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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tension Headache |
Most common HA type which effect women more often then men and is identified by constant, daily bilateral pain |
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S/S Tension Headache |
Vice-like pressure that waxes and wanes. Excacerbated by emotional stress, fatigue, noise, glare, or concentration, neck or back of head sore. |
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Tx Tension Headache |
Motrin 6-800mg PO tid, Tylenol 325-650mg PO qid. Trial anti Migraine, massages, hot bath |
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Cluster Headache |
More common in Middle aged men |
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S/S Cluster Headache |
nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, lacrimations, redness of eyes, Horner's Syndrome, remain active, awaken at night, last 30min-3hrs, weeks or months between bouts, triggered by alcohol, foods, stress, glare |
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Tx Cluster Headache |
SQ Sumatriptan 4-6mg, 100% O2, Prophylactic given by MO |
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Migraines |
build up, throbbing, last several hrs. |
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S/S Migraines |
Aura, visual disturbances, numbness, tingling, aphasia, Fam Hx, triggered by emotional/physical stress, lack of sleep, missed meals, alcohol, foods, menstruation, contraceptives |
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Tx Migraines |
avoid precipitating factors, rest in quiet darkened room, analgesics or vasoconstrictors, antiemetic's, HA cocktail, steroids |
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Post-Concussive HA |
After Head Injury |
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S/S Post-Concussive HA |
Symptoms occur 1-2 days after injury, and subside 7-10 days . Impaired memory, poor concentration, increased irritability, and emotional instability |
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Tx Post-Concussive HA |
No special treatment, simple analgesics as first line |
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Cough HA |
cough, sneezing, straining, and laughing, can cause severe head pain |
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S/S Cough HA |
distinction that pain last a few min, if not consider ruptured vessel and intracranial bleed |
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Tx Cough HA |
No treatment, resolves itself |
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Med Overuse HA |
50% of patients with chronic daily HA |
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S/S Med Overuse HA |
chronic pain unrelieved by medication, Hx reveals overuse of analgesics |
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Tx Med Overuse HA |
withdrawal meds, results in months not days |
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Partial Seizures |
limited to one hemisphere of the brain, classified if consciousness was impaired |
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S/S Partial Seizures |
MOTOR SIGNS: right primary motor cortex, involuntary movement of the left hand. SENSORY SIGNS: paresthesia, flashing lights, hallucinations, vertigo, unusual odors, or sounds. AUTONOMIC FUNCTIONS: flushing, sweating, piloerection. HIGHER CORTICAL FUNCTION: fear, sense of impending change, detachment, depersonalization |
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Tx/Dispo Partial Seizures |
FIRST AID- clear room, maintain airway, redirect gently, IV dextrose(25-50mL) for hypoglycemia. MEDEVAC, MO evaluation, Neuro referral |
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Generalized Seizures |
arise from both hemispheres, LOC is the hallmark |
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S/S Generalized Seizures |
MOTOR SIGNS: right primary motor cortex, involuntary movement of the left hand. SENSORY SIGNS: paresthesia, flashing lights, hallucinations, vertigo, unusual odors, or sounds. AUTONOMIC FUNCTIONS: flushing, sweating, piloerection. HIGHER CORTICAL FUNCTION: fear, sense of impending change, detachment, depersonalization |
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Tx/Dispo Generalized Seizures |
FIRST AID- clear room, maintain airway, redirect gently, IV dextrose(25-50mL) for hypoglycemia. MEDEVAC, MO evaluation, Neuro referral |
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S/S Abscense Seizure |
brief loss of consciousness, lasts only seconds, no postictal confusion, accompanied with automatisms |
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Tx/Dispo Abscense Seizure |
FIRST AID- clear room, maintain airway, redirect gently, IV dextrose(25-50mL) for hypoglycemia. MEDEVAC, MO evaluation, Neuro referral |
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S/S Tonic-Clonic Seizure |
common in adults, abruptly without warning, tonic contractions of muscles, respirations impaired, increased HR, B/P, and pupillary size, last 10-20s then evolves to clonic phase, muscles relax last 1m |
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Tx/Dispo Tonic-Clonic Seizure |
FIRST AID- clear room, maintain airway, redirect gently, IV dextrose(25-50mL) for hypoglycemia. MEDEVAC, MO evaluation, Neuro referral |
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S/S Myoclonic Seizure |
Sudden brief contraction of the body or body part, pathologic myoclonus, |
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Tx/Dispo Myoclonic Seizure |
FIRST AID- clear room, maintain airway, redirect gently, IV dextrose(25-50mL) for hypoglycemia. MEDEVAC, MO evaluation, Neuro referral |
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S/S Status Epilepticus |
continuous seizures >10 min |
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Tx/Dispo Status Epilepticus |
diazepam 10mg IV over 10 min. Phenytoin 18-20mg/kg @ 50mg/min, watch for arrhythmias MEDEVAC, MO evaluation, Neuro referral |
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Hemorrhagic Stroke |
Rupture of a blood vessel bleeding into the brain, lack of blood flow leading to ischemia |
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S/S Hemorrhagic Stroke |
sudden onset focal neurologic deficit, diffuse finding for systemic hypoperfusion etiology |
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Tx/ Dispo Hemorrhagic Stroke and Ischemic Stroke |
look for causes and treat accordingly, diff for bilateral B/P, Manage B/P if over 220, Labetalol 10-20mg IV every 10-20m max dose 150mg, Fundoscopic exam for papilledemia, Exam head for trauma. MEDEVAC ASAP |
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Ischemic Stroke |
blockage of a blood vessel, lack of blood flow to the brain leading to ischemia |
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S/S Ischemic Stroke and TIA |
intracerebral hemorrhage usually gradual onset as blood builds, Subaracnoid Hemorrhage has maximal impact right away |
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S/S Transient Ischemic Attack |
focal neurologic symptoms lasting less than 24 hrs |
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Concussion/Cranial Trauma |
cognitive impairment brought on by diffuse brain injury after exposure to impact factors |
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S/S Concussion |
HA, dizziness, vertigo, imbalance, N&V, Mood/ cognitive disturbances, light noise sensitivity, sleep disturbance, vacant stare, slow verbal, disorientation, inability to focus, slurred speech, emotional out of proportion, memory deficits, LOC |
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Tx/Dispo Concussion |
24 hr observation, LLD x24, Awaken every 2 hrs to check A&Ox3, NO ALCOHOL, meds other then Tylenol for 48 hrs. MEDEVAC for inability to waken, worsening HA, confusion, restlessness or seizures, vision problems, vomiting, fever or stiff neck, incontinence, weakness or numbness |
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S/S Cranial Trauma |
penetrating trauma, LOC, soft-tissue swelling, hematoma, palpable fracture, crepitus, battle signs, raccoon eyes, hemotympanum, CSF, CN deficits |
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Tx/Dispo Cranial Trauma |
O2, C-spine, maintain airway, elevate head, IV fluid, Head CT, X-ray, if suspected orbital or nasal fracture DO NOT use NG tube. Neurosurgeon MEDEVAC |
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Epidural Hemorrhage |
bleeding into the potential space between the cranium and the dura matter |
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S/S Epidural Hemorrhage |
head injury with brief LOC, lucid interval, increasing HA, decreasing neurological exam, |
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Tx/Dispo Epidural Hemorrhage |
complete and serial neuro exam, check eyes for papilledemia, O2 prepare to intubate, neuro consult, . MEDEVAC |
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Subdural Hemorrhage |
bleeding into the actual space between the surface of the brain and the dura matter |
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S/S Subdural Hemorrhage |
ETOH abusers, can occur without injury |
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Tx/Dispo Subdural Hemorrhage |
O2 prepare to intubate, C-spine, monitor neuro signs, MEDEVAC ASAP for Head CT |
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Subarachnoid Hemorrhage |
bleeding is high in the subarachnoid space which normally only has CSF |
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S/S Subarachnoid Hemorrhage |
sudden severe HA, MSC, LOC, seizure, nausea, meningeal signs |
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Tx/Dispo Subarachnoid Hemorrhage |
bed rest, O2, analgesia, control B/P, stop anticoagulation, treat systematically, consult MO, MEDEVAC |
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S/S Traumatic Spinal Injury |
direct damage, swelling, inflammation, of the spinal cord after injury |
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Tx/Dispo Traumatic Spinal Injury |
ABC, C-spine, O2 prepare to intubate, maintain BP, Foley cath, sedate pt if necessary, MEDADVICE, MEDEVAC |
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S/S Bacterial Meningitis |
CLASSIC TRIAD-Fever, Nochal rigidity, MSC. Other Common Symptoms- HA, Photophobia, Neurologic complications, skin findings, arthritis |
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Tx Bacterial Meningitis |
Empiric treatment- ceftriaxone 2g IV q12 hrs, chloramphenicol 12.5mg/kg IV q6h for PCN all. Acyclovir 10mg/kg IV/PO treat for 7-10 days. Maintain hydration. |
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S/S Viral Encephalitis |
Impaired mental status, motor or sensory deficits, altered behavior and personality changes, hemiparesis, flaccid paralysis, paresthesias, and speech or movement disorders may be present, May be spontaneous infection or arthropod-borne, altered mental status, photophobia |
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Tx/Dispo Viral Encephalitis |
no specific therapy guidelines, Acyclovir 10mg/kg IV/PO. MEDEVAC |
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Bells' Palsy |
Acute facial paralysis of a specific pattern |
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S/S Bell's Palsy |
abrupt onset paresis, pain and weakness, face feels stiff, restriction of eye closure, disturbance of taste, tearing or drying of eyes, frequent blinking, Bell's Phenomenon, numbness, hyperacusis, Viral prodrome |
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Tx/Dispo Bell's Palsy |
R/O stroke, look for abnormalities in neurological deficits. MEDEVAC |
