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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are components of a neurological exam?
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part of the full physical
signalment chief complaint history general PE neurological examination problems list and DDx minimum data base and special test diagnosis treatment possibilities and prognosis treat and monitor |
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Why do an neuro exam?
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to find out if the animal has a neurological problem
to localize the disease/lesion fear/excitement and drugs can interfere with neuro exam |
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What are the regions to test on a neurological exam?
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Brain
C1 - C5 C6 - T2 T3 - L3 L4 - S3 you can see some overlap |
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What are upper motor neurons?
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-have cell bodies in the CNS (cortex and brainstem)
-terminate on lower motor neurons in the CNS (spinal cord) -influence lower motor neuron activity |
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What are lower lower motor neurons?
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have cell bodies in the CNS
innervate skeletal muscle |
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What is an example of the UMN and LMN together?
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patellar reflex
can see an exaggerated response or no response to to lesions in the UMN or LMN |
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What signs do you see with UMN damage?
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signs of involvement
-paralysis -normal accentuated reflexes -normal to increase muscle tone -minimal (disuse )muscle atrophy |
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What signs do you see with LMN damage?
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signs of involvement
- paralysis -hypoflexia or areflexia -muscular hypotoria -severe rapid (neurogenic) muscle atrophy |
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What are disorders of LMN?
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neuromuscular juntion
-botulism -tick paralysis -myasthenia gravis peripheral nerve or roots --traumatic, neoplastic, inflammatory Spinal cord or brain stem ---ischemia, traumatic, inflammatory, demyelinating, neoplastic muscle disease |
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Whar are disorders of UMN?
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Brain or spinal cord involving UMN pathways (ischemic, traumatic, inflammatory, demyelinating, neoplastic)
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What are some abnormal reflexes?
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hyporeflexia/areflexia (LMN)
hyper-reflexia (UMN) crossed extensor reflex when abnormal usually a UMN problem that effect LMN |
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Where is the lesion?
intact reflexes in the front limb but no reflexes (LMN signs) in hind limbs |
lumbosacral
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Where is the lesion?
dog has loss of reflexes (LMN signs) in front limbs and UMN in hind limbs |
cervical thoracic
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Where is the lesion?
cat has UMN signs in both front and hind limbs. reflexes (LMN) intact on all 4 limbs |
cranial cervical
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