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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the perikaryon?
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Neuronal cell body or soma
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What is a neurite?
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Cell projection from perikaryon such as an axon or dendrite
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Name 5 fxns of glial cells
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1. Regulate chemical milieu in extracellular space 2. Phagocytosis 3. Myelination 4. Line the ventricles 5. Repair in the case of injury
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What is the average wt of the brain and what is its apprx. % of body weight? What is its O2 consumption?
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1400 g, 2%, 20%
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What are nuclei?
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Groups of cell bodies (the CNS equivalent of ganglia)
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Where is the corpus callosum? Where is the internal capsule? What are there functions?
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Corpus callosum (green) is a major pathway for axons crossing btw. the cerebra hemispheres. Internal capsule (blue) is the major pathway btw. cerebral hemispheres and more caudal structures (brainstem, etc)
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Identify. What is it's function?
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Thalamus. Major relay and processing center for sensation and motor function.
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Identify. What is the fxn?
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Hypothalamus. Primary regulator of ANS.
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Identify and explain the function of the basal ganglia.
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Refers to a group of nuclei in the brain that are involved in motor processing.
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Identify and describe the function of the hippocampal formation.
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It is involved in the consolidation of memory.
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What is the fxn of the cerebellum?
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Uses complex sensory information to unconsciously modulate motor activity such as coordination.
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Describe some functions of the brainstem.
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Provides processing of sensation such as hearing and taste. Interface for CNs. Contains neurons for both motor and parasympathetic output. Controls resp, HR and other autonomic functions.
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What nuclei are contained in the midbrain?
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Nuclei for eye movement and control through CN III and IV.
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What nuclei are contained in the pons?
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Communication between the cerebrum and cerebellum. Nuclei for CN V, VI, VII and VIII.
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What major nuclei are found in the medulla?
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Consciousness (reticular formation), autonomic control of HR and breathing and also CN IX, X, XI and XII.
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What embryonic layers do the meninges develop from?
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Mesoderm and neural crest
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When does a primitive layer first surround the fetal NS and when do the meninges have the adult pattern?
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1 mo, 3 mo
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What forms from embryological ectomeninx? Endomeninx?
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Dura, leptomeininges (arachnoid and pia)
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How does a congenital dermal sinus defect occur and what are the assoc. pathologies?
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Failure of ectoderm to dissociate completely from neuroectoderm leaving a channel btw. surface of skin and dura or subarachnoid. Spina bifida/recurrent meningitis.
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What is pachymeninx?
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Aka dura mater
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What can you mechanically separate the dura matter around the brain into?
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Periosteal dura (outer layer) and meningeal dura
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What is the falx cerebri? Tentorium cerebelli?
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Dural septa that lies in the longitudinal fissure; Lies axially in the transverse fissure.
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What is the falx cerebelli? Diaphragma sella?
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Dural septa lying in the midline of cerebellum hemispheres; Forms roof of the hypophyseal fossa encircling the infindibulum.
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Where do vessels in the cranium generally originate from and run? What can happen if these break?
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Interal carotid. Btw. periosteum and periosteal dura. Epidural hematoma.
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Describe innervation of the tentorium, anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossa assoc. dura.
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Tentorial N. (from opthalmic N.), ant & middle - trigeminal N, and C2-C3 for posterior.
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What histological difference occurs at the dural border cell layer and what is the clinical significance?
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Lack of dense connective tissue may lead to dissection of layer in the case of bleeding and a resultant subdural hematoma (bleed btw. dural and arachnoid layers).
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What meningeal layer is avascular and not innervated?
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Arachnoid mater
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What are arachnoid villi and where are they located? What are arachnoid granulations? Pacchionian bodies?
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Specializations of the dura-arachnoid interface that occur in dural sinuses to allow for the drainage of CSF. Collections of villi. Calcifications of arachnoid granulations in geriatrics.
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When does the pia enter the brain? What space is this assoc. with?
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Pia may accompany a vessel into the brain or spinal cord. It will be surrounded by a space containing interstitial fluid, Virchow-Robin space. (leukemia cells can enter brain via this space)
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What cells are most likely involved in meningiomas?
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Clusters of arachnoid cells in the villi. Often at points where a vessel or N transversus the dura.
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In what meningeal layer is bacterial meningitis most likely to occur?
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Subarachnoid space
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