Neuro Test 3 (New Only)

Front 1

language:

Back 1

rule governed creativity.

Front 2

5 systems of language:

Back 2

phonology, morphology, syntax, lexical, semantics, discourse.

Front 3

writing system:

Back 3

visual representation of languages.

Front 4

brain imaging studies are supported by:

Back 4

a fronto-temporal network (frontal operculum, posterior portions of Broca's area, and superior temporal gyrus)

Front 5

frontal operculum and anterior portions of the STG:

Back 5

subserve processes of local structure building.

Front 6

posterior portions of the STG plays a role in:

Back 6

integration of syntactic and semantic information

Front 7

Broca's area:

Back 7

processes complex structures

Front 8

Penfield & Rasmussen:

Back 8

from Montreal, did experiment with kids with seizure.

Front 9

behavioral changes after split-brain surgery:

Back 9

visual info presented to one half of the brain was not available to the other half.
Patients not able to name objects presented in left hand.
Cannot tactile stimuli presented to the RH because the sensory info is disconnected from the left (speech) hemisphere.

Front 10

lesions in RH result in:

Back 10

prosodic impairments, language deficits, discourse-pragmatic deficits & theory of mind deficits.

Front 11

aspects of prosodic production and comprehension may be impaired ______________________.

Back 11

simultaneously or independently of one another.

Front 12

production and comprehension deficits can occur ________.

Back 12

in both linguistic & emotional (affective) prosody, Latter is more prominent in RH damage.

Front 13

RH damage is a neurological disorder that can result in _____.

Back 13

prosodic impairments

Front 14

gender:

females tend to be _____ fluent than males in language use.

Back 14

more

Front 15

______ tend to be better than ______ at spatial analysis.
(chess, music composition)

Back 15

males/females.

Front 16

the _____ hemisphere in bilinguals may share language functions with the LH to a greater extent than monolinguals.

Back 16

RH

Front 17

who did Electrical stimulation studies?

Back 17

Ojemann & Whitaker.

Front 18

orthographic input lexicon and posterior temporal & parietal regions:

Back 18

BA 37 & 39

Front 19

Lexical-semantics and Wernicke's area:

Back 19

BA 22

Front 20

Phonological output lexicon (at least for nouns) and posterior middle and inferior temporal gyri:

Back 20

(BA 37)

Front 21

OPC mechanism and the left angular gyrus:

Back 21

BA 39

Front 22

supra marginal gyrus:

Back 22

BA 40

Front 23

spelling cognitive architecture:

Back 23

organization of the various mental operations that are involved in a skill.
Includes functions of mental processes and their relationships.

Front 24

spelling Cognitive functions:

Back 24

different from other tasks, a mental process that can be used in a number of different tasks. No one-to-one relationship b/t tasks and cognitive functions.

Front 25

cognitive architecture of spelling includes:

Back 25

lexical processes
sub-lexical processes
post-lexical processes.

Front 26

info on neural substrate of lexica;-semantic spelling:

Back 26

lesion studies, functional neuroimaging studies.

Front 27

semantic agraphia:

Back 27

spelling dysfunctional. lesions in frontal extrasylvian (temporo-parietal) cortical areas.

Front 28

Normal:

Back 28

activation seen in inferolateral temporal and posterior parietal cortex and inferior prefrontal cortex.

Front 29

what is semantic agraphia?

Back 29

damage to the semantic system or impaired transmission of information b/t semantic system and orthographic output lexicon.

Front 30

symptoms:

Back 30

spontaneous writing and written naming affected.
writing to dictation relatively preserved.
difficulty in writing homophones to dictation b/c of inability to use contextual information.

Front 31

Lesion sites:

Back 31

angular gyrus and/or posterior lateral and ventral temporal cortex.

Front 32

symptoms:

Back 32

spelling of ambiguous words impaired.
spelling of regular and non-words preserved.
phonologically plausible errors.
frequency effect.

Front 33

phonological agraphic closely related to:

Back 33

deep dysgraphia.

Front 34

phonological agraphia symptoms:

Back 34

unable to spell unfamiliar and non-words. real word spelling preserved. problems with abstract words, bound morphemes.

Front 35

phonological agraphia lesion sites:

Back 35

perisylvian language zone-Wernicke's area, SMG & Broca's area.

Front 36

graphemic buffer:

Back 36

WM system that temporarily holds abstract orthographic representation.

Front 37

graphemic buffer symptoms:

Back 37

loss of info relevant to serial order & identity of stored graphemes (leading to substitutions, omissions, additions, transpositions).

Front 38

graphemic buffer lesion sites:

Back 38

damage to left parietal cortex.

Front 39

executive functions:

Back 39

a large array of complex oversight functions such as deciding among alternative courses of action, inhibiting irrelevant information, reasoning through complex problems, planning for future.

Front 40

executive control systems:

Back 40

will provide alternative response patterns to the default, reflexive level responses.

Front 41

dorsolateral prefrontal systems:

Back 41

initiating and shifting behavior, inhibiting behavior, stimulating behavioral consequences.

Front 42

ventromedial prefrontal systems:

Back 42

inhibition of socially inappropriate behavior, sensitivity to consequences of actions.

Front 43

parietal control systems:

Back 43

association b/t sensation and action, supports intentionality, visual attention.

Front 44

cingulate control system:

Back 44

conflict-resolution & monitoring.

Front 45

basal ganglia control system:

Back 45

provides direct link b/t stimuli and behavior.

Front 46

functions of frontal lobes:

Back 46

motor functions, actions & plans.
memories of future.
novelty and routine.
ambiguity and actor-centered cognition.
working memory.
theory of mind.

Front 47

metacognition:

Back 47

knowledge about all cognitive processes, monitoring of cognitive activity.

Front 48

executive functions:component processes:

Back 48

volition, planning, purposive action, effective performance.

Front 49

A.R. Luria's ground work for defining EF:

Back 49

system in charge of intentionality, formation of goals, plans of action subordinates to goals, ID of goal-appropriate cognitive routines, sequential access to routines, temporally ordered transition from one routine to another, eval of outcome of our actions.

Front 50

A.R. Luria's 2 broad categories of cognitive behavior linked to EF:

Back 50

1.behavior guided by internal representations:formulation of plans & guiding behavior according to the plans.
2.capacity to "switch gears" when something unexpected happens.

Front 51

frontal lobe functions: memories of future

Back 51

form goals, action according to set goals, mental images of future must become content of memory, future memories will guide behavior.

Front 52

frontal lobe functions: novelty and routine:

Back 52

as familiarization with task increases FL involvement decreases.

Front 53

frontal lobe functions: ambiguity and actor-centered cognition.

Back 53

2 types of decisions (veridictal-intrinsically correct (T or F) & adaptive actor-centered-not intrinsically correct.

Front 54

Goldberg's cognitive bias test:

Back 54

response selection task based on preference rather than correctness.

Front 55

frontal libe functions: working memory and working with memory:

Back 55

memory involves selection. WM constantly and rapidly changing content.

Front 56

frontal lobe functions: theory of mind & intelligence:

Back 56

executive intelligence

Front 57

executive intelligence:

Back 57

used to gain insight into & anticipate the behavior, motives, & intentions of other people

Front 58

theory of mind:

Back 58

capacity to form internal representation of the other person's mental life.

Front 59

what is important for TOM?

Back 59

medial & lateral frontal cortex activations.