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49 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Iris
Sympathetic - Mydriasis (dilates)
Parasympathetic - Miosis (constricts)
Bronchial Tubes
S - dilates
P - constricts
Salivary Glands
S - stimulates thick secretions, dry mouth
P - stimulates profuse, watery secretions
Heart
S - Increases rate and strength of contraction
P - Decreases rate, no effect on strength of contraction
Blood Vessels
S - generally constrict, increased BP
P - No effect for many
Sweat Glands
S - stimulate sweat production
P - may cause sweating
Intestine - Adrenergic
inhibits motility - possible constipation
relaxes smooth muscle
decrease gastric secretions
decreased insulin production
Intestine - Cholinergic
stimulates motility and secretion
contacts smooth muscle
increase gastric secretion
sphincter relaxes
Salivary Glands
S - stimulates thick, viscous secretion
P - stimulates profuse, watery secretion
Liver
S - stimulates glycogen breakdown for energy, increased glycogenolysis
P - no effect
Adrenal Medulla
S - stimulates secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine
P - no effect
Bladder
S - relaxes bladder, sphincter contracts
P - contacts bladder, sphincter relaxes
Sex Organs (male)
S - constricts bld vessels, ejaculation
P - dilates bld vessels, erection
Adrenergic Drugs - other names
sympathetic, sympathomimetic - mimic the action of the sympathetic nervous system, synthetic preparations of epinephrine and norepinephrine
Epinephrine (adrenaline)
adrenergic - used for bronchospasms, asthma, cardiac arrest, and anaphylaxis
Ephedrine
adrenergic
to raise BP, nasal decongestant or bronchodilation
Dopamine (Intropin)
adrenergic
increase BP, cardiotonic, used in shock, inotropic effect (increase contraction strength of heart) - Needs continuous monitoring
Dobutamine (Dobutrex)
Increase cardiac Output, Inotropic and HR. Used to treat heart failure. - Need continuous monitoring
Pseudoephedrine
adrenergic
sudafed - decongestant
Rarely used adrenergics
Isoproterenol (Isuprel) - asthma or brochospasm, heart block or ventricular arrhythmia
Metaraminol (Aramine) - increase BP in shock
norepinephrine (Levophed) - septic shock?
Adrenergic CNS actions
wakefulness, quick reaction to stimuli, quickened reflexes
Adrenergic PNS actions
relaxation of the smooth muscles of the bronchi, constriction of blood vessels and sphincters of the stomach, dilation of coronary bld vessels, decrease in gastric motility
adrenergic drugs cause
cardiac stimulation
increased blood flow to skeletal muscles
peripheral vasoconstriction - increased blood pressure, sudafed
bronchodilation - albuterol
dilation of pupils
You cannot use opthalmic ______ in glaucoma patients
atropine
adverse reactions adrenergics
palpitations, nervousness or tremor, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, anginal pain, HTN, tissue necrosis - when applied topically to laceration of periphery (nose, fingers, or toes), hyperglycemia, HA, insomnia
Contraindications of adrenergics
angina
HTN
cardiac arrhythmias
organic brain damage
coronary insufficiency
angle-closure glaucoma
hyperthyroidism
adrenergic cautions
check dosages very carefully and give only in small amts - sq, im, iv
Nursing Mgmt for adrenergics
Monitor VS - dosage adjust according to BP
patient requires supervision, frequent VS
monitor HR and rhythm, EKG
large vein, monitor for extravasation/infiltration
monitor urinary output
monitor blood sugar
Adrenergic Blockers
drugs that block the action of the sympathetic nervous system
4 categories of adrenergic blockers
alpha-adrenergic blocker
beta-adrenergic blocker
alpha/beta adrenergic blocker
antiadrenergic agent (adrenergic inhibitor)
Alpha cells are primarily in the smooth muscle tissue of peripheral bld vessels and sphincters of the ____ and ____ systems
GI and GU
alpha-adrenergic blockers produce greatest effect on alpha receptors of adrenergic nerves that control the ______ system
vascular
alpha-adrenergic blockers actions
vasodilation (blocking the effect of adrenergics)
Phentolamine (Regitine)
Cardura
alpha-adrenergic blockers - used for vasodilating effect of peripheral blood vessels. May be beneficial for the tx of htn dur to pheochromocytoma
alpha-adrenergic blocker adverse rxn
cardaic arrhythmias
hypotension and techycardia
Beta 1 cells
stimulates increase in HR
Beta 2 cells
stimulates relaxation of smooth muscle in bronchi, uterine relax, peripheral arterial blood vessel dilation
beta-adrenergic blockers produce the greatest effect on beta-receptors primarily of the ____
heart
beta-adrenergic blockers uses
HTN, cardiac arrythmias, migraine HA (Inderol) Angina
Early stages of CHF
stops remodeling of heart
beta-adrenergic adverse rxn
decrease BP, HR, fatigue, lethargy, N/V, Decreases BS, Confusion, Dizziness, Vertigo, Bronchospasm (esp asthma)
beta-adrenergic ophthalmic adverse rxn
HA, depression, cardiac arrhythmias, and bronchospasms
beta-adrenergic blockers contraindications
AV block (See EKG), Decrease BP, asthma, diabetes, late stages of CHF
beta-adrenergic blockers interactions
digitalis, insulin/oral diabetic agents, aminophylline, isuprel, epinephrine, alcohol
Nursing Mgmt beta-adrenergic blockers
BP in both arms before 1st dose
withhold if HR less than 60 and notify MD
Antiadrenergic Agent (adrenergic inhibitor)
blocks adrenergic nerve bifers within the CNS with PNS
used primarily to tx HTN
Commonly used with diuretics
2 groups of antiadrenergic agents
1. peripherally acting - reduces effects of norepinephrine nerve endings to decrease sympathetic vasoconstriction - Ismelin, Cardura, Hytrin, Minipress
2. Centrally Acting (CNS) - stimulates CNS therefore inhibiting vasoconstriction and HR elevation, which reduces peripheral resistance - Catapress (Clonidine) used in renal failure by halting aldosterone/renin cycle, Aldomet, Tenex
Antiadrenergic Agents uses
certain cardiac arrhythmias and HTN, and renal failure patients PRN
Antiadrenergic Agents adverse rxn
centrally acting: dry mouth, drowsiness, sedation, anorexia, rash, malaise, weakness
peripherally acting: hypotension, weakness, lightheadedness, bradycardia
Alpha/Beta adrenergic blocking agents
Nomodyne, Coreg
block stimulation of alpha and beta adrenergic receptors resulting in peripheral vasodilation

used in HTN alone or with diuretic

More potent