Neuro Quiz 3-Ta

Front 1

What are the 4 subsection of the spinal cord?

Back 1

1) Cervical
2) Thoracic
3) Lumbar
4) Sacral

Front 2

How many cervical nerves?

Back 2

8

Front 3

How many thoracic nerves?

Back 3

12

Front 4

How many lumbar nerves?

Back 4

5 (pairs)

Front 5

How many sacral nerves?

Back 5

5

Front 6

Area of skin innervated by afferent fibres from a single spinal cord segment is known as:

Back 6

Dermatomes

Front 7

Are dermatomes present on face?

Back 7

Yes

Front 8

Which branch do dermatomes in the face correspond to?

Back 8

CN V (three branches)

Front 9

What is the purpose of meninges?

Back 9

Stabilize the shape and position of the CNS

Front 10

How do meninges achieve stabilizing the shape and position of the CNS?

Back 10

They suspend the CNS within it, which in turn are anchored to the skull.

Front 11

What does the layer of CSF within the meninges provide?

Back 11

A buoyant fluid environment

Front 12

Why does the brain benefit from a buoyant fluid environment?

Back 12

It maintains its shape and stays undistorted in a buoyant fluid environment.

-Prevents deformation of brain
-Reduces effective weight from 1500 g to 50g

Front 13

What does meninges mean?

Back 13

Meninx-membrane

Front 14

What are the three layers of connective tissue coverings that enclose the brain and spinal cord?

Back 14

1) Dura mater
2) Arachnoid
3) Pia mater

Front 15

What are the layers of connective tissue coverings that enclose the brain and spinal cord known as?

Back 15

Meningeal layers

Front 16

Outermost meningeal layer of the brain

Back 16

Dura mater

(tough mother)

Front 17

Innermost meningeal layer of the brain

Back 17

Pia

Front 18

Middle meningeal layer of the brain

Back 18

Arachnoid

(does NOT follow contours of brain)

Front 19

Dura mater provides _______ support

Back 19

Mechanical

Front 20

What are the two fused layers of the dura mater?

Back 20

1) Periosteal layer
-(against bone of skull)

2) Meningeal layer
-(below)

Front 21

Dura mater is supplied by two things. What are they?

Back 21

1) Blood vessels
2) Nerves

Front 22

Which menengial layer divides the cranium?

Back 22

Dura mater

Front 23

This septa is between the cerebral hemispheres (free edge follows the corpus callosum)

Back 23

Falx cerebri

Front 24

This is the transverse septum separating the occipital lobe from the cerebellum

Back 24

Tentorium cerebelli

Front 25

This is the septum between the cerebellar hemispheres

Back 25

Falx cerebelli

Front 26

This adheres to inner surface of meningeal layer of dura – does NOT follow contours of brain

Back 26

Arachnoid

Front 27

What is the purpose of the arachnoid layer?

Back 27

Protective layer

Front 28

What is the arachnoid layer anchored by?

Back 28

Pial membrane below by *arachnoid trabeculae**

Front 29

What is within the subarachnoid space?

Back 29

1) CSF
2) Arachnoid trabeculae

Front 30

These are larger CSF-filled pockets where brain and skull are further apart

Back 30

Subarachnoid cisterns

-Cerebellomedullary cistern (cistern magna)
-Pontine cistern
-Interpeduncular cistern

Front 31

Arachnoid + pia =

Back 31

Leptomeninges

Front 32

This meningeal layer is highly vascular as a result of the numerous blood vessels that enter and exit brain and spinal cord

Back 32

Pia Mater

Front 33

Periosteal dura and meningeal dura divide where?

Back 33

Superior sagittal sinus

Front 34

What are the significant meningeal pathologies? (3)

Back 34

1) Meningitis
2) Epidural hematoma
3) Subdural hematoma

--Rigid dura matter can compress brain structures (falx and tentorium)

Front 35

This is a meningeal pathology where there is bleeding within dura

Back 35

Epidural hematoma

Front 36

This is a meningeal pathology:
Bleeding near dura arachnoid interface

Back 36

Subdural hematoma

Front 37

What is the structure and shape of lateral ventricles?

Back 37

-Paired, one in each hemisphere
-C-shaped cavity

Front 38

What is the location of the lateral ventricles?

Back 38

-parietal lobe
-anterior, posterior and inferior horns
-extending into the frontal, occipital, and temporal lobes, respectively

Front 39

Where do lumbar punctures usually occur?

Back 39

L3/4 or L4/5

Front 40

Adult spinal cord ends about L1/L2. but spinal dural/arachnoid sheath extends to about S2, leaving a large cistern, the _____ ______

Back 40

Lumbar cistern

Front 41

How many dura layers in the spinal cord?

How many dura layers in the brain?

Back 41

Spinal cord: 1 dura layers
Brain: 2 dura layers

Front 42

What is the epidural space?

(not supposed to be there but can open up due to a bleed/trauma)

Back 42

Potential space between upper dura layer and cranium

Front 43

Structure that secretes CSF and is located primarily in the center of the lateral and fourth ventricles

Back 43

Choroid plexus

Front 44

This extends from arachnoid to pia matter and contributes to the maintenance of the subarachnoid space

Back 44

Arachnoid trabeculae

Front 45

If the measurement of the pressure of the CSF is abnormally high, one may suspect (5)

Back 45

Intracranial tumor
Intracranial hemorrhage
Hydrocephalus
Meningitis
Encephalitis

Front 46

This is a complication of high pressure of CSF and can be described as:

Sustained pressure causes enlargement of the ventricles and damage to the surrounding vital cortical tissues.

Back 46

Encephalitis

Front 47

What is encephalitis due to?

Back 47

Compression of the surrounding white and gray matters

Front 48

What is the treatment for hydrocephalus?

Back 48

Surgery:
-Tube is placed in ventricular cavity and will divert CSF to flow in peritoneal cavity

-The procedure involved diverting the blocked ventricular CSF to another cavity

Front 49

Explain the location and shape of the third ventricle

Back 49

It is a small slit between the thalami

Front 50

What is the shape of the fourth ventricle?

Back 50

-Tent-shaped roof, two lateral walls, and a floor

Front 51

Explain the structure of the fourth ventricle

Back 51

Three small openings:
1-2) The two lateral foramine of Luschka
3) The median foramen of Magendie

Front 52

What is the function of the fourth ventricle?

Back 52

CSF enters the subarachnoid through these openings (fourth ventricle)

Front 53

Ventricles are lined with a layer of ________ cells.

Back 53

Ependymal

Front 54

What do the ependymal prevent?

Back 54

They prevent infusion of external substances into the cerebrospinal fluid.

Front 55

The CSF circulates from the ______ to the _________ _____

Back 55

Ventricles, Subarachnoid space

Front 56

The CSF fluid aids in:
1) _______ of intracranial pressure
2) ________ of the nervous system
3) ______ of waste products

Back 56

1) Regulation
2) Nourishment
3) Removal

Front 57

Pathway of CSF Circulation:

-Lateral ventricles into the ___ ventricle via _____ _____
-Flows from the ___ ventricle to the ___ ventricle through the ______ ______
-Flows from the ___ ventricle into the _______ space through three apertures
-Travels to reach the inferior surface of the ______ and moves superiorly over the lateral aspect of each hemisphere

Back 57

-3rd, Monro's foramen
-3rd, 4th, cerebral aqueduct
-4th, subarachnoid
-Cerebrum

Front 58

Some CSF moves into the ______ space around the spinal cord

Back 58

subarachnoid

Front 59

What is dura mater AKA

Back 59

Pachymenix

Front 60

The _____ mater contains the venous sinuses that drain blood from the brain

Back 60

Dura

Front 61

Which dura mater layer invaginates?

Back 61

Meningeal

Front 62

What is the function of invaginations?

Back 62

1) divide intracranial space
2) support brain

Front 63

Invaginations are called _____

Back 63

Septa

(singular: septum)

Front 64

Name the 3 important septum

Back 64

1) Falx cerebri
2) Tentorium cerebelli
3) Falx cerebelli

Front 65

Which dura layer covers the spinal cord?

Back 65

Meningeal

Front 66

Where is the true epidural space?

Back 66

Between the spinal dura and vertebral periosteum