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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Betaseron is what kind of drug? use?
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interferon beta-1b
Mechanism of action – uncertain but beneficial effects may be due to immunomodulatory actions. One thought is that INFs decrease antigen presentation in the CNS, which appears to limit immune attack on myelin Used to decrease the frequency and severity of exacerbations in patients with relapsing forms of MS |
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Avonex and Rebif are is what kind of drugs?
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interferon beta-1a
Mechanism of action – uncertain but beneficial effects may be due to immunomodulatory actions. One thought is that INFs decrease antigen presentation in the CNS, which appears to limit immune attack on myelin Used to decrease the frequency and severity of exacerbations in patients with relapsing forms of MS |
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Adverse effects of the interferon drugs?
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flu-like symptoms (muscle ache, fever, chills, asthenia)
Injection site reactions Antibody formation (can limit effectiveness of drug) Depression remember these were MS drugs |
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use of the interferon drugs?
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Used to decrease the frequency and severity of exacerbations in patients with relapsing forms of MS. Uncertain whether they actually slow the progression of the disease.
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Mitoxantrone is what kind of drug? MOA?
what is important about this drug? |
a cancer chemotherapeutic agent recently approved to treat advanced MS
Acts by suppressing immune attack on myelin important thing to remember: THERE IS A TIME LIMIT TO HOW LONG YOU CAN USE IT (2-3 year)--> will cause problems with cardiac conduction |
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Natalizumab is what kind of drug? How does it work?
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A recombinant humanized MAB
Binds to a specific site on an adhesion molecule on activated lymphocytes and monocytes. This blocks adhesion and prevents leukocyte entry into CNS, therby decreasing immune attack on myelin in MS |
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major side effect of Natalizumab?
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Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy-->FATAL
Binds to a specific site on an adhesion molecule on activated lymphocytes and monocytes. This blocks adhesion and prevents leukocyte entry into CNS, therby decreasing immune attack on myelin. |
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Fingolimod MOA?
important thing about it? |
Mechanism – inhibits migration of T cells out of lymph nodes
The first oral specific therapy for MS!! |
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adverse effects of Fingolimod
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bradycardia and increased infections
Mechanism – inhibits migration of T cells out of lymph nodes to fight MS, oral use |
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What is Riluzole used for? MOA?
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is the first (and, so far, only) drug approved for the specific treatment of ALS
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker which is thought to act by inhibiting glutamate release |
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Riluzole major adverse effect?
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Hepatotox
MOA: voltage-gated sodium channel blocker which is thought to act by inhibiting glutamate release--used to treat ALS |
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Donepezil is what kind of drug?
Used to tx? |
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Drug treatment Alzheimer’s Disease – the cognitive deficits of the disease are thought to be related, in part, to degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the cortex and hippocampus resulting in deficient cholinergic neurotransmission. |
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Galantamine is what kind of drug?
Used to tx? |
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Drug treatment Alzheimer’s Disease – the cognitive deficits of the disease are thought to be related, in part, to degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the cortex and hippocampus resulting in deficient cholinergic neurotransmission. |
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Tacrine is what kind of drug?
Used to tx? |
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Drug treatment Alzheimer’s Disease – the cognitive deficits of the disease are thought to be related, in part, to degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the cortex and hippocampus resulting in deficient cholinergic neurotransmission. |
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Rivastigmine is what kind of drug?
Used to tx? |
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Drug treatment Alzheimer’s Disease – the cognitive deficits of the disease are thought to be related, in part, to degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the cortex and hippocampus resulting in deficient cholinergic neurotransmission. |
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Memantine is what kind of drug?
used to tx? |
"use-dependent” (only kicks in when there are high lvls of activity) NMDA receptor antagonist. The theory behind its action in Alzheimer’s is that it blocks glutaminergic overstimulation of NMDA receptors, which can be toxic to neurons which are important in learning and memory, but allows low levels of receptor activation.
Drug treatment Alzheimer’s Disease |
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what effect might gingko have on AZ? Estrogen?
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Gingko has been shown to modestly improve memory in some Alzheimer’s patients.
Estrogen may increase risk. |
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what kind of drug is Glatiramer? used to treat? MOA
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a synthetic compound which resembles a component of myelin
Mechanism of action Since drug resembles a component of myelin, it’s thought that it may protect myelin by acting as a “decoy” attracting immune cells away from myelin tx: MS |
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what MS drug has the adverse effects of Flushing, chest tightness or pain, shortness of breath (within 15 min)
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Glatiramer
a synthetic compound which resembles a component of myelin Mechanism of action Since drug resembles a component of myelin, it’s thought that it may protect myelin by acting as a “decoy” attracting immune cells away from myelin tx: MS |
