulla that contain motor neurons from the motor cortex

Front 79

CN VI Origin

Back 79

Caudal edge of the pons, close to the midline

Front 80

CN IX-XII Origin

Back 80

Medulla

Front 81

Blood supply to Brain

Back 81

Internal Carotid
Vertebral Arteries

Front 82

Basilar Artery

Back 82

Formed after the two vertebral arteries join

Front 83

Components of the Circle of Willis

Back 83

Posterior Cerebral Artery
Posterior Communicating Artery
Anterior Cerebral Artery
Anterior Communicating Artery

Front 84

Middle Cerebral Arteries (MCA)

Back 84

supplies lateral surface of brain
runs in the Sylvian FIssure

Front 85

Lenticulostriate Arteries

Back 85

Small branches off the middle cerebral artery
Susceptible to hemorrhage

Front 86

Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA)

Back 86

Run through lateral fissure

Front 87

Branches off Vertebral Arteries

Back 87

Anterior Spinal Artery
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA)--supplies most of the cerebellum

Front 88

Branches off the Basilar Artery

Back 88

Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries (AICA)
Superior Cerebellar Arteries (SCA)
Posterior Cerebral Arteries
Thalamoperforators

Front 89

Septal Vein

Back 89

Primary Drainage from the forebrain
Runs anterior to septum pellucidum

Front 90

Internal Cerebral Veins

Back 90

Formed from joining of Septal and Thalamostriate veins
Run along roof of third ventricle

Front 91

Great Vein of Galen

Back 91

Forms under splenium
Drainage for internal aspects of cerebrum