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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Is the vestibulospinal tract a crossed or uncrossed pathway?
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Uncrossed
postural adjustments by antigravity musculature in response to the movement or tilting of the head. Descending tract is located ventromedially |
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The annulospiral beginning of Ia fibers specifically arise from?
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Nuclear Bag & Chain of muscle spindle
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The raphespinal pathway has an effect on modification pain transmission due to the release of what neurotransmitter?
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serotonin
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Afferent fibers from muscle spindles, simultaneously excite an interneuron which stimulates the alpha motorneuron of the agonists extrafusal muscle fibers while at the same time exciting an interneuron which inhibits the alpha motorneuron of the antagonists extrafusal fibers. The process is called? the latter process is called?
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Autogenic Excitation
Reciprocal Inhibition |
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By definition the myotatic stretch reflex has how many synapses?
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By definition one, but we now know there are interneurons involved
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What are the specific receptors for the flexor withdrawal reflex?
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Free nerve endings for pain
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Which two arteries are interconnected by the posterior communicating artery of the Circle of Willis?
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Internal carotid (middle cerebral) & posterior cerebral
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At which specific region of the brain or spinal cord does the lateral corticospinal pathway cross to the opposite side?
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medullary pyramids
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What is the term for loss of muscle coordination or synergy?
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Ataxia
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What is the term for loss of the ability to recognize an object while touching and feeling but not seeing it?
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Astereoagnosia
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What is the term for loss of visual recognition of an object or person?
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Prosopagnosia
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What is the term for inability to write letters/words correctly?
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Agraphia
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What is the term for altered sensation?
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Paresthesia
lesion to the post central gyrus. Instead of pain, you may just be feeling tingling. |
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What is the term for inability to understand words in order to speak them?
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Expressive Aphasia
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What is damaged when:
1. complete paralysis followed by spasticity of effected muscles 2. hyper-reflexia 3. fasciculations (clones) 4. babinski sign 5. clasp knife effect 6. can be unilateral (ipsilateral) or contralateral |
Upper Motor Neuron Lesion
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What is the problem when:
1. complete paralysis of muscle group innervated by nerve 2. atrophy of disuse 3. areflexia 4. fasciculations 5. Only Unilateral (ipsilateral) |
Lower Motor neuron damage
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The inability to perform rapidly alternating movements is?
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dysdiadocokinesia
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The inability to gage distances with your extremities with your eyes closed?
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dysmetria
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Gait disturbance where you lose the ability to walk a straight line alternating one foot in front of the other?
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Ataxia (dystaxia)
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Spontaneous tic-like movements?
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Chonea
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Spontaneous throwing of limb on one side of the body?
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Hemi ballism
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Pill rolling type temor at rest is characteristic of diseases to which part of the nervous system?
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Basal Nuclei
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An individual with intention tremors, slurred speech and the inability to walk a straight line probably has a disease of what portion of the nervous system?
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Cerebellum
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A twisted distorted neck posture is referred to as?
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Torticollis
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Spontaneous writhing snake like movements of an extremity or the tongue?
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Athetosus
basal nuclei |
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What is the name of the thalamic nucleus that is the primary somatosensory relay for areas of the upper head & neck?
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Ventral Posterior Medial
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Increased sensitivity of tissues adjacent to an actual site of tissue damage is referred to as?
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Secondary Hyperalgesia
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A basal nucleus which is responsible for modulation of motor activity specifically for muscles of facial expression?
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Nucleus Accumbens
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The cerebellar lobe which functions to act as a brake for volitional movements?
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Posterior (middle) neocerebellum
This has to do with the coordination of FINE movement. This allows us to move our awesome opposable thumbs. We're the only mammal that can touch our thumb to every finger. |
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Name the disorder and whether or not they are cerebellar disorders or basal nuclear disorders.
A bobble head like oscillation of the head |
Titubation
cerebellar |
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Name the disorder and whether or not they are cerebellar disorders or basal nuclear disorders.
Inability to perform rapidly alternating movements, such as pronation-supunation |
Dysdidocokinesia
cerebellum |
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Name the disorder and whether or not they are cerebellar disorders or basal nuclear disorders.
A violent movement characterized by the spontaneous throwing out of an extremity on on side of the body |
Hemiballism
Cerebellum |
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A disease characterized by dysarthria, torticollis and twisted trunk posture which is usually caused at birth by kernieturis
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Cerebral Palsy
basal nuclei |
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A disease characterized by mask-like expressions a shuffling gait and a pill rolling type of tremor
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basal nuclei
parkinson's |
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Inability to accurately gage distances when moving (ex. trying to touch the tip of your nose with the tip of your index finger with your eyes closed)
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dysmetria
cerebellar |
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While sitting on the physicians examining table young female patient diagnosed with rheumatic fever has a spontaneous seizure like episode resembling a marionette dancing
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basal nuclei
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A spontaneous writhing (snake-like) movement of an extremity
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Athetosis
(Choreothetosis basal nuclei)? |
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Increased sensitivity to pain in tissues adjacent to the actual site of tissue damage is referred to as?
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Secondary Hyperanalgesia
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What specific types of afferent nerve fibers carry input from pain receptors to the CNS?
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III & IV afferents
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Name 3 of the 4 opioid receptors found in the CNS
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mu kappa delta
◊ mu widely distributed in brain & spinal cord especially in areas associated with pain regulation & senorimotor integration. ◊ Delta located in areas involved with olfaction and motor integration. ◊ Kappa located in areas associated with pain perception (PAG) and regulation of water and food. |
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What are the specific receptors which receive stimulus for the myotatic (monosynaptic) stretch reflex?
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Muscle spindle Ialpha
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What structures do gamma motorneurons innervate?
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intrafusal muscle
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A lesion to the posterior spinocerebellar tract, the dorsal column medial lemniscal system or directly to the cerebellum usually leads to a general condition referred to as
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Ataxia
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What is a positive Babinski sign and what is it diagnostic for?
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The reflex is stimulated toes extend when normally they would flex
(diagnostic for upper motor lesion) |
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What higher centered nervous system pathway has the ability to close the pain gate?
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Raphespinal Pathway
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Which spinal cord lamina is considered to be the pain gate?
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II
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Motor cells of the spinal cord are arranged in such a manner that neurons which innervate the thigh would be found?
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Medial to neurons which innervate the foot
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What is associated with the innervation of the diaphragm and is found in spinal cord levels C345?
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The central (phrenic) nucleus of Lamina IX
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The Mesencephalic Nucleus of V is associated w/which sensory modality?
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Proprioception
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The spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve is analogus to what nuclear group of the spinal cord?
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Substantia Gelatinosa
Lamina II = Substantia Gelatinosa (Pain Gate) In the head, the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. |
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Sensory and motor cell populations of the brainstem and spinal cord are separated from each other by which structure?
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Sulcus limitans
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Which Lamina is an interneuron pool?
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Lamina VIII
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Which nucleus is associated w/CN IX,X,XI?
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Nucleus Ambiguus
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Motor cells for flexors and extensors of the hand or foot are found in which specific cell population?
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Retrodorsolateral
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All of the following are associated w/exteroreceptors except?
a. pain sensation b. temperature sensation c. unconscious proprioception d. vision e. pressure |
unconscious proprioception is NOT associated with exteroreceptors
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The majority of third order sensory cell (bady) populations for the trunk are located?
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In the ventroposterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus
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Ataxia is a loss of muscular synergy (coordination). Injury to which pathways could lead to ataxia?
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Posterior spinocerebellar tract
Dorsal columns |
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Which Lamina has anterior horn cells, alpha motorneurons and final common pathway?
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Lamina IX
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Which of the following pathways is an uncrossed pathway?
a. lateral spinothalmic tract b. dorsal column medial lemniscal tract c. lateral corticospinal tract d. posterior spinocerebellar tract e. anterior spinothalamic tract |
Posterior spinocerebellar tract is an uncrossed pathway
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All of the following is true of generators potentials except?
a. they require approximately a positive 10mV change to fire b. they are not conducted without decrement c. they can open non-selective Na+ & K+ channels d. They are graded e. they are all or none |
e. they are all or none
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Flexor neurons always lie in what relationship to extensor motorneurons?
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They are more posterior
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Which pathway leads to turning toward a significant audio, visual, or painful stimulus?
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Spinotectal pathway
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What is the primary neurotransmitter of the substantia nigra?
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Dopamine
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The Basal Nuclei develop from which portion of the secondary vesicle?
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Telencephalon
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What is the primary functional role of the basal nuclei?
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modulation of patterns of movement
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Which basal nuclei has an effect on movements of the muscles of the face and jaws?
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Nucleus Accumbens
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Which basal nucleus has a role in the creation of cognitive movement patterns?
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Caudate
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Cerebral Palsy is a disease which has its greates effect on the nerve cells of?
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Basal Nuclei
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