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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Iris
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Sympathetic - Mydriasis (dilates)
Parasympathetic - Miosis (constricts) |
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Bronchial Tubes
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S - dilates
P - constricts |
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Salivary Glands
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S - stimulates thick secretions, dry mouth
P - stimulates profuse, watery secretions |
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Heart
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S - Increases rate and strength of contraction
P - Decreases rate, no effect on strength of contraction |
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Blood Vessels
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S - generally constrict, increased BP
P - No effect for many |
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Sweat Glands
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S - stimulate sweat production
P - may cause sweating |
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Intestine - Adrenergic
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inhibits motility - possible constipation
relaxes smooth muscle decrease gastric secretions decreased insulin production |
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Intestine - Cholinergic
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stimulates motility and secretion
contacts smooth muscle increase gastric secretion sphincter relaxes |
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Salivary Glands
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S - stimulates thick, viscous secretion
P - stimulates profuse, watery secretion |
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Liver
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S - stimulates glycogen breakdown for energy, increased glycogenolysis
P - no effect |
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Adrenal Medulla
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S - stimulates secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine
P - no effect |
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Bladder
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S - relaxes bladder, sphincter contracts
P - contacts bladder, sphincter relaxes |
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Sex Organs (male)
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S - constricts bld vessels, ejaculation
P - dilates bld vessels, erection |
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Adrenergic Drugs - other names
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sympathetic, sympathomimetic - mimic the action of the sympathetic nervous system, synthetic preparations of epinephrine and norepinephrine
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Epinephrine (adrenaline)
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adrenergic - used for bronchospasms, asthma, cardiac arrest, and anaphylaxis
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Ephedrine
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adrenergic
to raise BP, nasal decongestant or bronchodilation |
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Dopamine (Intropin)
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adrenergic
increase BP, cardiotonic, used in shock, inotropic effect (increase contraction strength of heart) - Needs continuous monitoring |
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Dobutamine (Dobutrex)
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Increase cardiac Output, Inotropic and HR. Used to treat heart failure. - Need continuous monitoring
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Pseudoephedrine
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adrenergic
sudafed - decongestant |
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Rarely used adrenergics
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Isoproterenol (Isuprel) - asthma or brochospasm, heart block or ventricular arrhythmia
Metaraminol (Aramine) - increase BP in shock norepinephrine (Levophed) - septic shock? |
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Adrenergic CNS actions
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wakefulness, quick reaction to stimuli, quickened reflexes
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Adrenergic PNS actions
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relaxation of the smooth muscles of the bronchi, constriction of blood vessels and sphincters of the stomach, dilation of coronary bld vessels, decrease in gastric motility
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adrenergic drugs cause
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cardiac stimulation
increased blood flow to skeletal muscles peripheral vasoconstriction - increased blood pressure, sudafed bronchodilation - albuterol dilation of pupils |
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You cannot use opthalmic ______ in glaucoma patients
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atropine
|
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adverse reactions adrenergics
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palpitations, nervousness or tremor, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, anginal pain, HTN, tissue necrosis - when applied topically to laceration of periphery (nose, fingers, or toes), hyperglycemia, HA, insomnia
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Contraindications of adrenergics
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angina
HTN cardiac arrhythmias organic brain damage coronary insufficiency angle-closure glaucoma hyperthyroidism |
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adrenergic cautions
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check dosages very carefully and give only in small amts - sq, im, iv
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Nursing Mgmt for adrenergics
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Monitor VS - dosage adjust according to BP
patient requires supervision, frequent VS monitor HR and rhythm, EKG large vein, monitor for extravasation/infiltration monitor urinary output monitor blood sugar |
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Adrenergic Blockers
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drugs that block the action of the sympathetic nervous system
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4 categories of adrenergic blockers
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alpha-adrenergic blocker
beta-adrenergic blocker alpha/beta adrenergic blocker antiadrenergic agent (adrenergic inhibitor) |
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Alpha cells are primarily in the smooth muscle tissue of peripheral bld vessels and sphincters of the ____ and ____ systems
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GI and GU
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alpha-adrenergic blockers produce greatest effect on alpha receptors of adrenergic nerves that control the ______ system
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vascular
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alpha-adrenergic blockers actions
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vasodilation (blocking the effect of adrenergics)
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Phentolamine (Regitine)
Cardura |
alpha-adrenergic blockers - used for vasodilating effect of peripheral blood vessels. May be beneficial for the tx of htn dur to pheochromocytoma
|
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alpha-adrenergic blocker adverse rxn
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cardaic arrhythmias
hypotension and techycardia |
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Beta 1 cells
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stimulates increase in HR
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Beta 2 cells
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stimulates relaxation of smooth muscle in bronchi, uterine relax, peripheral arterial blood vessel dilation
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beta-adrenergic blockers produce the greatest effect on beta-receptors primarily of the ____
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heart
|
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beta-adrenergic blockers uses
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HTN, cardiac arrythmias, migraine HA (Inderol) Angina
Early stages of CHF stops remodeling of heart |
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beta-adrenergic adverse rxn
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decrease BP, HR, fatigue, lethargy, N/V, Decreases BS, Confusion, Dizziness, Vertigo, Bronchospasm (esp asthma)
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beta-adrenergic ophthalmic adverse rxn
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HA, depression, cardiac arrhythmias, and bronchospasms
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beta-adrenergic blockers contraindications
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AV block (See EKG), Decrease BP, asthma, diabetes, late stages of CHF
|
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beta-adrenergic blockers interactions
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digitalis, insulin/oral diabetic agents, aminophylline, isuprel, epinephrine, alcohol
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Nursing Mgmt beta-adrenergic blockers
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BP in both arms before 1st dose
withhold if HR less than 60 and notify MD |
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Antiadrenergic Agent (adrenergic inhibitor)
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blocks adrenergic nerve bifers within the CNS with PNS
used primarily to tx HTN Commonly used with diuretics |
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2 groups of antiadrenergic agents
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1. peripherally acting - reduces effects of norepinephrine nerve endings to decrease sympathetic vasoconstriction - Ismelin, Cardura, Hytrin, Minipress
2. Centrally Acting (CNS) - stimulates CNS therefore inhibiting vasoconstriction and HR elevation, which reduces peripheral resistance - Catapress (Clonidine) used in renal failure by halting aldosterone/renin cycle, Aldomet, Tenex |
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Antiadrenergic Agents uses
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certain cardiac arrhythmias and HTN, and renal failure patients PRN
|
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Antiadrenergic Agents adverse rxn
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centrally acting: dry mouth, drowsiness, sedation, anorexia, rash, malaise, weakness
peripherally acting: hypotension, weakness, lightheadedness, bradycardia |
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Alpha/Beta adrenergic blocking agents
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Nomodyne, Coreg
block stimulation of alpha and beta adrenergic receptors resulting in peripheral vasodilation used in HTN alone or with diuretic More potent |