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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the potential places of central weakness?
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cortical, subcortical, midbrain, pontine, medullary, spinal cord
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What is the presentation of a small cortical lesion?
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Monoplegia +/- sensory loss in the same area
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What is the presentation of a large hemispheric lesion (MCA stroke)?
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Weakness that affects the arm greater than the leg (face, arm > leg) as well as homonymous hemianopia, and hemisensory loss.
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What is commonly seen in left-sided lesions?
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Aphasia
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What is commonly seen in right-sided lesions?
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Neglect
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What is the presentation of ACA strokes?
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Pronounced leg weakness and numbness with subtle mental status changes.
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What is the presentation of a subcortical lesion?
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Hemiparesis with the pattern of face=arm=leg +/- hemisensory loss, but SPARING OF VISION
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Where are the lesions in neuronopathies?
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In the anterior horn cell.
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What are the characteristics of neuronopathies?
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Pure motor disturbances with severe generalized weakness, wasting, hyporeflexia, and fasciculations.
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Give 2 neuronopathies.
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ALS & SMA
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Describe ALS.
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - disorder characterized by upper and lower motor neuron pathology
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Describe SMA.
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Spinal muscular atrophy - class of infantile/juvenile, hereditary disorders of progressive weakness, muscle loss, hyporeflexia, etc. w/o UMN signs.
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Describe radiculopathies
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Nerve root disorders - sensorimotor disturbances (weakness and numbness ) in the distribution of one or more nerve roots, often associated with pain in the same root distribution and segmental hyporeflexia.
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What usually causes radiculopathies?
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Compressive disks, but can be tumors, diabetes, or CMV.
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What disorder is characterized by weakness, numbness, hyporeflexia and pain of the entire limb?
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Plexopathies
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What are some causes of plexopathies?
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Diabetes (lumbar), cancer, Lyme disease (brachial), etc.
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Guillan Barre demonstrates what type of weakness?
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Proximal weakness.
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What are 2 disorders of the neuromuscular junction?
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Lambert-Eaton
Myasthenia Gravis |
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What are the 5 types of myopathies?
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*toxic
*metabolic *inflammatory *muscular dystrophy *congenital |
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What class of agents are known for causing myopathies with increased CK?
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Statins
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What is medial medullary syndrome?
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A medullary lesion produces hemiparesis SPARING THE FACE, ipsilateral tongue deviation and contralateral loss of vibration and proprioception.
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