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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What type of 1* neurons have their cell bodies in the vestibular Ganglion?
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Bipolar
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Where are the 2nd order cell bodies of the the vestibular nerve located?
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Vestibular Nuclei
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Where is the vestibular nuclei located?
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Upper medula/lower pons beneath the vestibular trigon in the floor of the 4th ventricle
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What are the most important connections of the vestibular nuclie?
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With structures that regulate muscle tone such as the Cerebellum and the LMN of the SC and BS
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The feedback from the cerebellum to vestibulare nuclei via ____ allows the cerebellum to influence LMN
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ICP
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The cerebellum is important for maintaing 2 thing?
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Balance and proper eye position
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The vestibulospinal tract does what?
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Facilitates antigravity (extensor) muscles in maintaining posture
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The MLF arises from the vestibular nuclie and has an ascending and descending portion. What does ascending do? and descending?
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Ascending- coordinate conjunctave movement of the eyes and visual tracking as the head moves
Descending- coordinates movements of head and neck |
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Thru the reticular formation the vestibular nuclie affect?
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Autonomic nervous system and levels of consciousness
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Damage to MLF results in lack of what?
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Coordinated eye movements
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Damage to the vestibular nerve or nuclei results in?
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Dizziness, falling, abnormal eye movement, N & V
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What is the most common cause of damage to the vestibular nerve or nuclei?
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Acoustic neurom in the cerbellopontine angle
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What is the center for lateral gaze? Which is located by?
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PPRF- paramedian pontine reticular formation. The abducens nerve
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The PPRF does what?
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Coordinates movements of medial and lateral recuts muscles via input to the oculomotor and abducens nuclei
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What carries the communicationg info for PPRF?
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MLF
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Damage to the PPRF leads to?
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Paralysis of lateral gaze to the side of the lesion.
Medial Strabismus of ips eye Cannot move contra eye medially past midpoint |
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Center for vertical gaze is located where? And coordinates which muscles? And is damaged by?
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Near periaqueductal gray of Midbrain by sup. colliculus.
Those innervated by CN3 and CN 4. Pineal tumor |
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The cortical eye fields relate to what?
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Frontal eye fields and Occipital eye fields
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Frontal eye movements are voluntary in Area 8. If the person has a seizure the eyes do what? If there is a tumor or stroke the eyes do what?
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Stimulation-Seizure eyes go to opposite side.
Destruction- eyes look at lesion |
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Occipital eye fields are areas 18 and 19 of cortex. What are they involed with?
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Fixation of gaze, automatic scanning and accomodation,-convergenc RECOGNITION OF WHAT IS SEEN, COLOR VISION
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A lesion of the occipital eye fields does what?
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Disrupts reflexes of fixation and accomodation/convergance. Also visual agnosia.
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Internuclear opthalmoplegia is the result of damage to the MLF it is the first sign of?
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MS
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The cochlear nerve enters the BS where?
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Enters cerebellobontine angle and carries auditory input
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What type of neurons are located in the spiral ganglion?
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Bipolar
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The 2nd order neurons are located on the dorsal and ventral coclear nuclie where do these lie?
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Dorsolateral and ventrolateral to the ICP
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Damage 2 what 2 things will result in deafness in ipsilateral ear?
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Spiral ganglion, dorsal or ventral cochlear nuclei.
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What areas would allow for minimal loss of hearing in the contralateral ear?
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Inferior colliculus, Medial geniculat body, Primary auditory cortex on transverse gyri
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What are the 5 major parts of the choclear nerve from begining to end?
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Spiral ganglion, Dorsal or Ventral Cochlear Nuclie, Inferior Colliculus, Medial Geniculate Nucleus, Transverse temporal gyri
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Laterality of the cochlear nerve is?
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Primarily contralateral but has a significant contralateral component
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The trigeminal nerve GSA innervates?
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Whole head, supratentorial dura, teeth sinuses
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Main trigeminal nucleus is found where? Contains what 2 components?
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In the pons. There is both a motor and sensory component. The motor nucleus is medial to the sensory nuclues
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What is the GSA of the trigeminal responsible for?
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Discriminative touch and proprioception
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Spinal Trigeminal nucleus extends from the main trig. nucleus in pons down the SC to terminate at the dorsal horn of where?
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C3
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While the Main trigmeninal nucleus recieves input from _____. The trigm. spinal nucleus recieves input from???
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Large diameter fibers and smaller
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The Spinal V tract is _____ with Lissauer's tract and has the same function and terminates at all levels of the spinal V nucleus.
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coextensive and detects pain and temperature
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What is the TTT? Where does it terminate?
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Trigemionthalmic tract terminates in the ventral posterialmedial thalamus
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The 1* cell body is in what in the TTT? 2* ?? 3*??? The TTT takes the place of which 2 tracts from the body?
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Trigeminal Ganglion
Main or Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus Thalamus DCML and STT |
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The main and spinal trigmeinal nuclei contribute to this reflex?
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Blink reflex.
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Mesenencephalic trig nucleus is located where? WHY ARE THEY SPECIAL AND WHAT ARE THEY ASSOCIATED WITH?
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In caudal midbrain along cerebral aqueduct. The only 1* neurons in the CNS. And are used for prorioception
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SVE of motor trigeminal innervate muscles from which arch?
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1st
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The laterality of the Motor component of V is?
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Ipsilateral muscles
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The UMN recieve input from where in the V motor nuclei?
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From both sides of the CBT
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The SVE component of V serves as the efferent limb for which reflex?
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Jaw Jerk Reflex
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What happens when the sensory components of V are destroyed?
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Loss of distincrimitave touch, pain, and temp in V1,- V3 distributions.
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Trigeminal neuralgia ====
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Tic douloureux
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Does the laterally depend on the location for sensory V?
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YEs it depends if the lesion is above or below the lesion
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LMN lesion of V nucleus or nerve=
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ips. paralysis and atrophy of muscles of mastication
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What happens with unilateral UMN lesions of CBT?
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There is little deficit. Maybe some contralateral weakness
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Facial GSA supplies sensation to? 1* nerve cell bodies lie where?
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External ear, wall of auditory tube, and outer surface of typanic membrane. Geniculate ganglion
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What do the nervus intermediaus contain?
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Central processes which enter spinal V tract and synapse in SPINAL V nucleus
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What pathway do GSA 7 take to get to the postcentral gyrus?
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Same as Spinal V. Goes to VPM nucleus of thalmus--> cerbral cortex
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SVA of 7 does what and is located where?
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Taste for anterior 2/3 of tongue. Genticulate ganglion
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Does nervus intermedius carry SVA 7 nerve fibers? If so where do they go?
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Yes and they go to the solitary tract and solitary nucleus
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Rostral part of solitary nucleus is AKA?
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Gustatory nucleus
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Gustarory nucleus sends axons up _______ to VPM nuclues of thalamus to hypothalamus?
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Central Tegmental tract
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SVE motor of 7 controls muscles from which arch? And where are the LMN's located?
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2nd pharengeal arch. LMN's are in facial motor nucleus.
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Laterality of SVE of 7?
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Innervates muscles of ipsilateral side
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Facial Motor component serves as efferent limb for which reflex?
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BLINK
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CBT input to face is bilateral to facial neurons on upper face but _____ to neurons on lower face?
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Contralateral
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If a Unilateral UMN is paralyzed in the face where is the paralysis?
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Contralateral lower face
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If paralysis is on unilateral LMN the paralysis is where?
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Upper and lower ipsilateral face
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Lesions within the pons produce deficits where?
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In 6 and in 7
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Lesions at the cerebellopontine angle produce deficits where?
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7 and 8
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GVE of 7= parasympatetic terminate on 3 glands what are they? 2 Ganglions what are they?
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Submandibular, Sublingual, Lacrimal and nasal glands
Pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglion |
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GSA of 9 have 1* cell bodies where? and 2* where? What does it form?
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1* inferior and superior glossapharyngeal ganglion. And spinal 5 nucleus
Forms afferent limb of gag reflex |
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Only muscle innervated by glossopharyngeal
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Stylophargenous muscle
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SVA of Sensory of 9 does what? and lies where for 1* then travels thru _____ to get to the gustatory nucleus.
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Tastes for back 1/3 of tongue. Inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion. Solitary tract and rostral solitarynucleus.
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GVA sensory of 9 takes input from where?
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Carotid sinus and bodies. (Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors respectively)
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GVA of 9 follow the same pathway as SVA with one difference which is?
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Inferior glosso ganglion-->solitary tract-->caudal solitary nucleus-->caudal solitatry nucleus.
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What are the main uses of GVA 9?
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Reticular formation and hypothalamus
Reflex control of cardiovas + respiratory Operate on subconcious level |
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SVE motor of 9 innerveate 1 muscle which is? Comes from which arch? LMN is located where?
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Stylopharyngeus and 3rd brachial arch.
Nucleus ambiguus |
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GVE of 9 comes from the inferior salivatory nucleus to travel thru???
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The lesser petrosal nerve to the otic ganglion thru auriculotemporal nerve to the parotid gland
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Vagus has 1* in? 2* and gets to the thalamus the same way as what other 3 nerves?
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1* in superior and inferior vagal ganglia
2* in spinal trigeminal nucleus Same as V, VII, and IX |
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SVA of vagus provide taste to epiglotus. Travel from 1* in to solitary tract and rostral solitary nucleus
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Inferior vagal ganglion to solitary tract to rostral solitary nucleus
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The GVA sensory of vagus recieves input from the aortic sinus, aortic bodies, pharynx larynx thoracic and abdominal space. What is the pathway from 1* to 3*
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1* inferior vagal ganglion to
solitatry tract to caudal solitary nucleus upwards |
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SVE of Vagus innervates muscles from which arch? LMN's are located where?
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4th and 6th brachial arches. Nucleus ambigous
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What happens if LMN of vagus are damaged? Unilateral? Bilateral?
UMN unilateral? |
-No gag reflex, ips paralysis of soft palate, difficulty breathing/swallowing, UVULA deviates to the normal side
Bilateral is usually fatal due to asphyxiation. No damage since covered by 2 cerebral hemispheres |
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GVE motor of Vagus paraympathetic arise from 2 areas and affect what?
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Nucleus ambiguus= heart
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus= abdominal and thoracic viscera |
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Where are the LMN of the CN XI located?
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From Spinal accessory nucleus
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Lesions of LMN XI
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LMN is downward lateral rotation of scapula, and shoulder drop. Weakness in turning the head to the side contralateral to lesion.
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Lesion of UMN XI
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Transient contra paresis of trap or SCM
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Hypoglossal innervates the tongue muscles. LMN are where?
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Hypoglossal nucleus
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The hypoglossal nucleus is located where?
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Midline floor of the 4th ventricle. Beneath hypoglossal trigone
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LMN lsion of XII?
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Ipsilatarial weakness and atrophy and deviation of tongue to same side when protruded
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UMN lesion of XII==
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Presents with contralateral weakness so tongue deviates to the side opposite the lesiion
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