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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where are Cranial & Spinal Sensory nerve cell bodies?
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Located outside of CNS
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Where are Autonomic Nervous System Motor nerve cell bodies located?
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Located outside of the CNS
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What are 4 different cell types that develop from Neural Tubular Epithelium?
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1. Neuroblasts (CNS neurons)
2. Glioblasts (macroglia) 3. Ependymoblasts (ependymal cells) 4. Microglia (believed to be of mesodermal origin) |
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What are 6 cells derived from Neural Crest cells?
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1. Sensory ganglia (PNS DRG's & Cranial nerves)
2. Motor Ganglia (PNS Autonomic ganglia) 3. Schwann Cells 4. Chromaffin cells of Adrenal Medulla 5. Melanocytes 6. Head Mesenchyme |
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What are the head components derived from the lateral plate mesoderm?
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Skull
Connective Tissue of the head Dentin |
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What are 2 types of Macroglia (neuroglia)?
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1. Astrocytes
2. Oligodendrocytes |
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What type of glial cell is fibrous & protoplasmic?
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Astrocyte
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What type of glial cell is perineuronal (satellite cells), intrafascicular, & perivascular?
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Oligodendrocytes (CNS)
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Where does neurotubular ectoderm come from?
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Neural ectoderm forms the neural plate, which folds over onto itself forming the neural tubule
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What 2 types of pre-cursor cells do neurons develop from?
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1. Neurotubular epithelium
2. Neural crest |
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What gives rise to neurons of the CNS neuroglia & ependymal cells?
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Neurotubular epithelium
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What gives rise to neurons of the PNS (i.e. sensory cells of the spinal ganglia and motor cells of the autonomic ganglia)
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Neural Crest
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What are some characteristics that neurons can be characterized by?
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Neuron Classification Characteristics
1. Process Length (short, long) 2. Number of Processes (Pseudo-unipolar, Bipolar, Multipolar) 3. Myelination 4. Fiber Diameter &Conduction Velocity |
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What are Neuroglia?
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Nerve Glue
1. Guide migration of neurons from epithelium to their adult locations 2. Establish neural circuit patterns 3. Different voltage dependant ion channels 4. Produce growth & tropic factors 5. Maintenance of environment 6. Immunologic response to various toxic and infectious agents |
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What types of neural cells have monocytic function?
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Microglia (considered to be of mesodermal origin)
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What is the difference between oligodendricytes & Schwann cells?
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Schwann cell only myelinated one process at a time
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What is the Largest & Most numerous glial cell?
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Astrocytes
Stellate shaped cell body |
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Which type of astrocyte is primarily in White Matter and has Perivascular Feet?
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Fibrous Astrocyte
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Which type of astrocyte is found mostly in gray matter?
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Protoplasmic Astrocyte
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How do Astrocytes insure stability of CNS environment?
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1. Regulate extracellular K+
2. Control extracellular glutamate (excitatory) & GABA (inhibitory) 3. Modulating energy needs in neurons |
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What are the functions of Astrocytes?
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1. Insure stability of CNS
2. Involved in recognition systems which guide axon elongation 3. Blood Brain barrier 4. Laying down filamentous components when neuron is injured 5. Form glial scars in severe brain damage |
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Where are oligodendrocytes most numerous?
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Oligodendrocytes most numerous in white matter
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What are 2 types of Oligodendrocytes?
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Perineuronal (satellite) cells
Interfasicular |
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What are the properties of Interfasicular oligodendrocytes?
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1. found in white matter
2. Form & maintain myelin sheaths in CNS. (Can Myelinate from 7-70 axons) 3. Can attempt remyelination in damaged processes 4. Remyelination in damaged processes 5. pH regulation using carbonic anhydrase |
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What is found in both white and gray matter, activated by inflammatory processes, take part in the shaping of neuronal circuits during development?
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Microglia
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What lines ventricles and central canal of spinal cord, has numerous microvilli, helps form choroid plexus?
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Ependymal glial cells
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What nervous system is the site of percetion and the integration of sensory information, as well as, initiation and coordination of motor activity
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CNS
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What are the lobes of the cerebral cortex?
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1. Frontal
2. Parietal 3. Occipital 4. Temporal 5. Insula |
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What cortex is 6-layered also known as homotypical, isocortex, neocortex, neopallium and superior limbic?
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Homogenetic Cortex
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