Imported: Neuro Test 1: Lovett_Review And Intro

Front 1

afferent vs efferent

Back 1

afferent: carry nerve impulses from receptors or sense organs towards the central nervous system

efferent: from CNS to target

Front 2

what makes up the brainstem?

Back 2

the midbrain (sup/inf colliculus)

pons

medulla

Front 4

4 lobes of the brain? major functions?

Back 4

frontal: high order processing, planning, etc

parietal: somatosensory

temporal: sound

Occipital: vision

Front 5

where is broca's area located? (what lobe)

where is Weirnikes area?

Back 5

B: Frontal lobe

W: Temporal

Front 6

post central gyrus=?

pre=?

Back 6

post central=somatosensory

pre= motor

Front 7

cerebellum function?

Back 7

compare planned motor behavior with actual movement

checks/balances

Front 8

functions of the insular lobe

Back 8

emotions, drives, drug addiction etc

Front 9

function of the calcarine fissure

Back 9

primary visual processing area

Front 10

difference btw gray and white matter?

Back 10

gray: cell bodies (and some axons)

white: axons

Front 11

what makes up the basal ganglia?

Back 11

Caudate Nucleus

Putamen

Globus Pallidus

Front 12

just list the cranial nerves and their functions

Back 12

* I-Olfactory nerve,
* II-Optic nerve,
* III-Oculomotor nerve,
* IV-Trochlear nerve/pathic nerve,
* V-Trigeminal nerve/dentist nerve
* VI-Abducens nerve,
* VII-Facial nerve,
* VIII-Vestibulocochlear nerve/Auditory nerve,
* IX-Glossopharyngeal nerve,
* X-Vagus nerve,
* XI-Accessory nerve/Spinal accessory nerve and
* XII-Hypoglossal nerve.

Front 13

Dorsal horn is associated with what?

Ventral?

Back 13

Dorsal: Sensory

Ventral Motor

Front 14

consider the locations of white and gray matter in the spinal cord and brain (which is deep and which is superficial in each)

Back 14

spinal cord: gray matter deep

brain: gray matter superficial

Front 15

what divides the gracile and cuneate fasciculi?

Back 15

posterior intermediate sulcus

**only seen at T7 and ABOVE***

Front 16

what is the difference btw the gracile and cuneate fasiculate

Back 16

Gracile: carries axons from lower extremities

cuneate: upper (t6 and up)

REMEMBER: Feet in the grass

Part of the DCML pathway for sensory info (pressure, vibration, fine touch)

Front 17

what type of information is carried by the Dorsal column/ medial lemniscus pathway

Back 17

fine touch
proprioception,
vibration.

Front 18

lateral corticospinal tract does what?

Back 18

somatomotor

Front 19

what does the anterolateral system (ALS) do?

Back 19

pain
temperature
touch (crude)

Front 20

does a 1st, 2nd, or 3rd order neuron cross?

Back 20

2nd will cross

such as the second order neurons from the nucleus cuneatus crossing as internal arcuate fibers in the medulla

Front 21

please diagram out the DCML pathway...what info does this carry?

Front 22

please diagram out the Anterior Lateral System, and list what it carries

Front 23

Please diagram out fine touch and vibration of the face

Front 24

please diagram orofacial pain and temp

Front 25

The left optic tract carries info from what visual field?

Back 25

right visual field

Front 26

What is the job of the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)?

Back 26

visual processing

receives synapse from eyes

Front 27

where will superior visual field info end up?

Back 27

inferior calcarine fissure

(remember they also travel inferior in the meyers loop)

Front 28

a pituitary tumor causes pressure on the optic chiasm...what will this lead to?


****TEST

Back 28

Bitemporal hemianopia

Will only be able to see info from medial visual fields (peripheral vision lost-->tunnel vision)

Front 30

pt falls off their bike and was not wearing a helmet. They now say that they have lost vision just in the very center of each eye...what is going on?

Back 30

Central scotomas

Front 31

diagram out the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts

Front 32

pt has flaccid paralysis...what is the problem

Back 32

lower motor neuron

Front 33

pt has spastic paralysis...what is the problem?

Back 33

upper motor neuron

Front 34

middle cerebral artery damage will lead to issues in what structure

Back 34

face

comes out of sylvian fissure and branches like a tree

Front 35

anterior cerebral artery damage will lead to issues in what structure

Back 35

legs and feet

Front 36

describe the role of the Direct pathway and the indirect pathway in the basal ganglia

**TEST

Back 36

Direct pathway: starting movement

indirect pathway: stopping movement

Front 37

which pathway (direct or indirect) encourages GPm activity...what does this do?

Back 37

INDIRECT

GPm has tonic inhibition of the thalamus (which is always wanting to activate movement...it's like GO GO GO)

thus the indirect by activating GPm will stop movement (this is the key thing to remember)

note: in the direct pathway, you inhibit GPm so inhibiting the inhibition leads to activity

Front 38

Back 38

Front 39

Back 39

Front 40

Back 40

posterior intermediate sulcus is only seen ABOVE T7

Front 41

Back 41

Front 42

Back 42

Front 43

Back 43

Front 44

Back 44

Front 45

Back 45

**Meyer's Loop**

-Meyer's Loop can be damaged via stroke in the temporal lobe of the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY..

This will knock out SUPERIOR VISION

**TEST**

Front 46

Back 46

**Lateral Geniculate Body***

-All optic info passes through here!!!

Front 47

Visual Cortex:

The superior visual field is projected to the ____ portion of the visual cortex

***EXAM***

Back 47

lower portion

Front 48

Visual Cortex:

The inferior visual field is projected to the ____ portion of the visual cortex

***EXAM***

Back 48

upper portion

Front 49

***EXAM***

Back 49

Homunculus:

-Head and face are located more LATERALLY while lower limb is located MEDIALLY on pre and post-central gyrus