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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the MOA of Reserpine |
decreased synthesis and storage of norepinephrine |
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What is the MOA of Guanethidine |
Blocks release of norepinephrine |
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What is the MOA of Phenoxybenzamine and Phentolamine |
alpha blocker (non selective) |
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What is the MOA of Prazosin |
alpha 1 blocker |
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What is the MOA of propanolol |
B1 and B2 blocker |
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What is the MOA of metopropolol |
B1 blocker |
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What is the MOA of Pilocarpine, Methacholine |
Parasympathomimetic (muscarinic and nicotinic rec) |
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What is the MOA of neostigmine, pyridostigmine, abenonium |
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor |
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What is the MOA of atropine |
blocks acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors (prevents rapid destruction) |
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What is the MOA of nicotine |
stimulates nicotinic receptors |
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Which electrolytes/substances are higher or lower in the CSF (vs the plasma) Osmotic Pressure Na Cl K Gluc |
Equal Osmotic pressure Equal Sodium Higher Cl Lower K Lower Glucose |
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What are class I neurotransmitters? |
Acetylcholine (+) |
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What are class II neurotransmitters? |
Amines -Norepinephrine (+) -Epinephrine (+) -Dopamine (-) -Histamine Serotonin |
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What are class III neurotransmitters? |
Amino Acids -Glutamate (+) GABA (-) Glycine (-) Aspartate |
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What are class IV neurotransmitters? |
NO |
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What are class V neurotransmitters? |
Slow acting neuropeptides |
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Which are excitatory neurotransmitters? |
Epinephrine (II) Norepinephrine (II) - reuptake Acetylcholine (I) Glutamate (III) - reuptake |
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Which are inhibitory neurotransmitters? |
Dopamine (II) Serotonin (II) - reuptake GABA (III) - reuptake Glycine (III) |
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What is the MOA of Strychnine? |
Decrease action of inhibitory neuropeptides (Glycine) - stiff paralysis |
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What is the MOA of Botulism ? |
Decrease release of excitatory neurotransmitters (Acetylcholine) - flaccid paralysis |
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What is the MOA of Tetanus? |
Blocks Gaba and Glycine (inhibitory) --too many stimulatory neurotransmitters - stiff paralysis |
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What is decerebrate rigidity? |
Extension all four limbs Opisthotnus Stuporous/Comatose *Rostral brainstrem lesion |
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What is decerebellate rigidity? |
Forelimbs extended, Hips flexed Opisthotnos Normal mentation *Acute cerebellar lesion |
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What cranial nerves can be involved in peripheral vestibular disease? |
7 (facial) 8 (vestibulocochlear) |
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What cranial nerves can be involved in central vestibular disease? |
5 (trigeminal) 6 (abducens) 7 (facial) 8 (vestibulocochlear) 9 (glossopharyngeal) 10 (vagus) 11 (accessory) 12 (hypoglossal) |
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Which cranial nerves are sensory only? |
1 (olfactory) 2 (optic) 8 (vestibulocochlear) |
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What cranial nerves are motor only? |
3 (oculomotor) 4 (trochlear) 6 (abducens) 11 (acessory) 12 (hypoglossal) |
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Which cranial nerves are autonomic nervous system? |
3 (oculomotor) 7 (facial) 9 (glossopharyngeal) 10 (vagus) |
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What is the MOA of Bethanacol |
Parasympathomimetic Dopaminergic (increased acetylcholine sensitivity) - use for hypocontractile bladder |
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What is the MOA of Cisapride? |
Enhance release of acetylcholine - use for hypocontractile bladder |
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What is the MOA of propantheline |
anticholinergic - use for hypercontractile bladder |
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What is the MOA of oxybutynin |
anticholinergic, analgesic, smooth mm relaxant - use for hypercontractile bladder |
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What is the MOA of flavoxale |
amooth muscle relaxant, weak anticholinergic, analgesia - use for hypercontractile bladder |
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What is the MOA of phenylpropanalamine |
alpha agonist (indirect) - hypotonic urethra |
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What is the MOA of imipramine |
alpha agonist, anticholinergic - hypotonic urethra |
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What is the MOA of estrogen and testosterone |
sensitizes to effects of catecholamines - hypotonic urethra |
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What is the MOA of phenoxybenzamine |
alpha blocker (non selective) - hypertonic urethra |
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What is the MOA of prazosin |
alpha 1 blocker - hypertonic urethra |
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What is the MOA of dantrolene |
calcium channel blocker - decreases external urethral tone - hypertonic urethra |
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What is the MOA of diazepam |
skeletal muscle relaxant - hypertonic urethra |
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What nerve innervates the bladder body |
Pelvic n - parasympathetic stimulation = voiding |
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What innervates the external urethral sphincter |
Pudendal n. - somatic stimulation = tightened sphincter |
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What innervates the internal urethral sphincter and body of the bladder? |
Hypogastric n - symmpathetic B2 to bladder - relaxation a to internal sphincter - contraction |
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What is reflex dyssenergia? |
lack of inhibition to somatics causes urethral contraction during bladder contraction Tx: bethanacol |
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What is the MOA of felbamate |
blocks Na and Ca channels blocks NMDA potentiates GABA |
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What are the SE of felbamate? |
hepatic dysfunction KCS Blood dyscrasias |
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What is the MOA of gabapentin |
GABA analogue - blocks Ca channels |
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What are the SE of gabapentin? |
sedation |
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What is the MOA of Keppra |
Binds SV2A - blocks presynaptic Ca channels |
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What are the SE of Keppra |
sedation |
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What is the MOA of Zonisamide |
Sulfonamide |
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What is the MOA of phenobarbital |
GABA agonist Ca channel blocker |
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What are the side effects of phenobarbital? |
sedation, PU/PD (inhibits ADH) Blood dyscrasias Hepatotoxicity Decr T4/Incr TSH not associated with clinical dz |
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What is the MOA of bromide? |
potentiates GABA by competing with Cl transport (stabilizes neuronal cell membrane) |
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What are the SE of bromide |
pneumonitis in cats pancreatitis, sedation, PU/PD in dogs |
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What is the MOA of Dizepam |
potentiates GABA - increases Cl intracellularly hyperpolarized |
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What are the side effects of diazpema |
cats - oral form can cause acute hepatic necrosis |
