Neuro Quiz 2

Front 1

The ______ Lobe governs emotional responses, drive and memory

Back 1

Limbic

Front 2

Limbic Means what?

Back 2

Border or rim

Front 3

The limbic lobe encircles what two structures?

Back 3

the corpus callosum and diencephalon

Front 4

What are the three parts of the corpus callosum?

Back 4

Body
Genu
Spleenium

Front 5

The limbic system includes the oldest and most primitive cortex called the?

Back 5

Rhinencephalon

Front 6

Diencephalon means

Back 6

Between the Brain

Front 7

Name the three parts of the corpus callosum

Back 7

Body
Genu
Spleenium

Front 8

The ____ area helps shape behavioral reaction to sensory input through analysis, reaction, and remembrance of stimuli, situations, reactions, and results

Back 8

Limbic Area

Front 9

Contralateral means

Back 9

Opposite side

Front 10

Ipsilateral means

Back 10

Same side

Front 11

Decussate means

Back 11

Cross over

Front 12

Another term for montor neuron

Back 12

Corticospinal

Front 13

Name two exceptions to the contralateral control

Back 13

Axons of afferents and lower motor neurons
Cerebellum
Auditory inputs
Thalamus
Cerebral Cortex
Olfactory
Taste

Front 14

What is topographical organization?

Back 14

Body maps in the brain

Front 15

Topographical organization maps of the brain are

Back 15

Inverted
(foot representation at top of brain, mouth represented inferiorly)

Front 16

If you have two stroke patients, one with non-functioning right arm and hand and the other with right leg and foot. Which one would be a more severe client?

Back 16

Right arm and hand: because the arm and hand are topographically located closer to the oral structures

Front 17

Homunculus means

Back 17

Little Man

Front 18

What is somatotopic mapphing?

Back 18

point-for-point correspondence of an area of the body to a specific point on the somatosensory and motor cortex

Front 19

Cerebellum means

Back 19

Little Brain

Front 20

Subdivisions of CNS:

Central Nervous System (2)

Back 20

Brain and Spinal Cord

Front 21

Subdivisions of CNS:

Brain (3)

Back 21

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brainstem

Front 22

Subdivisions of CNS:

Brainstem (3)

Back 22

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

Front 23

Subdivisions of CNS:

Cerebrum (2)

Back 23

Diencephalon
Cerebral hemispheres

Front 24

Subdivisions of CNS:

Diencephalon (2)

Back 24

Thalamus
Hypothalamus

Front 25

Subdivisions of CNS:

Cerebral Hemispheres (3)

Back 25

Cerebral cortex
Basal Ganglia
Hippocampus
amygdala

Front 26

Communication within the brain occurs via ______ _______

Back 26

Myelinated axons

Front 27

What connects cortical areas within a hemisphere?

Back 27

Association fibers

Front 28

Association fibers provide
(3) things

Back 28

Important two-way communication
Basis of cortical networks
lesions in these pathways result in disconnection syndromes

Front 29

Conduction Aphasia occurs with disconnections in association fibers. What is the main problem?

Back 29

Problem with repeating words

Front 30

What fibers connect areas around a sulcus?

Back 30

Short association fibers OR
U-shaped arcuate fibers (U fibers)

(SMALL TRACTS)

Front 31

What fibers connect different lobes of the brain?

Back 31

Long association fibers

Front 32

Long association fibers are commonly called a

Back 32

fasiculus

Front 33

Name two of the long association fiber bundles

Back 33

Superior longitudinal Fasciculus
Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus
Arcuate Fasciculus
Uncinate Fasciculus
Cingulum

Front 34

What structure connects the occipital and frontal lobes: giving off collateral to pariental and temporal lobes
(runs lateral and dorsal to CC)

Back 34

Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus

Front 35

What structure connects the temporal and occipital lobes
(Runs beneath lateral fissure and insula)

Back 35

Inferior Longitudinal fasciculus

Front 36

What structure is C-shaped connecting the temporal, parietal and front lobes. Connects auditory areas with Broca's area and travels with superior longitudinal fasciculus

Back 36

Arcuate Fasciculus

Front 37

What structure connects the orbitofrontal cortex with the temporal lobe

Back 37

Uncinate fasciculus

Front 38

What is the main connection pathway for limbic functions
(C-shaped fiber tract connecting the frontal, parietal and temporal lobe)

Back 38

Cingulum

-Projects posteriorly and continues as isthmus of cingulate gyrus and continues as parahippocampal gyrus

Front 39

What fibers are bidirectional connections between the cortex and spinal cord/brainstem

Back 39

Projection Fibers

Front 40

What is the structure that contains the descending fibers concentrated in the interal capsule as the fibers leave the cortex?

Back 40

Corona Radiata

Front 41

The internal capsule is composed of three parts

Back 41

Anterior limb
posterior limb
genu

Front 42

The anterior limb of the internal capsule contains???

Back 42

Coricothalmic and thalamocortical fibers

Front 43

The genu of the internal capsule contain what?

Back 43

Corticobulbar fibers that descend to innervate cranial nuclei

Front 44

What part of the internal capsule is important for speech and motor processes?

Back 44

The genu

Front 45

The posterior limb of the internal capsule contains what??

Back 45

Corticospinal fibers that project to spinal motor neurons

Front 46

What connects the corresponding or homologous cortical areas in both hemispheres?

Back 46

The commissural Fibers

Front 47

What is the largest commissural fiber?

Back 47

The Corpus Callosum

Front 48

What is the older term for medulla?

Back 48

Bulb

Front 49

Corticobulbar motor neuron means it starts where and ends where?

Back 49

in the cortex to the medulla (bulb = old term for medulla)

Front 50

What fiber connects corresponding or h omologous cortical areas in both hemispheres?

Back 50

Commissural fibers

Front 51

What fibers pass through the splenium of the CC?

Back 51

Occipital/Temporal

Front 52

What fibers pass through the body of the CC?

Back 52

Parietal Fibers

Front 53

What fibers pass through the rostrum, genu and anterior body of the CC?

Back 53

Frontal Lobe Fibers

Front 54

Which areas do not connect across the hemispheres?

Back 54

Primary sensory and motor areas

(slide with commissural fibers)
(Only connected with association fibers)

Front 55

Name two other commissural fibers

Back 55

Anterior commisure
(anterior to thalamus)
(connect temporal gyri and olfactory areas)
Posterior commissure
(ventral to pineal gland, connects midbrain and diencephalon) Important in pupillary light reflex

Front 56

All sensory information except smell goes through what structure?

Back 56

Thalamus
(call the sensory way station)

Front 57

What structure is a major visceral center of the brain and involved in limbic system functions?

Back 57

Hypothalamus

Front 58

What structure is critical to autonomic and endocrine function?

Back 58

Hypothalamus

Front 59

What structure controls several aspects of emotional behavior such as rage, aggression and escape behavior?

Back 59

Hypothalamus

Front 60

What structure regulates body temperature, food and water intake, sexual and sleep behavior?

Back 60

Hypothalamus

Front 61

What structure exerts neural control over the pituitary gland, which releases hormones?

Back 61

Hypothalamus

Front 62

What are the five structures of the basal ganglia?

Back 62

Caudate Nucleus
Putamen
Globus pallidus
Substantia Nigra
Subthalamic nucleus

Front 63

What two parts make up the substantia nigra in the basal ganglia?

Back 63

Pars compacta
Pars reticulata

Front 64

What two parts of the basal ganglia make up the striatum?

Back 64

Caudate Nucleus and Putamen

Front 65

What two parts of the basal ganglia make up the lentiform/lenticular nucleus?

Back 65

Putamen
Globus Pallidus

Front 66

Input to the basal ganglia through the ________ receives afferents from all four lobes of the cortex, thalamic nuclei, and the pars compacta

Back 66

Striatum

Front 67

Name the three main functions of the basal ganglia
M, V, I

Back 67

Movement coordination/sequencing
Voluntary movement
initiation of speech motor programs

Front 68

Damage to the caudate and putamen result in what?

Back 68

Articulatory sequencing deficit, neurogenic stuttering

Front 69

What are the two disorders associated with the basal ganglia?

Back 69

Parkinson's disease
Huntington's chorea

Front 70

Parkinson's disease = degeneration of the _______ of the ________ results in the reduction of the availability of dopamine

Back 70

Pars compacta
Substantia nigra

Front 71

Parkinson's disease results in hypokinesia. What is hypokinesia?

Back 71

Reduced motor movements

Front 72

Name the three lobes of the cerebellum

Back 72

Spinocerebellum
Cerebrocerebellum
Vestibulocerebellum OR Floculonodgular

Front 73

Damage to the _________ can lead to ataxic dysarthria. (irregular articulatory breakdown, slow rate, prosodic changes, harshness, excessive loudness, voice tremor)

Back 73

Cerebellum

Front 74

What lobe of the cerebellum is responsible for regulation of muscle tone, coordination of skilled voluntary movement?

Back 74

Spinocerebellum

Front 75

What lobe of the cerebellum is responsible for planning and modulation, voluntary activity, storage of procedural memories

Back 75

Cerebrocerebellum

Front 76

What lobe of the cerebellum is responsible for maintenance of balance, control of eye movements?

Back 76

Vestibulocerebellum

Front 77

The midbrain is also called what?

Back 77

Mesencephalon

Front 78

Anatomy of Brainstem:

Tectum =

Back 78

Superior and inferior colliculi

Front 79

Anatomy of the brainstem:

Crus Cerebri (cerebral peduncle) contains what fibers descending to the spine?

Back 79

Corticospinal, corticobulbar and corticopontine

Front 80

Anatomy of the brainstem:

The Tegmentum contains all______ and many of the ______ systems of the spinal cord or lower brainstem

Back 80

Ascending and descending

Front 81

This structure is a massive rounded structure that serves in part as a connection to the cerebellar hemispheres

Back 81

Pons

Front 82

Pons means ______ in Latin. Because it is the ______ to the ______.

Back 82

Bridge (x2)
Cerebellum

Front 83

What structure is formed by the decussation of motor fibers traveling from the precentral gyrus to the spinal cord?

Back 83

Pyramidal decussation

Front 84

Posterior to the medulla oblongata are the what?

Back 84

Olives

Front 85

What are the olives in the medulla oblongata?

Back 85

Important way station on the pathways of the auditory nervous system

Front 86

Medulla oblongata is important for what nerve fibers?

Back 86

The cranial nerves

Front 87

The dorsal collins of the spinal cord = what type of fibers?

Back 87

Sensory

Front 88

The anterior collins of the spinal cord = what type of fibers?

Back 88

Motor

Front 89

What direction anatomically do sensory nerves come in?

Back 89

Dorsally

Front 90

What direction anatomically do motor nerves go out?

Back 90

Ventrally