Neuro System Development

Front 1

week that major divisions of central nervous system are present

Back 1

4th week

Front 2

first cells to differentiate in the NS

Back 2

neurons

Front 3

second cells to differentiate in NS

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neuroglia

Front 4

cells that transfer information rapidly from one part of a animal's body to another

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neuron

Front 5

all the neurons of an organism together with their supporting cells, constitute a ...

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nervous system

Front 6

activity of neuron to carry signal from one part of the cell to another

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conduction

Front 7

communication between adjacent cells

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synaptic transmission

Front 8

wave of electrical depolarization that is propagated within the surface membrane of the neuron

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impulse

Front 9

long cytoplasmic processes that end in close apposition to the surfaces of other cells

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neurites

Front 10

ends of neurites

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synaptic terminals

Front 11

cell-to-cell contacts

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synapses

Front 12

conduct toward the cell body

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dendrites

Front 13

conduct away from the cell body

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axons

Front 14

neuron that discharges its chemical products into the circulating blood

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neurosecretory cells

Front 15

first indication of the future NS is the neuroectoderm which contains the ___________ appearing in the dorsal midline of the embryo in the 16 day after fertilization

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neural plate

Front 16

forms 2 days after neural plate is formed

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neural groove and neural fold

Front 17

fusion of neural groove results in ....

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neural tube

Front 18

neuroectodermal cells that are not incorporated into the tube

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neural crests

Front 19

thickened regions of the ectoderm of the head's surface that develop into peripheral nervous elements

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placodes

Front 20

first populations of cells produced in the neural tube (precursors for neurons)

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neuroblasts

Front 21

precursors for the nonneuronal cells of the CNS

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glioblasts

Front 22

primary brain vesicles, appearing at the end of the 4th week

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prosencephalon (forebrain)
mesencephalon (midbrain)
rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

Front 23

secondary brain vesicles, appearing during week 5

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telencephalon
diencephalon
mesencephalon
metencephalon
myelencephalon

Front 24

longitudinal segments of the early embryonic CNS

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neuromeres

Front 25

longitudinal groove in neural tube

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sulcus limitans

Front 26

aquires afferent connections and is bordered by the sulcus limitans

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alar plate

Front 27

aquires efferent connections and is bordered by the sulcus limitans

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basal plate

Front 28

separates the basal laminae of the left and right sides

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floor plate

Front 29

mesencephalon

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midbrain

Front 30

myelencephalon

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medulla oblongata

Front 31

metencephalon

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pons and cerebellum

Front 32

prosencephalon

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diencephalon
telencephalon

Front 33

present in neural tube to help to accommodate the initially cylindrical brain in what will eventually be a round head

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flexures

Front 34

membranous coverings of the brain and spinal cord first appear as a single mesodermally derived....

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primitive meninx

Front 35

neural folds do not fuse at the rostral end of the developing neural tube, so that forebrain, cranial vault, and much of the scalp are missing

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anencephaly

Front 36

failure of the caudal end of the central nervous system to fuse resulting in extensive exposure of nonfunctional nervous tissue in the lumbosacral region

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myelocele

Front 37

myelocele is the most severe type of ...

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spina bifida

Front 38

type of spina bifida in which the spinal cord and its adjacent connective tissue ensheathment are intact, but the overlying mesodermal derivatives are not. Dura mater, vertebral arches, and skin are missing.

Back 38

meningomyelocele

Front 39

if cord remains in the vertebral canal a cyst containing cerebrospinal fluid forms

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meningocele

Front 40

dura and skin remain intact, but one or more bony vertebral arches fail to develop

Back 40

spina bifida occulta

Front 41

cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the ventricles of the brain if its normal flow is obstructed

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hydrocephalus

Front 42

where cell bodies are located

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gray matter

Front 43

dorsal region of midbrain which is concerned principally with the visual and auditory systems

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roof or tectum

Front 44

two prominent motor nuclei in the midbrain

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red nucleus and substantia nigra

Front 45

largest component of the diencephalon and consists ofseveral regions of nuclei, some of which receive data from sensory systems and project to sensory areas of the cerebral cortex

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thalamus

Front 46

part of the diencephalon that includes small tracts and nuclei and pineal gland

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epithalamus

Front 47

principal autonomic center of the brain and has an important controlling influence over the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

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hypothalamus

Front 48

includes sensory tracts that proceed to the thalamus, nerve fibers that originate in the cerebellum and corpus striatum, and the subthalamic nucleus

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subthalamus

Front 49

receive data from the olfactory system, which dominates the cerebrum of lower vertebrates

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cerebral cortex

Front 50

nine-tenths of the human cerebral cortex including areas for all modalities of sensation, motor areas, and large expanses of association cortex

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neocortex

Front 51

part of cortex involved in limbic system

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archicortex

Front 52

large mass of gray matter with motor functions situated near the base of each hemisphere

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corpus striatum

Front 53

consists of fibers that connect cortical areas of the same hemisphere, fibers that cross the midline to connect cortical areas of the two hemispheres

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medullary centers

Front 54

mechanisms of fast antegrade transport

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kinesin/microtubules

Front 55

mechanism of slow antegrade transport

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neurotransmitters in vesicles, mitochondria transport unknown

Front 56

mechanism of fast retrograde

Back 56

dynein/microtubules