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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The nervous system consists of
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anatomical divisions: CNS and PNS
functional divisions: autonomic NS and Somatic NS |
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The CNS structures include
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Brain: cerebellum, cerebrum, brainstem, subcortical structures
Spinal Cord ** all located within skull or spinal column |
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The CNS is protected by the:
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Skull (cranium)
Spinal Column Meninges CSF |
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The skull is composed of:
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8 plates
cranial vault foramen magnum-large opening for brainstem |
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The spinal column has ___ vertebrae. Name them...
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33 vertebrae
cervical-7 thoracic-12 lumbar-5 sacral-5 coccygeal-1fused |
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The meninges have 3 parts which are:
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dura-outer most
arachnoid-middle pia-inner most closest to brain |
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The CSF serves to do 4 things which are:
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1. protection
2. transport nutrition 3. circulate in subarach space and ventricles 4. formed in choroid plexus |
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*Perception and Discrimination
*Regulation of respiration & heartbeat *emotional expression *behavior *Mental processes *Language these are all characteristics of________. |
The CNS
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The Peripheral Nervous system consists of:
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1. 12 pairs of cranial nerves
2. 31 pairs of spinal nerves 3. sensory receptors All located mostly outside of bone |
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The PNS is responsible for:
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Somatic NS- responsible for consious sensory perception and volitional motor activity
Autonomic NS- involuntary self regulation "fight or flight" |
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The Limbic Lobe is located______ and consists of ______ and ______.
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can only be seen in the medial view of the brain
consists of the cingulate gyrus & parahippocampal gyrus |
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Area 4 of the frontal lobe is responsible for:
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motor control of articulators
(discrete movements) |
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Area 6 of the frontal lobe is responsible for:
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gross motor movements, postures
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Area 8 of the frontal lobe is responsible for:
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conjugate eye movements
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Areas 44 and 45 of the frontal lobe are responsible for:
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Left: motor programs for speech
Right: expressive/production of prosody & emotional intonation of speech |
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The funtion of the Frontal Lobe is:
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higher level of funtioning of intellect and psyche
language cognition skills reasoning executive funtioning and planning |
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Area 3,1,2 in the Parietal lobe are responsible for:
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RECOGNITION of touch , pressure, temperature, muscle movements
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Area 5,7 in the Parietal lobe are responsible for:
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UNDERSTANDING touch, pressur
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Area 39 in the Parietal lobe are responsible for:
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LEFT: understanding semantics, recog. written words/symbols
RIGHT: receptive, prosody and intonation |
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Area 40 in the Parietal lobe are responsible for:
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LEFT: blending semantic and phonetic info
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In areas 5, 7 in the parietal lobe, the sterognostic sense allows for:
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us to integrate info about how things feel into a recognition of how they look
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Area 41, 42 in the Temporal lobe are responsible for:
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recognition of auditory stimuli
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Area 22 in the Temporal lobe is responsible for:
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Comprehension of words
Wernicke's area-interpret and assign significance to what you hear |
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Area 17 in the Occipital lobe is responsible for:
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RECOGNITION of visual stimuli
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Area 18,19 in the Occipital lobe is responsible for:
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COMPREHENSION of visual stimuli
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The area of cortex that is 'buried' or 'covered up' by parts of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes
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the Insula
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The circle of cortical areas surrounding the Sylvian fissure in the frontal, temporal, parietal lobes in left hemisphere important for language function is the
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Perisylvian Region
(near Brocas and Wernickes areas) can also affect written lang and reading |
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The Limbic system is important for:
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*emtional response
*Drive-related bx (sexual, hunger) *memory (person can produce swear words) |
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Within the Limbic system is the Amygdala which funtions to:
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control aggressive behavior and facilitate understanding and responsiveness to social signals (pragmatics/social appropriatness)
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Within the Limbic system is the Hypothalamus which functions to:
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regulate bodily processes, the pituitary gland, and mediate pleasure
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Within the Limbic System is the Hippocampus which funtions to:
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facilitate memory for new info.
Damage=anterograde amnesia (an inability to remember new info) *Seahorse shaped |
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Gray matter is comprised of:
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nerve cell bodies
6 diff layers pyramidal & nonpyramidal cells Also known as the CORTEX |
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White matter is comprised of:
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axons and nerve fibers
Also known as the SUBCORTEX |
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The Primary Cortex within the Cerebral Cortex is responsible for:
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primary motor projections (voluntary movement) and primary sensory reception
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The Association Cortex within the Cerebral Cortex is responsible for:
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*association: combining, refining and interpreting sensory info transmitted to primary cortical areas
*awareness & perception *Gnosis-complex activity of knowing |
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Connection fibers consist of 3 diff types:
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1. association
2. commissural 3. projection |
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Association fibers/Fasiculi are:
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local carriers in CNS that connect cortical areas within a hemisphere (local)
fasiculi- farther apart, different lobes put in the same hemisphere |
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The Arcuate Fasiculus within the Association fibers is important for:
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speech; it connects Brocas and Wernickes areas
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Commissural fibers/regional carriers are connections:
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between the hemispheres
*Corpus callosum connects 2 hemis *Consists of anterior and posterior commissures |
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Projection fibers - efferent fibers
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Efferent-motor nerves that carry command and control signals fom brain to muscles
*long distance carriers |
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Projection fibers - Afferent fibers
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Afferent-sensory nerves that carry sensory info from receptors in the periphery to the brain
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The left brain hemisphere specializes in:
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*language
*rational & analytic *processes sequential, time-related material |
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The right brain hemisphere specializes in:
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*Prosodic and emotional tones of lang
*intuitive & holistic *specializes in gestalt like functions *music |
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The diencephalon consists of ___, ___ and ____.
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thalamus
hypothalamus basal ganglia |
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The Thalamus is the:
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egg like mass
*important for consiousness, alterness, attention *major relay center and way station between motor and sensory cortexes (Sensory gateway) |
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What is meant by the "Sensory Gateway" in the Thalamus?
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all senses except smell stop here before going to the cortex
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What happens when theres is pulvinar in the Thalamus?
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large swelling on the posterior end of thalamus (related to speech function)
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Where is the Hypothalamus located and what are its functions?
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located below Thalamus (very small)
*regulates boedy temp, thirst, appetite :*exerts neural control over pituitary gland's secretion of hormones *emotional behavior-rage aggression, escape behavior |
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Where is the basal ganglia located and what are its 3 parts?
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located deep in gray matter
*caudate nucleus *putamen *globus pallidus |
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What are the functions of the Basal Ganglia?
What happens if damage occurs? |
Recieves input and send info to thalamus-cortex
*regulation of major muscle groups in trunk and limbs *Regulates Posture and tone Damage: dykinesia (problems with mvmt and sensation) |
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What is the function of the Pons?
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it directs outgoing motor signals from the brian to the body.
Contains tracts of nerves and cranial nerve pathways |
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The medulla oblongata is:
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areas where cross-over (decussations) occurs
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The Medulla Oblongata contains:
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vital centers for autonomic processes, including respiration, control of blood flow, heartbeat blood pressure
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Where is the Reticular Formation and what is its function?
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located within core of brainstem
*controls arousal and consciousness, transmission of info in pain pathways |
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Whst is the result of damage to the Reticular Formation?
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coma if there is bilateral damage.
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