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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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This property of a soundwave is the number of oscillations occuring at a particular point in space per unit time?
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Frequency
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This is the distance between two consecutive pressure peaks on the waveform?
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Wavelength
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This is the difference between the mean pressure and the peak pressure?
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Amplitude
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The ear is most sensitive in what range of frequencies?
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3 - 5 kHz
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Sound travles faster or slower in water than in air?
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Faster (4 times)
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Loss of the auricle can result in what defecits?
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Compromised sound localization and some hearing loss at the frequency between 2-5 kHz
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Is there a loss of neergy during the transfer between the external and middle ears?
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No loss of energy
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Vibration of the tympanic membrane is transmitted to the (oval window or round window)
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Directly to the oval window through the three bony ossicles
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What two factors contribute to the pressure amplification seen in the middle ear?
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Reduction of surface area from the tympanic membrane to the oval window; Lever and piston action of ossicles (malleus and incus = lever, stapes = piston)
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What is the final pressure amplification in the middle ear?
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18:01
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What is the purpose of the stapedius and tensor tympani in sound recognition?
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Attenuate ossicle movement to decrease the loudness of sound
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Why gunshots still incredible loud, even though the stapedius and tensor tympani are attenuating the ossicles?
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Due to the reflex latency being long
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Otosclerosis is a result of what?
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Bony accumulations around the stapes which limits ossicle movement
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A normal response in a Webers Test would be percieved as what?
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No lateralization, sound coming from the center of the head
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In unilateral conductive hearing loss, sound is perceived as lateralized to which ear (deaf, non-deaf)
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Deaf Ear
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In Uniateral sensorineural loss (hair cells or auditory nerve damage) tone will be hear in the (deaf ear, non deaf ear)
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Non-deaf ear
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Frequency and loudness discrimination is a process that begins in what part of the ear?
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Inner ear
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What is the order of pressure wave transmission in the internal ear?
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Oval window > scala vestibuli> scala tympani > round window
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The movement of this membrane results in the stimulation of the hair cells of the organ of Corti?
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Basilar membrane
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Where (base/apex) is the basilar membrane more narrow and stiff?
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Base
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In the cochlear duct, the location of the basilar membrane that is displaced the greatest due to the traveling wave is a result of what PROPERTY of the sound?
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its frequency
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Increased firing of action potentials for a high frequency sound is found at the (base/apex) of the cochlear duct?
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Base
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What are the two mechanisms of HIGH freqeuncy discrimination?
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The place theory and the tuning process
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The tuning process is mediated by the (inner hair cells, outer hair cells, both, neither)?
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Outer hair cells
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In the temporal theory of frequency discrimination, how does the CNS determine frequency?
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Using the time between bursts of action potentials in inner hair cells
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What two ways is amplitude encoded (loudness)
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increasing the firing rate of the stimulated hair cells, and increaseing recruitment of surroinding hair cells
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People with shooter notch have what kind of defecit?
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Defecit at specific frequency due to hair cell damage, clinically difficult to recognize speech of certain sounds
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What are psychoacoustics?
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subjective experiences described by a listener related to measurable physical properties of sound (Loudness, Pitch, Timbre)
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The minimum sound pressure level necessary for perception is termed what?
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Detection level
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The human ear has the (lowest/highest) detection threshold between sounds of 3-5kHZ?
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Lowest (easier to detect, more sensitive)
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What frequency of sounds has the lowest detection level?
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4kHz
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This is the subjective experience of the amount of energy in a sound?
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Loudness
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Percieved loudness varies depending on what aspect of sound?
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Frequency
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What is the subjective experience of the frequency of the sound?
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Pitch
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This is the quality of sound that distinguishes one sound from another of the SAME pitch and volume?
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Timbre
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Striking the A key of the piano is a sound composed of a SINGLE frequency (T/F)?
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False(it is made up of many frequencies)
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