Neuro Exam 2

Front 1

When an LMN lesion occurs, what is affected?

Back 1

temporalis

Front 2

2. A 45 year old patient is brought to the emergency department after suffering from a CVA that affected the right side UMN of CN VII nuclei. The patient would NOT be able to do what?

Back 2

smile on the left side of the face

Front 3

The mesencephalic portion of the trigeminal nuclei is associated with

Back 3

proprioception

Front 4

What is the correct order for the auditory pathway?

Back 4

superior olivary nucleus, lateral leminsicus, medial geniculate body

Front 5

The lacrimal reflex goes through which trigeminal nucleus?

Back 5

spinal nucleus

Front 6

Which muscle is NOT affected during facial paralysis caused by a LMN lesion?

Back 6

masseter

Front 7

Which muscles ARE affected during facial paralysis caused by a LMN lesion?

Back 7

frontalis
orbicularis oculi
platysma

Front 8

What is found in the midbrain at the level of the superior colliculi?

Back 8

medial leminiscus
spinal leminiscus
red nucleus

Front 9

Blood vessels enter the midbrain through the...

Back 9

posterior perforated substance

Front 10

In the polyneural system of the auditory pathway, the order in which fibers synapse is

Back 10

cochlear
superior olivary nucleus
nucleus of the trapezoid body
nucleus of lateral leminuscus
inferior colliculus
medial geniculate body
temporal lobe

Front 11

In the lacrimatory reflex, lacrimation is a ______ parasympathetic reaction

Back 11

non-consenual

Front 12

In the lacrimatory reflex, lacrimation is a non-consenual _____ reaction.

Back 12

parasympathetic

Front 13

The nucleus of the oculomotor nerve can be seen in the ______ cross section of the brainstem

Back 13

the superior colliculus cross section of the midbrain

Front 14

The lateral leminiscus is no longer seen at what level?

Back 14

superior colliculus of the midbrain

Front 15

The corneal reflex is caused by an irritation of the cornea, and the blinking of both eyes is caused by...

Back 15

the orbicularis oculi response to the blinking impulses received from CN VII

Front 16

The orbicularis oculi response to the blinking impulses that travel through the ________ ganglion

Back 16

trigeminal

Front 17

Anterior surface side of the pons has a median sulcus which lodges the _____.

Back 17

basilar artery

Front 18

What is the specific thalamic nucleus for hearing?

Back 18

medial geniculate body

Front 19

What cranial nerves emerge from the pons?

Back 19

5, 6, 7, 8

Front 20

The trigeminal ganglion is equivalent to the _______ for the head and neck.

Back 20

dorsal root ganglion

Front 21

________ is a motor tract of the medulla at the olive and inferior cerebellar tract?

Back 21

Pyramids

Front 22

What are the 3 major divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

Back 22

ophthalmic
maxillary
mandibular

Front 23

Which CN arises from between the pyramid and the olive?

Back 23

CN XII

Front 24

Pontine nucleus receives _____ information from any part of the face.

Back 24

tactile

Front 25

The ventral trigeminal tract (a.k.a. trigeminal leminiscus tract) carries what type of information?

Back 25

sensations of pain
sensations of temperature
tactile information

Front 26

Intracranial pressure is due to _______ cranial pressure and pushes the _______ and medulla towards the foramen magnum.

Back 26

posterior

cerebellum

Front 27

The medulla’s internal features are studied by sections of.... (4 levels)

Back 27

level of the pyramidal decussation
level of sensory decussation
level of olive
level of inferior cerebellar peduncle

Front 28

The midbrain consists of... (4 items)

Back 28

Tegmentum
Crus cerebri
Colliculi
Tectum

Front 29

The cranial nerve(s) that is (are) part of the gag reflex is (are):

Back 29

IX (Glossopharyngeal)
X (Vagus)

Front 30

The midbrain is transversed by the _______.

Back 30

cerebral aquaduct

Front 31

The midbrain connects the pons and the ____ with the forebrain.

Back 31

cerebellum

Front 32

The anterior surface of the midbrain has a deep depression in the midline called the _______.

Back 32

interpeduncular fossa

Front 33

The interpeduncular fossa is bound laterally by the ______.

Back 33

crus cerebri

Front 34

A patient gets to the ER complaining of having lost pupil accommodation (pupil fixed and dilated). Further examination makes you come up with Weber’s or Benedikt’s syndromes as the differential diagnosis. However, a last test confirms that your patient suffers from Benedikt’s syndrome because he ALSO has

Back 34

contralateral involuntary movements of limbs

Front 35

At what level is the lateral leminiscus (auditory pathway) FIRST seen?

Back 35

lower pons – facial colliculus

Front 36

Put these in the correct order:

superior olivary nucleus
cochlear nucleus
medial geniculate body
spiral ganglion
lateral leminiscus

Back 36

spiral ganglion > cochlear nucleus > superior olivary nucleus > lateral leminiscus > medial geniculate body

Front 37

With ____ test, air conduction is heard two times as long as bone conduction

Back 37

Rinne

Front 38

________ nucleus gives rise to fibers for CN X, CN IX, and CN XI

Back 38

Ambiguus

Front 39

All motor cranial nerve nuclei receive corticonuclear fibers except ____.

Back 39

CN VII

Front 40

CN VII receives only _____ supply of corticonuclear fibers.

Back 40

contralateral

Front 41

Solitary nucleus is a sensory nucleus which receives fibers from CN's _______.

Back 41

CN VII, IX, X

Front 42

What are three causes of ptosis?

Back 42

Horner syndrome
Superior sympathetic cervical ganglion damage
CN III damage

Front 43

Weber’s syndrome and Benedikt’s syndrome have the following common symptoms (3 of them)....

Back 43

ipsilateral ophthalmoplegia
ipsilateral lateral strabismus
ipsilateral pupil dilation

Front 44

What are causes of sensorineural deafness ?

Back 44

rubella infection in utero
acoustic neuroma
toxins or drugs

Front 45

In the midbrain, the swelling area which is made up of two superior and two inferior colliculus is called ______.

Back 45

corpora quadrigemina

Front 46

The floor of the fourth ventricle is made up of pons, upper part of medulla, median sulcus and a swelling area known as _____.

Back 46

facial colliculus

Front 47

In Weber test, if a person has a partial nerve deafness, he will hear better on which side?

Back 47

The normal side.

Front 48

In Weber test, if a person has conduction deafness, he will hear better on which side?

Back 48

The diseased side.

Front 49

In the auditory system, which tract is formed by the superior olivary nuclei?

Back 49

Lateral leminiscus

Front 50

What artery has been damaged when lateral medullary syndrome occurs?

Back 50

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Front 51

What are the complications associated with lateral inferior pontine syndrome?

Back 51

Ipsilateral facial hemianesthesia
Abolished corneal reflex
Contralateral hemianesthesia of the body
Ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome

Front 52

Unilateral paralysis of the muscles of the face could results from a lesion of _____.

Back 52

LMN of CN VII

Front 53

Which CN originates from the dorsal aspect of the brainstem?

Back 53

CN 4

Front 54

The red nucleus is seen at which level?

Back 54

Superior midbrain

Front 55

What are the lesions of the pons?

Back 55

Lateral inferior pontine syndrome
Medial inferior pontine syndrome
Facial colliculus syndrome

Front 56

The corpora quadrigemina (colliculi) are rounded eminences that play a role in _______ and help to form part of the auditory pathway.

Back 56

visual reflexes

Front 57

Where are the corpora quadrigemina (colliculi) located?

Back 57

Posterior surface of the midbrain

Front 58

Cranial nerve II originates from where?

Back 58

Retina

Front 59

A patient is complaining from constant pain in the ear and behind the ear and you have ruled out an inner ear disease. The patient also shows wasting of the tongue. What may be the cause of the pain?

Back 59

Cancer of the pharynx

Front 60

The mesencephalic nucleus in the midbrain is concerned with

Back 60

Proprioceptive impulses

Front 61

Tumors in the posterior cranial fossa will affect what nerves?

Back 61

Hypoglossal nerve
Vagus nerve
Accessory nerve

Front 62

The upper part of the floor of the 4th ventricle is formed by the ______.

Back 62

pons

Front 63

Which cranial nerve arises from the posterior side of the brainstem?

Back 63

Trochlear

Front 64

Which branch of the trigeminal nerve has both sensory and motor fibers?

Back 64

mandibular

Front 65

The facial nerve wraps around ______ to form the facial colliculus?

Back 65

CN VI

Front 66

The medial leminiscus are formed at what internal level?

Back 66

Sensory decussation

Front 67

The most common childhood brainstem lesion involves _____.

Back 67

Facial colliculus syndrome

Front 68

Which cranial nerve supplies the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius?

Back 68

Accessory nerve

Front 69

What nerves emerge from the pontomedullary junction?

Back 69

Abducens nerve
Facial nerve
Vestibulocochlear nerve

Front 70

What is the location of the first synapse of the corneal reflex?

Back 70

Sensory nucleus

Front 71

Which nerves emerge from the pontomedullary junction?

Back 71

VI, VII, VIII

Front 72

The superior colliculi of the midbrain is responsible for

Back 72

Visual reflexes

Front 73

The sensory nucleus of the trigeminal system that is concerned with tactile information is the

Back 73

Principal sensory nucleus

Front 74

What are 3 conditions resulting from lesions of the pons?

Back 74

Medial inferior pontine syndrome
Lateral inferior pontine syndrome
Facial colliculus syndrome

Front 75

The posterior cerebral artery supplies which structure of the brain?

Back 75

Midbrain

Front 76

The _____ test could show partial nerve deafness in the ear that hears sound from air conduction but not from bone conduction.

Back 76

Rinne

Front 77

In what part of the brainstem does the motor nuclei of CN V exist?

Back 77

Pons

Front 78

Which order is correct for the different names of the trigeminal nuclei in the brainstem (order is midbrain, pons, medulla)?

Back 78

Mesencephalic nucleus
principal sensory nucleus
spinal nucleus

Front 79

The posterior (dorsal) part of the lower pons is referred to as:

Back 79

The tegmentum

Front 80

What are the functions of the brainstem?

Back 80

Serves as a bridge for ascending/descending tracts connecting higher forebrain centers with the spinal cord

Contains important respiratory and cardiovascular centers as well as reticular system centers responsible for consciousness

Front 81

In the auditory pathway, after passing the inferior colliculus, where would the pathway continue after that?

Back 81

Medial geniculate body

Front 82

In lateral medullary syndrome as well as lateral inferior pontine syndrome, the face is affected ________ and the body is affected_________?

Back 82

Ipsilateral; contralateral

Front 83

The cerebellum forms the:

Back 83

Roof of the 4th ventricle

Front 84

Which structure is responsible for visual reflexes?

Back 84

Superior colliculus

Front 85

The spinal nucleus receives information from the:

Back 85

Head and face area

Front 86

In what area of the brain would you find a lesion causing blockage of the posterior cerebral artery causing ipsilateral ptosis, lateral strabismus and contralateral hemiparesis?

Back 86

Medial midbrain

Front 87

Which structures are found at the level of the superior colliculus?

Back 87

Nucleus for CN III
Corticospinal fibers
Trigeminal leminiscus

Front 88

What forms the “bump” called the facial colliculus?

Back 88

The fibers of CN VII as they wrap around nucleus of CN VI

Front 89

Which nuclei are present at the level of the sensory decussation in the medulla?

Back 89

nucleus gracilis
spinal nucleus of trigeminal (V)
accessory nucleus (XI)
hypoglossal nucleus (XII)

Front 90

What would you expect to see in a patient with a stroke that damaged the
corticonuclear fibers in the UMNs leading to the 7th nerve nucleus?

Back 90

contralateral side: unable to smile, able to close eye

Front 91

Regarding the auditory pathway: _____ order neurons can arise from nuclei in the lateral leminscus

Back 91

fourth

Front 92

Regarding the auditory pathway: The first order neuron is in the Spiral ganglion of CN _____.

Back 92

VIII

Front 93

Regarding the auditory pathway: Fourth order neurons can arise from the inferior ______.

Back 93

colliculus

Front 94

Weber's Syndrome causes deficits which include:

Back 94

ipsilateral opthalmoplegia

Front 95

What structures make up the Corpora Quad on the midbrain?

Back 95

superior colliculi
inferior colliculi

Front 96

The nuclei of which cranial nerves can be seen in the medulla, at the level of pyramidal decussation?

Back 96

CN V, CN XI and CN XII

Front 97

The corneal reflex is ______and ________

Back 97

direct and consensual

Front 98

Consentual corneal reflexes involve sensory fibers from the ophthalmic division of CN ______.

Back 98

CN V

Front 99

The _____ forms the roof of the fourth ventricle.

Back 99

Cerebellum

Front 100

What can be found at the level of the Superior Colliculus of the Midbrain?

Back 100

Trigeminal Leminiscus
Spinal Leminiscus
Medial Leminiscus
Corticospinal Leminiscus

Front 101

The functions of CN VII include ______

Back 101

Supply muscles of facial expression
Supplies lacrimal and salivary glands
Carries taste fibers

Front 102

Facial paralysis of the lower motor neuron affects what muscles?

Back 102

Frontalis
Orbicularis oculi
Buccinator

Front 103

What tracts are present at the superior colliculi ?

Back 103

trigeminal leminiscus
spinal leminiscus
medial leminiscus

Front 104

The clinical presentation of medial medullary syndrome involves...

Back 104

contralateral loss of vibratory sense

Front 105

The auditory pathway consists of what order neurons?

Back 105

first, second, third and fourth order neurons

Front 106

What is seen in the pyramidal decussation of the medulla ?

Back 106

fasiculus cuneatus
spinal nucleus of CN V
anterior spinocerebellar tract

Front 107

Which CN's synapse in the salivatory nucleus?

Back 107

CN VII
CN IX
CN X

Front 108

Which nerves are involved in the blink reflex?

Back 108

CN VI
CN VII

Front 109

Which cranial nerve(s) do not arise from the brainstem?

Back 109

CN I and II

Front 110

What forms the floor of the 4th ventricle?

Back 110

pons and medulla

Front 111

What can be found in a cross-section of the medulla at the level of sensory decussation?

Back 111

fasciculus gracilis
nucleus gracilis
hypoglossal nerve

Front 112

Which nerves are found in the nucleus ambiguus?

Back 112

CN 9, 10 and 11

Front 113

In which level of the brainstem can you first find the nucleus of tractus solitarius?

Back 113

Medulla: Level of Olive

Front 114

In which level of the brainstem can you first find the EW nucleus?

Back 114

Midbrain: superior colliculus

Front 115

The superior and inferior brachium connects the thalamus to the:

Back 115

Superior and Inferior Colliculi

Front 116

The Facial Colliculus contains innervation for

Back 116

Taste: Anterior Part of the tonge
Lacrimation and Salivation (Psym)
Eye movement: lacteral rectus – motor

Front 117

In the midbrain, at the segment of the inferior colliculus, it is divided into...

Back 117

Tegmentum, Crus cerebri, and Tectum

Front 118

What type of fibers emerge from the salivary/lacrimatory nucleus of CN VII?

Back 118

Pre-ganglionic parasympathetic

Front 119

What nerve DOES NOT derive from the medulla?

Back 119

vestibulococchlear

Front 120

Name 3 nerves that derive from the medulla?

Back 120

glossopharyngeal
vagus
accessory

Front 121

Name 3 trigeminal reflexes.

Back 121

corneal reflex
lacrimatory reflex
jaw jerk reflex

Front 122

Weber's syndrome is a vascular lesion of the _______.

Back 122

midbrain

Front 123

Which nuclei are present at the level of the pyramidal decussation?

Back 123

nucleus gracilis
nucleus cuneatus
spinal nucleus of trigeminal (V)

Front 124

Where is the only place that the 1st order neuron cell bodies are in the brain?

Back 124

Mesencephalic nucleus

Front 125

Conductive deafness could be caused by...

Back 125

otitis media

Front 126

Conductive deafness CANNOT be caused by...

Back 126

prolonged exposure to loud noise
acoustic neuroma
presbyacusis

Front 127

At what level in the brainstem is the nucleus ambiguus located?

Back 127

In the medulla at the level of the olive and ICP

Front 128

In what nuclei would first order neurons be located?

Back 128

Mesencephalic nuclei of trigeminal nerve

Front 129

A patient comes into the ER with lower right sided facial paralysis. When you ask her to smile, only the left side of her lips raise. She also is drooling from the right side of her mouth. Where is the patient's lesion in relation to her deficit?

Back 129

UMN lesion on the contralateral side

Front 130

Which motor nucleus supplies the pharynx and larynx?

Back 130

nucleus ambiguus

Front 131

What is the specific nucleus for hearing?

Back 131

medial geniculate body

Front 132

In the ventral aspect of the medulla, going medial to lateral, what is the order of structures?

Back 132

pyramid, olive, cerebellar peduncle

Front 133

Which of the cranial nerves originates from the pons of the brainstem?

Back 133

Facial
vestibulococchlear
trigeminal
abducens

Front 134

What are the sensory nuclei of the trigeminal system and where are they located

Back 134

Mesencephalic- midbrain
Principal sensory- pons
Spinal- lower pons and medulla

Front 135

In the midbrain, which motor cranial nerve nuclei receive bilateral corticonuclear fibers?

Back 135

Oculomotor
Trochlear
Abducens

Front 136

The superior salivatory nucli supplies what gland(s)?

Back 136

Submandibular and sublingual

Front 137

The Trigeminal Nerve emerges where on the brain stem?

Back 137

The ventral surface of the pons

Front 138

At the level of the Upper level of the pons, what tracts are present?

Back 138

CorticoSpinal
Medial Leminiscus
Spinal Leminiscus

Front 139

The cerebral peduncle is formed by:

Back 139

The tegmentum and the crus cerebri