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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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normal pregnancy length
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40 weeks
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term deliver is __ and over
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37 weeks
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premature is
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under 37 weeks
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limit of viability is
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22/23 weeks
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high bp causes
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small for gestational age
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color vision by what age
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3 months
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extraocular movements CNs
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3,4,6
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when baby should be able to fix and follow
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1 month
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CN 5 does
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facial sensation, mastication
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how to test cn 5
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rooting reflex (sucking strength)
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suck, swallow should be developed by
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32 weeks
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Assymetric withdrawl of arms may indicate
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Erb's palsy (brachial plexus)
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cerebellar exam performed at
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4 months
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moro reflex
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test startle should be symmetric 32 weeks to 6 months
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palmar grasp
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32 weeks-2 months
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rooting reflex
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32weeks -
turn head to side of face being stroked |
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tonic neck
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aka fencing
ends at 6-7 months |
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place stepping reflex
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37 weeks-6 months
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focus on face
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2 weeks
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track with eyes
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1 month
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hold up head
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1-2 months
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reach out with hands
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3-4 months
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roll over
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3-5 months
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sit up independently
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6-9 months
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crawl
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7-11 months
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cooing vowels
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1-2 months
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babbling consonants
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5-8 months
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purposeful words
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11-14 months
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identifying items
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11-14 months
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2 word sentences
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24 months
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parachute response
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frontal extension of arms to hold baby when tilted forward
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riding reflex
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putting hand to brace body when falling to the side from a sitting position
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lumbar puncture in babies at
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l4/l5
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ultrasound good for
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bleeding in brain but not stroke
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Ct
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bleeds, calcifications
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MRI
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developmental malforations, hypoxia, gray/white deformation
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Brainstem evoked potentials test
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ability to hear
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0-8 weeks injury
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genetic
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8-20 weeks injury
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neuronal migration
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20-32 weeks
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white matter injury
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over 32 weeks injury
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strokes or gray matter injury
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occipital encephalomeningocele
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genetic 0-8 week injury
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frontal bone aplasia
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congenital brain malformation 0-8 weeks
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lissencephaly
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neuronal migration problem 8-20 weeks
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periventricular heterotopia
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gray matter in wrong spot (around ventricles) neuronal migration problem 8-20 weeks
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hemimegalencephaly
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one side of brain larger neuronal migration problem 8-20 weeks
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schizencephaly
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tiny stroke neuronal migration problem 8-20 weeks
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IVH
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white matter injury 20-32 weeks
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periventricular leukomalacia
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bad white matter around ventricles
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hyperbilirubinemia
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gray matter injury over 32 weeks
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deep gray matter stained from too much bilirubin
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kernicterus
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hypoxia/ischemia
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gray matter injury over 32 weeks
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spinal muscular atrophy
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failure to control programmed cell death of neurons
aka Werdnig Hoffman |
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consequence of failure of programmed death in glia
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agenesis of the corpus callosum
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neurons in the wrong spot are called
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heterotopia
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development of dendritic processes
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cytodifferentiation
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cranioarachischisis
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anencephalic with open spinal cord all the way down
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holoprosencephaly
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failure of the prosencephalon to form
one big ventricle |
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can be a cause of holoproscencephaly
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trisomy 13
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porencephaly
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connection of subarachnoid with ventricles
migrational defect |
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lissencephaly
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smooth brain
migrational problem |
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pachygyra
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absence of sulci between gyri
migrational problem |
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cortical heterotopia
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clumps of gray matter in the wrong place
migrational problem |
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phakomatoses
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inherited lesion of skin associated with CNS or PNS
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tuberous sclerosis
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abnormal thickened gyrus refered to as a tuber
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abnormal neurons and cells that are somewhere between a neuron and a glial cell
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tuber
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propensity to develop what with tuberous sclerosis
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giant cell astros and adenoma sebaceum (looks like acne)
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congenital diseses causing hydrocephalus
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arnold-chiari, dandy walker cyst, x-linked HC
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chiari malformation
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defects in the cerebellum
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congenital condition that causes herniation of the cerebellar vermis due to small posterior fossa
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arnold chiari type II (also associated with myelomeningoceole
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cyst in region of posterior fossa making posterior fossa larger than normal
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Dandy Walker Cyst
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syrinx is lined by while a hydromyelia is lined by
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astrocytes,
ependymal cells |
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analagous to hydrocephalus in the spinal cord
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hydromyelia
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multiple holes found in the brain
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multicystic encephalomalacia
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sequale of a germinal matrix hemmorage
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periventricular leukomalacia, hydrocephalus, rusty looking choroid plexus due to iron deficit
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Periventricular leukomalacia cause
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ischemia, particularly shock with decreased blood flow
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Hemmorage associated with delivery where head bangs on cervix
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caput
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Delivery hemorrage associated with vacuum delivery and can go beneath the galea aponeurotica all over the skull
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subgaleal hemorrhage
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Delivery hemorrhage that is localized over a bone and associated with skull fracture - has a favorable outcome
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subperiosteal bleeding
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type of hemorrhage that is always caused by trauma
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subdural
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in gray matter disease the child loses what milestone first? In white?
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developmental in gray, motor in white
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most characteristic site of wernicke korsakoff
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mamillary bodies
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reason not to increase sodium too fast
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central pontine myelinolysis
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loss of myelination in central corpus callosum
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marchiafava-Bignami
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can cause demyelination of the dorsal columns and corticospinal tracts
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vitamin B12 deficiency
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lead causes
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encephalopathy with intellectual impairment in kids
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mercury causes
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degeneration of occipital cortex and cerebellum
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acute methanol poisoning sign
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bilateral basal ganglia hemorrhages
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classic lesion of carbon monoxide
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bilateral necrosis of globus pallidus
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aspirin given to kid, kid gets fatty liver, cerebral edema results
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Reye's syndrome
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Unconjugated bilirubin in brainstem areas
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kernicterus
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storage disease that affects gray matter
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tay sachs - gm2 ganglioside
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storage disease that affects white matter
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metachromatic leukodystrophy - loss owhite matter later in childhood bc it demyelinates
(arlysulfatase A missing) |
