Neuro Exam 1

Front 1

What is neuroscience?

Back 1

is the study of neurons and the pathways they create

Front 2

NAME
this is the study of neurons and the pathways they create

Back 2

neuroscience

Front 3

Neurons create (1)

Back 3

pathways

Front 4

What are some fields of science that are part of neuroscience?(2)

Back 4

(1)neuroanatomy (2)pathology

Front 5

What are the differ ways that can study neurosceince? (5)

Back 5

(1)molecular (2)celluar (3)systems (4)behavioral (5)cogintive

Front 6

NAME
there are 5 ways to study this: molecular, cellualar, systems, behavioral, and coginitive

Back 6

neuroscience

Front 7

What is the molecular approach to studying neuroscience?

Back 7

is the study of ions and neurotransmitters

Front 8

NAME
this is the study of ions and neurotransmitters

Back 8

the molecular approach to studying neuroscience

Front 9

What is the cellular approach to studying neuroscience?

Back 9

is the study of differ neuropathways

Front 10

NAME
this is the study of differ neuropathways

Back 10

is the cellular approach to studying neuroscience

Front 11

What do you need neurons for?

Back 11

chemical synapse

Front 12

What are (2)types of cells in the NS?

Back 12

(1)neurons (2)glial cells

Front 13

NAME
there are two types of these cells here: neurons and glial cells

Back 13

NS

Front 14

The NS has two types of cells (1)and (2)

Back 14

(1)neurons (2)glial cells

Front 15

What is an ion?

Back 15

has either a positive or negative charge

Front 16

NAME
this has either a postive or negative charge

Back 16

ion

Front 17

What is molecule?

Back 17

is 2 or more atoms linked together w chemical bonds

Front 18

What is the differ btwn a ion and a molecule?

Back 18

(1)ion-has a postive or negative charge (2)molecule-is 2 or more atoms linked together by chemical bonds

Front 19

NAME
these are the only cells that can tramsit a nerve impulse

Back 19

neurons

Front 20

neurons are the only cells that can (1)

Back 20

transmit a nerve impulse

Front 21

What are glial cells?

Back 21

help neurons by keeping neurotissue together and providing a supportive function

Front 22

NAME
these help neurons by keeping neurptissue together and providing a supportive function

Back 22

glial cells

Front 23

What is the differ btwn neurons and glial cells? (2)

Back 23

(1)neurons are the main cells (2)glial cells help neurons

Front 24

nerve impulse is also called (1)

Back 24

action potential

Front 25

the (1)is also called action potential

Back 25

nerve impulse

Front 26

What is glial cells latin for?

Back 26

glue

Front 27

NAME
this is latin for glue

Back 27

glial cells

Front 28

Give an example of a pathway?

Back 28

reflex

Front 29

Reflex is an example of a (1)

Back 29

pathway

Front 30

What are 2 pathways that are used in reflex?

Back 30

(1)motor and sensory

Front 31

Explain the pathways when you extend your knee

Back 31

femoral and motor fibers orginate from the lumboscacral plexus which orginates from the spinal cord in the anterior horn

Front 32

what nerve supplies the quads muscle expt the rectus femoris?

Back 32

femoral nerve

Front 33

What is the behavorial approach to studying neurosceince?

Back 33

the study of the nervous responses of an organism

Front 34

NAME
this is the stdy of the nervous responses of an organism

Back 34

behavoral aprroach to neuroscience

Front 35

Before you can initiate response you need a (1)

Back 35

stimuli

Front 36

What is the cogintive appraoch to studying neuroscience?

Back 36

study of higher learning functions

Front 37

NAME
this is the study of higher learning functions

Back 37

the cogintive approach to studying neuroscience

Front 38

What are some higher learning functions?(6)

Back 38

(1)learning (2)memory (3)planning (4)language (5)intelligence (6)writing (7)

Front 39

What are some examples of glial cells? (5)

Back 39

(1)astrocytes (2)microgilla (3)schwann cells (4)oligodendrocytes (5)ependymal

Front 40

What are some examples of glial cells? (5)

Back 40

(1)astrocytes (2)microgilla (3)schwann cells (4)oligodendrocytes (5)ependymal

Front 41

WHat are astrocytes?

Back 41

maintain the Blood brain barrier

Front 42

NAME
these glial cells maintian the blood brain barrier

Back 42

astrocytes

Front 43

What are microgilla?

Back 43

are phagocytic glial cells

Front 44

NAME
these are phagocytic glial cells

Back 44

microgilla

Front 45

What does phagocytic mean?

Back 45

refers to engulfing debris

Front 46

What are Schwann cells?

Back 46

are glial cells found in the PNS that produce myelin

Front 47

NAME
these are glial cells found in the PNS taht produce myelin

Back 47

Schwann cells

Front 48

What are oligodendrocytes?

Back 48

are glial cells found in the CNS that produce myelin

Front 49

NAME
these are glial cells found in the PNS that produce myelin

Back 49

Schwann cells

Front 50

How are schwann and oligodendrocytes similar?

Back 50

they both produce myelin

Front 51

NAME
these glial cells are similar bc the both produce myelin

Back 51

(1)schwann cells (2)oligodendrocytes

Front 52

How are schwann and oligodendorcytes different? (2)

Back 52

(1)schwann cells are found in the PNS (2)oligodendrocytes are found in the CNS

Front 53

How are schwann and oligodendorcytes different? (2)

Back 53

Somtimes People Outwit Cats

(1)schwann cells are found in the PNS (2)oligodendrocytes are found in the CNS

Front 54

Where are oligodendrocytes found?

Back 54

in the CNS

Front 55

Where are the schwann cells found?

Back 55

in the PNS

Front 56

What is the myelin sheath?

Back 56

wraps around and insulate neuron's axons

Front 57

NAME
this wraps around and insulates neuron's axons

Back 57

myelin sheath

Front 58

What is Ependymal?

Back 58

are glial cells that cover or line inside the ventricles

Front 59

NAME
these are glial cells that cover or line inside the ventricles

Back 59

ependymal

Front 60

WHat does the somatic system?

Back 60

provides voluntary innervation to the musculoskeletal systems

Front 61

NAME
provides voluntary innervation to the musculaoskeletal systems

Back 61

somatic system

Front 62

When you voluntary chose to move you activate what system?

Back 62

somatic system

Front 63

What is the autonomic system?

Back 63

is the involuntary system that monitors digestion, breathing, and heart rate

Front 64

NAME
this is an involuntary system that monitors digestion, breathing, and heart rate

Back 64

autonomic system

Front 65

(1)and (2)are anatomical classifications of NS

Back 65

CNS and PNS

Front 66

What are the anatomical classifications of the NS? (2)

Back 66

(1)CNS (2)PNS

Front 67

What are the physical classifications of the NS? (2)

Back 67

SNS (2)ANS

Front 68

(1)and (2) are the physical classifications of NS

Back 68

(1)SNS (2)ANS

Front 69

SNS and ANS are the (1)class of NS

Back 69

physical

Front 70

CNS and PNS are the (1)class of the NS

Back 70

anatomical

Front 71

SNS and ANS are part of both (1)and (2)

Back 71

CNS and PNS

Front 72

(1)and (2)are part of both the CNS and PNS

Back 72

SNS and ANS

Front 73

Can you find nerves in the CNS?

Back 73

no

Front 74

nerves are only found in the (1)

Back 74

PNS

Front 75

(1)are only found in the PNS

Back 75

nerves

Front 76

WHat makes of the CNS?

Back 76

anything encased in bone including the brain, brain stem, and spinal cord, and cerebellum

Front 77

NAME
this includes anything encased in bone including the brain stem, spinal cord, and cerebellum

Back 77

CNS

Front 78

What makes up the PNS? (3)

Back 78

(1)12CN (2)31 SN (3)ganglia

Front 79

NAME
this has 12 CN, 31 SN and ganglia

Back 79

PNS

Front 80

How many cranial nerves are there?

Back 80

12

Front 81

How many SN are there?

Back 81

31

Front 82

there are (1)CN

Back 82

12

Front 83

there are (1)SN

Back 83

31

Front 84

What is gray matter?

Back 84

are areas w only cell bodies of neurons that tend to form clusters

Front 85

NAME
these are areas w only cell bodies of neurons that tend to form clustors

Back 85

gray matter

Front 86

What is white matter?

Back 86

are areas w mylen

Front 87

NAME
these are areas w mylen

Back 87

white matter

Front 88

What is the differ btwn gray and white matter?(2)

Back 88

(1)gray matter-are areas w only cell bodies of neurons that tend to form clusters (2)white matter-have mylen

Front 89

in the brain, where is the gray matter?

Back 89

on the outside

Front 90

In the brain, where is the white matter located?

Back 90

on the inside

Front 91

In the brain, where is white matter located?

Back 91

on the inside

Front 92

in the spinal cord, where is the gray matter located?

Back 92

on the inside

Front 93

What is the differ btwn where the gray and white matter are located in the brain vs the spinal cord (2)

Back 93

(1)in the brain, gray matter is on the oustide and white matter is on the inside (2)in the spinal cord, gray matter is on the inside and white matter is on the oustide

Front 94

What are nuclei?

Back 94

are clustors of cell bodies in the CNS

Front 95

NAME
these are clustors of cell bodies in the CNS

Back 95

nuclei

Front 96

What are ganglioa?

Back 96

is a clustor of cell bodies in the PNS

Front 97

NAME
these are clustors of cell bodies in the PNS

Back 97

ganglioa

Front 98

What is the differ btwn nuclei and ganglioa?(2)

Back 98

(1)nuclei-are clustor of cell bodies in the CNS (2)ganglioa-are clustors of cell bodies in the PNS

Front 99

What is the differ btwn nuclei and ganglioa?(2)

Back 99

(1)nuclei-are clustor of cell bodies in the CNS (2)ganglioa-are clustors of cell bodies in the PNS

Front 100

NAME
this is the functional unit of the neuron

Back 100

neuron

Front 101

What makes of a neuron?(4)

Back 101

(1)cell body (2)processes (3)dendrites (4)axon

Front 102

NAME
this consists of cell body, processes, dendrites, and axon

Back 102

neuron

Front 103

What are afferent fibers?

Back 103

convey info into the CNS

Front 104

NAME
these fibers convey info into the CNS

Back 104

sensory fibers

Front 105

Afferent fibers are also called (1)

Back 105

sensory

Front 106

(1)fibers are also called sensory fibers

Back 106

afferent

Front 107

What are efferent fibers?

Back 107

transmit info from the CNS to the peripheral structures

Front 108

NAME
these fibers transmit info from the CNS to the peripheral structures

Back 108

motor fibers

Front 109

motor fibers are also called (1)

Back 109

efferent

Front 110

(1)are also called efferent

Back 110

motor fibers

Front 111

What are interneurons?

Back 111

they connect neurons to other neurons

Front 112

NAME
these connect neurons to other neurons

Back 112

interneurons

Front 113

NAME
these are non-neuronal cells that provide services to other neurons

Back 113

glial cells

Front 114

NAME
these system provides bidirectional communication btwn the brain and smooth muscle, cardic muscle, and gland cells

Back 114

autonomic systems

Front 115

NAME
this system transmits info from the brain to skeletal muscles

Back 115

somatic system

Front 116

the somatic system transmits info from the brain to the (1)

Back 116

skeletal muscles

Front 117

the autonomic system provides bidirectional btwn the (1)and (2)

Back 117

(1)brain (2)smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and gland cells

Front 118

What are (5)main regions of the NS?

Back 118

(1)peripheral (2)spinal (3)brain stem (4)cerebrellar (5)cerebral regions

Front 119

The cerebral region contains the (1)

Back 119

diencephalon and cerebral hemispheres

Front 120

The (1)region contains the dienceaphalon

Back 120

cerebral region

Front 121

CSF fills the (1)

Back 121

ventricles

Front 122

(1)fills the ventricles

Back 122

CSF

Front 123

What is tract?

Back 123

is a bundle of axons in the CNS

Front 124

NAME
this is a bundle of axons in the CNS

Back 124

tract

Front 125

What are some other names for tract?(5)

Back 125

(1)lemincus (2)fasciculus (3)column (4)peduncle (5)capusle

Front 126

What are some other names for tract?(5)

Back 126

(1)lemincus (2)fasciculus (3)column (4)peduncle (5)capusle

Front 127

What are some other names for tract?(5)

Back 127

(1)lemincus (2)fasciculus (3)column (4)peduncle (5)capusle

Front 128

What is gangila?

Back 128

cluster of cell bodies in the PNS

Front 129

NAME
cluster of cell bodies in the PNS

Back 129

ganglia

Front 130

What is the differ btwn nuceli and ganglia?(2)

Back 130

(1)nuceli-cluster of cell bodies w in the CNS (2)ganglian-cluster of cell bodies in the pNS

Front 131

T or F
there are nuceli in the PNS

Back 131

false

Front 132

T or F
there are ganglian in the CNS

Back 132

false

Front 133

gray matter on the surface on the brain is called (1)

Back 133

cortex

Front 134

What is the cortex?

Back 134

refers to gray matter on the surface of the brain

Front 135

NAME
this refers to gray matter on th e surface of the brain

Back 135

cortex

Front 136

Peripheral nerves have (1)and (2)axons

Back 136

afferent and efferent

Front 137

What are (2)main functions of the spinal cord?

Back 137

(1)to conduct information btwn the peripheral and the brain (2)to process info

Front 138

NAME
this has two functions: to conduct info btwn the peripheral and the brain to process info

Back 138

spinal cord

Front 139

the cord conevys (1)info to the brain and also conveys singals from the brain to control movement

Back 139

somatosensory

Front 140

What is the somatosensory system?

Back 140

conveys info from the skin and musculoskeletal system to areas of the brain

Front 141

NAME
this coneys info from the skin and musculoskeletal systems to areas of the brain

Back 141

somatosensory system

Front 142

the plexus that originate from the upper and lower exterminates originate from the (1)

Back 142

spine

Front 143

NAME
this houses vital involuntary functions including RR, digestion, breathing, and alertness

Back 143

brain stem

Front 144

What is the brain stem?

Back 144

this houses the involuntary functions including RR, digestion, breathing, and alertness

Front 145

how many CN exit from the brain stem?

Back 145

10 out of 12

Front 146

How many CN do not exit from the brain stem?

Back 146

2 out of 12

Front 147

How are the CN and SN differ?

Back 147

CN have differ functions while the SN all have similaral functios at differ levels

Front 148

What is the cerebellum?

Back 148

coordinates movement such as coordination

Front 149

NAME
this coordinates movement like coordination

Back 149

cerebellum

Front 150

What are the cerebral hemispheres?

Back 150

provide you with your higher mental functions

Front 151

NAME
this part of your brain provides you with your higher mental functions

Back 151

cerebral hemispheres

Front 152

What are some support systems for the brain?

Back 152

(1)CSF (2)meninges (3)vascular structures

Front 153

What is CSF?

Back 153

modifed version of plasma that tranfsers nutrients and O2 to the brain

Front 154

NAME
this is a modified version of plasma that tranfers nutrients and O2 to the brain

Back 154

CSF

Front 155

What are pendicles?

Back 155

are large bundles of fibers found in the cerebellum

Front 156

NAME
these are large bundles of fibers found in the cerebellum

Back 156

pendicles

Front 157

What is the vermis?

Back 157

refers to the "worm" midline that divides the cerebellular hemispheres

Front 158

NAME
this refers to the "worm" midline that divides the cerebellular hemispheres

Back 158

vermis

Front 159

WHat is the epithalamus?

Back 159

consists primalry of the pineal gland

Front 160

NAME
this consists primarly of the pineal gland

Back 160

epithalamus

Front 161

What does the thalamus do?(4)

Back 161

relays info to the cerebal cortex (2)process emotional and some memory info (3)intergarte diffterent types of sensation (4)regulate consciousness arousal, and attention

Front 162

What does the thalamus do?(4)

Back 162

relays info to the cerebal cortex (2)process emotional and some memory info (3)intergarte diffterent types of sensation (4)regulate consciousness arousal, and attention

Front 163

NAME
this relays info to the cerebral cortex, processes emotional and some memory fino, intergrate different types of sensation, and regulates consciousness, arousal, and attention

Back 163

thalamus

Front 164

What are some functions of the hypothalamus? (2)

Back 164

(1)maintains body temperature, metabolic rate, and the chemical composition of tissues and fluids w an optimal functional range (2)regulates eating, reproductive, and defensive behaviors, expression of emotions, growth, and function of the reproductive organs

Front 165

What are some functions of the hypothalamus? (2)

Back 165

(1)maintains body temperature, metabolic rate, and the chemical composition of tissues and fluids w an optimal functional range (2)regulates eating, reproductive, and defensive behaviors, expression of emotions, growth, and function of the reproductive organs

Front 166

What is the limbic system?

Back 166

is involved w emotions and processing of some types of memories

Front 167

NAME
this is involved w emotions and processing some types of memories

Back 167

limbic system

Front 168

NAME
this has limited capacity for healing

Back 168

CNS

Front 169

What are the (3)meninges?

Back 169

(1)dura mater (2)arachnoid mater (3)pia mater

Front 170

NAME
this has three layer of connective tissue that protects and covers the CNS

Back 170

menginges

Front 171

What are the meninges?

Back 171

are 3 layers of connective tissue that protect and cover the CNS

Front 172

What is mater latin for?

Back 172

mother

Front 173

What is dura latin for?

Back 173

strong

Front 174

NAME
this is latin for strong

Back 174

dura

Front 175

What is arachnoid latin for ?

Back 175

spider

Front 176

NAME
this is latin for spider

Back 176

arachnoid

Front 177

What is pia latin for ?

Back 177

highly vascular

Front 178

NAME
this is latin for high vascular

Back 178

pia

Front 179

THe menginges have (1)btwn each layer

Back 179

potential spaces that may not be present but can be there

Front 180

What is the dura mater?

Back 180

outer layer that is strong bc of elastic fibers

Front 181

nAME
this is the strong outerlayer of the menginges

Back 181

dura mater

Front 182

What is the arachnoid mater?

Back 182

is middle layer of the meninges that look like spider webs

Front 183

WHat is the epidural space?

Back 183

epi=means on top of ...therefore, it is the space btwn the skull and dura mater

Front 184

NAME
this is the space btwn the skull and the dura mater

Back 184

epidural space

Front 185

What is subdural space?

Back 185

is the space btwn the dura mater and the arachnoid mater that contains CSF

Front 186

NAME
this is the space btwn the dura mater and the arachnoid mater that contains CSF

Back 186

subdural space

Front 187

All of the ventricles communicate through the (1)

Back 187

cerebral aqueduct

Front 188

What is the cerebral aqueduct?

Back 188

is where all of the ventricles communicate

Front 189

NAME
all of the venctricles communicate through this

Back 189

cerebral aqueduct

Front 190

the (1)becomes of the central canal in the spinal cord

Back 190

central canal

Front 191

the 4th ventricle becomes the (1)in the spinal cord

Back 191

central canal

Front 192

What happens if during development there is a narrowing of the cerebral aqueduct communicate?

Back 192

the baby gets hydrocepillas

Front 193

What can cause hydrpcepillias?

Back 193

when the cerebral aqudect or the other structures that the ventricles communicate to each other become narrowed

Front 194

What is the circular of Willis?

Back 194

is the center of vascular structures

Front 195

NAME
this is the center of the vascular structures of the brain

Back 195

circular of Willis

Front 196

iF one artery is blocked branching off from the circle of Willis then(1)

Back 196

one artery cant get blood to the distal CNS and a stroke of MI occurs

Front 197

How many venctricles are there?

Back 197

4

Front 198

there are (1)ventricles

Back 198

4

Front 199

the lateral ventricles are connected to the 3rd ventricle by the (1)

Back 199

interventricular foramina

Front 200

What is the interventricular foramina?

Back 200

connects the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricles

Front 201

NAME
this connects the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle

Back 201

interventricular foramina

Front 202

What are (2)projections found int the dura mater?

Back 202

(1)falx (2)tentorium cerebelli

Front 203

NAME
this layer of the meninges has two projections that falx and the tentorium cerebellis

Back 203

dura mater

Front 204

What is the falx?

Back 204

a projection off of the dura mater that seperates the cerebral hemispheres

Front 205

NAME
this is a projection off of the dura mater that separates the cerebral hemispheres

Back 205

falx

Front 206

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

Back 206

is a projection off of the dura mater that separates the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum

Front 207

What is the differ btwn the falx and the tentorium cerebellis?(2)

Back 207

(1)falx-is a projection off of the dura mater that seperates the cerebral hemispheres (2)tentorium cerebellis is a projection off of the dura mater that separates the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum

Front 208

What is the differ btwn the falx and the tentorium cerebellis?(2)

Back 208

(1)falx-is a projection off of the dura mater that seperates the cerebral hemispheres (2)tentorium cerebellis is a projection off of the dura mater that separates the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum

Front 209

within the projections in the dura mater are (1)

Back 209

the dural sinuses

Front 210

Where are the dural sinuses found?

Back 210

in the projections of the dura mater

Front 211

What are the dural sinuses?

Back 211

return CSF and venous blood to the jugular veins

Front 212

NAME
these return CSF and venous blood to the juglar veins

Back 212

dural sinuses

Front 213

dural sinuses drain into the (1)

Back 213

jugular veins

Front 214

STOPED HERE

Back 214

STOPED HERE

Front 215

NS comes from (1)

Back 215

ectoderm

Front 216

What is ectoderm tissue?

Back 216

is the tissue that the NS comes from

Front 217

NAME
this is the tissue that the NS comes from

Back 217

ectoderm

Front 218

What are the (3)stages of the development of the NS?

Back 218

(1)preembroyonic (2)embroynic (3)fetal

Front 219

When does the preembryonic stage occur?

Back 219

conception to 2 weeks

Front 220

NAME
this stage of development lasts from conception to 2 weeks

Back 220

preembroyonic stage

Front 221

What is the most important event of the preembroyinic stage?

Back 221

the implanation of what will be the embyro

Front 222

NAME
the most important event during this stage is the implanation of waht will be the embyro

Back 222

preembryonic stage

Front 223

What are (3)kind of tissue that all forms of life start out w?

Back 223

(1)embryonic disk (2)ectoderm (3)endoderm

Front 224

After the embyronic disk, ectoderm, and the enderm form, (1)tissue develops

Back 224

mesoderm

Front 225

What is mesoderm?

Back 225

develops into all types of connective tissue

Front 226

NAME
this type of tissue develops into all types of connective tissue

Back 226

mesoderm

Front 227

What happens during the preembroyinic stage? (6)

Back 227

(1)the fertilized ovum begins cell division moving down the uterine tube and into the cavity of the utereus (2)a solid sphere of cells called blastocyst form (3)the blastocyst implants into the endometrium of the uterus (4)during this process, the inner cell mass develop into the embroynic disk w two layers-the ectoderm and endoderm (5)the embroynic disk expands (6)later, mesoderm forms in btwn the ectoderm and endoderm

Front 228

What happens during the preembroyinic stage? (6)

Back 228

(1)the fertilized ovum begins cell division moving down the uterine tube and into the cavity of the utereus (2)a solid sphere of cells called blastocyst form (3)the blastocyst implants into the endometrium of the uterus (4)during this process, the inner cell mass develop into the embroynic disk w two layers-the ectoderm and endoderm (5)the embroynic disk expands (6)later, mesoderm forms in btwn the ectoderm and endoderm

Front 229

What happens during the preembroyinic stage? (6)

Back 229

(1)the fertilized ovum begins cell division moving down the uterine tube and into the cavity of the utereus (2)a solid sphere of cells called blastocyst form (3)the blastocyst implants into the endometrium of the uterus (4)during this process, the inner cell mass develop into the embroynic disk w two layers-the ectoderm and endoderm (5)the embroynic disk expands (6)later, mesoderm forms in btwn the ectoderm and endoderm

Front 230

What is the blastocyst?

Back 230

is a sphere of cells that forms during the preembroynic stage

Front 231

What will happen to the blastocyst later ?(2)

Back 231

(1)the outer layer will become the fetal contribution to the placenta (2)the inner cell mass will become the embryo

Front 232

NAME
this is a sphere of cells that forms during the preembroynic stage

Back 232

blastocyst

Front 233

NAME
eventually the outer layer of this will become the fetal contribution to the placenta and the inner cell mass will become the embyro

Back 233

blastocyst

Front 234

the embryonic disk consists of two layer: (1)and (2)

Back 234

(1)ectoderm (2)endoderm

Front 235

What are the two layers of the embroynic disk?(2)

Back 235

(1)ectoderm (2)endoderm

Front 236

NAME
this has two layers: ectoderm and endoderm

Back 236

embryonic disk

Front 237

(1)forms btwn the ectoderm and endoderm

Back 237

mesoderm

Front 238

the central part of the ectoderm will become the (1)

Back 238

neural plate

Front 239

the neural plate will invaginate to become the (1)

Back 239

neural groove

Front 240

the (1)will invaginate to become the neural groove

Back 240

neural plate

Front 241

(1)will eventually become the vertebrae and muscles of the spine

Back 241

somite

Front 242

What happens to the somites during development?

Back 242

eventually they will become the veretrbrae and muscles of the back

Front 243

NAME
eventually these will become the vertebrae and muscles of the back

Back 243

somite

Front 244

When is the embryonic stage of development?

Back 244

from the 2nd to the 8th week

Front 245

NAME
this stage occurs from the 2nd to the 8th week of pregrnacy

Back 245

embroynic stage

Front 246

List all of the stages of development of the NS in order

Back 246

(1)preembroynic= conception to 2 weeks
(2)embroynic stage=2 weeks to 8 weeks
(3)fetal stage= end of the 8th week until birth

Front 247

When does the fetal stage of development occur?

Back 247

the end of the 8th week until birth

Front 248

NAME
this stage of development occurs from end of the 8th week until birth

Back 248

fetal stage

Front 249

(1)plays in important role in the closing of the neuropores

Back 249

folic acid

Front 250

folic acid plays an important role in the closing of the (1)

Back 250

neuropores

Front 251

What happens during the embryonic stage?

Back 251

the organs are formed

Front 252

NAME
during this stage of development the organs are formed

Back 252

embryonic stage

Front 253

What happens during the fetal stage?

Back 253

the nervous system develops more fully and myelination occurs

Front 254

NAME
during this stage, the nervous system develops more fully and myelination occurs

Back 254

fetal stage

Front 255

What does the ectoderm become? (3)

Back 255

(1)sensory organs (2)epidermis (3)NS

Front 256

The ectoderm becomes the (1),(2),and (3)

Back 256

(1)sensory organs (2)epidermist (3)NS

Front 257

NAME
evnetually this type of tissue becomes the sensory organs, epidermis, and NS

Back 257

ectoderm

Front 258

What does the mesoderm become?

Back 258

all connective tissue such as dermis, muscles, skeleton, excretory, and circulatory systems

Front 259

NAME
this tissue eventually becomes all connective tissues like the dermis, muscles, skeleton, excretory, and circulatory systems

Back 259

mesoderm

Front 260

What does the endoderm become?

Back 260

(1)gut (2)liver (3)pancreas (4)respiratory system

Front 261

NAME
this eventually becomes the gut, liver, pancreas, and respiratory system

Back 261

endoderm

Front 262

NAME
this eventually becomes the gut, liver, pancreas, and respiratory system

Back 262

endoderm

Front 263

What are the neuropores?

Back 263

are the open ends of the neural tube

Front 264

NAME
these are the open ends of the neural tube

Back 264

neuropores

Front 265

If the superior neuropore doesnt close then the child will have (1)

Back 265

incepahaly

Front 266

If the (1)happens then the child will have incephalay

Back 266

the superior neuropore doesnt close

Front 267

What does incepahaly latin for?

Back 267

no brain

Front 268

NAME
this is latin for no brain

Back 268

incephalay

Front 269

The most common condition of the defects in the neural tubes is when the (1)

Back 269

inferior neuropore doesnt close

Front 270

If the inferior neuropore does not close then the child will have (1)

Back 270

spinia bifidia

Front 271

If the (1)happens then the child will have spinia bifidia

Back 271

inferior neurpore does not close

Front 272

What does the fetal stage start w?(3)

Back 272

(1)forebrain (2)midbrain (3)hindbrain

Front 273

NAME
this stage starts w the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain

Back 273

fetal stage

Front 274

What is the neural plate?

Back 274

is a longitudinal thickening of ectoderm that is the start of the NS

Front 275

NAME
this is a longitudinal thickening of the ectoderm that is the start of the NS

Back 275

neural plate

Front 276

What is neural groove?

Back 276

refers to the folded edges of the neural plate that grow toward each to evnetually touch and form the neural tube

Front 277

The edges of the neural plate fold to form the (1)

Back 277

neural groove

Front 278

the edges of the (1)fold to form the neural groove

Back 278

neural plate

Front 279

NAME
this refers to the folded edges of the neural plate that grow toward each to evnetually touch and form the neural tube

Back 279

neural groove

Front 280

When the folds of the neural groove eventually touch, they become the (1)

Back 280

neural tube

Front 281

When the (1),they become the neural tube

Back 281

folds of the neural groove touch

Front 282

What are neuropores?

Back 282

are openings in the neural tube

Front 283

NAME
these are openings in the neural tube

Back 283

neuropores

Front 284

Cells adjacent to the neural tube seperate from the tube and the remaining ectoderm to form the (1)

Back 284

neural crest

Front 285

What is the neural crest?

Back 285

refers to cells adjacent to the neural tube from the tube and the remaining ectoderm seperate and form the neural crest

Front 286

What happens when the neural crest develops?

Back 286

the neural crest and neural tube move inside the embryo

Front 287

When the (1)the neural crest and the neural tube move inside the embryo

Back 287

neural tube develops

Front 288

Describe the neural tube foramation?(8)

Back 288

(1)the edges of the neural plate fold to create the neural groove and the folds grow towards each other (2)when the folds touch, the neural tube is formed (3)the neural tube closes in cervical region and the neural groove closes (4)the cells adjacent to the neural tube seprate from the tube and the remaining ectoderm forms the neural crest (5)once the neural crest develops, the neural tube and the neural crest move inside the embyro (6)the overlying ectoderm closes over the tube and the neural crest (7)the superior and inferior neuropore close (8)the tube differentiates into two layers: marginal and mantle layer

Front 289

Describe the neural tube foramation?(8)

Back 289

(1)the edges of the neural plate fold to create the neural groove and the folds grow towards each other (2)when the folds touch, the neural tube is formed (3)the neural tube closes in cervical region and the neural groove closes (4)the cells adjacent to the neural tube seprate from the tube and the remaining ectoderm forms the neural crest (5)once the neural crest develops, the neural tube and the neural crest move inside the embyro (6)the overlying ectoderm closes over the tube and the neural crest (7)the superior and inferior neuropore close (8)the tube differentiates into two layers: marginal and mantle layer

Front 290

Describe the neural tube foramation?(8)

Back 290

(1)the edges of the neural plate fold to create the neural groove and the folds grow towards each other (2)when the folds touch, the neural tube is formed (3)the neural tube closes in cervical region and the neural groove closes (4)the cells adjacent to the neural tube seprate from the tube and the remaining ectoderm forms the neural crest (5)once the neural crest develops, the neural tube and the neural crest move inside the embyro (6)the overlying ectoderm closes over the tube and the neural crest (7)the superior and inferior neuropore close (8)the tube differentiates into two layers: marginal and mantle layer

Front 291

When does neural tube formation occur?

Back 291

btwn day 18 t0 26

Front 292

NAME
this occurs tbwn day 18 and 26

Back 292

neural tube formation

Front 293

When does neural tube formation occur?

Back 293

btwn day 18 t0 26

Front 294

When do the superior and inferior neuropore close?

Back 294

(1)superior neuropore close at day 27 (2)inferior neuropore closes at day 30

Front 295

NAME
this closes at day 30

Back 295

inferior neuropore

Front 296

NAME
this closes at day 27

Back 296

superior neuropore

Front 297

WHen does the inferior neuropore close?

Back 297

30

Front 298

When does the superior neuropore close?

Back 298

27

Front 299

the neural tube differeniates into the (1)and (2)layer

Back 299

marginal and mantle

Front 300

the (1) differeniates into the marginal and mantle layers

Back 300

neural tube

Front 301

What is the mantle layer of the neural tube?

Back 301

contains cell bodies and will become gray matter

Front 302

NAME
this contains cell bodies and will become gray matter

Back 302

mantle layer

Front 303

What is the marginal layer of the neural tube?

Back 303

is the outer wall that contains processes of cells whose bodies are located in the mantle layer and will become white matter

Front 304

NAME
this is part of the outer wall that contains processes of cells whose bodies are located in the mantle and will become white matter

Back 304

marginal layer of the neural tube

Front 305

the (1)and (2)develop entirely from the neural tube

Back 305

(1)brain (2)spinal cord

Front 306

the brain and the spinal cord develop entirely from the (1)

Back 306

neural tube

Front 307

As the neural tube closes, the adjacent mesoderm divides into spherical cell clusters called (1)

Back 307

somites

Front 308

What are somites?

Back 308

refers to spherical cell clustors that form from the adjacent mesoderm after the neural tube closes

Front 309

NAME
this refers to spherical cell clustors that form from the adjacent mesoderm after the neural tube closes

Back 309

somites

Front 310

in the mature spinal cord, the gray matter derived from the (1)is called the dorsal horn

Back 310

association plate

Front 311

in the mature spinal cord, the gray matter derived from the assocation plate is called the (1)

Back 311

dorsal horn

Front 312

What are the parts of the somites?(3)

Back 312

(1)sclerotomes (2)myotomes (3)dermatomes

Front 313

NAME
some parts of this include sclerotomes, myotomes, and dermatomes

Back 313

somites

Front 314

What are the sclerotomes?

Back 314

are part of the somites that becomes the vertebrae and the skull

Front 315

NAME
this is part of the somites that becomes the vertebrae and the skull

Back 315

sclerotomes

Front 316

What is a myotome?

Back 316

is part of the somite that becomes the skeletal muscle

Front 317

NAME
this is part of the somites that becomes the skeletal muscles

Back 317

myotome

Front 318

What is the dermatome?

Back 318

think d for dermis

is part of the somite that becomes the dermis

Front 319

NAME
this is part of the somite that becomes the dermis

Back 319

dermatomte (d for dermis)

Front 320

What is the difference in how the PNS and the CNS develop?

Back 320

(1)the brain and spinal and cord develop from the neural tube (2)the PNS w the exception of the motor neuron axons develops from the neural crest

Front 321

Where does the PNS develop from (other than ectoderm)

Back 321

w the exception of the motor neuron axons-it develops from the neural crest

Front 322

NAME
w the exception of the motor neuron axons- this develops from the neural crest

Back 322

PNS

Front 323

When the (1)closes, the future brain regions of the neural tube expand:hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain

Back 323

superior neuropore

Front 324

When the superior neuropore closes, the furture (1)expand

Back 324

brain regions

Front 325

What are the furture brain regions that form after the superior nueorpore closes?(3)

Back 325

(1)hindbrain (2)forebrain (3)midbrain

Front 326

hindbrain is also called the (1)

Back 326

rhombencephalon

Front 327

(1)is also called the rhombencephalon

Back 327

hindbrain

Front 328

the midbrain is also called the (1)

Back 328

think m for

mesencephalon

Front 329

mesencephalon is also called the (1)

Back 329

think m for
midbrain

Front 330

the forebrain is also called the (1)

Back 330

prosencephalon

Front 331

the prosencephalon is also called the (1)

Back 331

forebrain

Front 332

the hind brain divides into (1)and (2)

Back 332

(1)myelenceaphalon (2)metencephalon

Front 333

the (1)divides into the myelenceapholon and the metencephalon

Back 333

hindbrain

Front 334

Draw a chart explaining how the brain develops

Back 334

see pg 88 table 5-1

Front 335

Draw a chart explaining how the brain develops

Back 335

see pg 88 table 5-1

Front 336

Draw a chart explaining how the brain develops

Back 336

see pg 88 table 5-1

Front 337

The forebrain develops into the (1)and (2)d

Back 337

(1)diencephalon (2)telencephalon

Front 338

the (1)develops into the diencephalon and the telencephelong

Back 338

forebrain

Front 339

What does the metencephalon develop into ?(4)

Back 339

(1)pons (2)upper medulla (3)cerebellum (4)4th ventricle

Front 340

NAME
this develops into the pons, upper medulla, cerebellum, and 4th ventricle

Back 340

metencephalon

Front 341

What does the midbrain develop into?(2)

Back 341

midbrain (2)cerebral aqueduct

Front 342

NAME
this develops into the midbrain and the cerebral aqueduct

Back 342

midbrain

Front 343

What does the diencephalon develop into?(3)

Back 343

(1)thalamus (2)hypothalamus (3)3rd ventricle

Front 344

nAME
this develops into the thalamus, hypothalamus, and 3rd ventricle

Back 344

diencephalon

Front 345

What does the telencephalon develop into?

Back 345

(1)cerebral hemispheres including the basal ganglia, cerebral cortex, and lateral ventricles

Front 346

NAME
this develops into the cerebral hemispheres including the basal ganglia, cerebral cortex, and the lateral ventricles

Back 346

telencephalon

Front 347

T or F
lateral areas of the hemisphere do not grow as much as other areas

Back 347

true

Front 348

What happens after the brain' regions develop?(2)

Back 348

(1)bc the lateral hemisphers do not grow as much, the cortex becomes covered by other regions. this covered region is called insula forms and lateral sulcus form (2)the surfaces of the cerebral and cerebrelluar hemispheres begin to fold creating sulci grooves and gyri

Front 349

What happens after the brain' regions develop?(2)

Back 349

(1)bc the lateral hemisphers do not grow as much, the cortex becomes covered by other regions. this covered region is called insula forms and lateral sulcus form (2)the surfaces of the cerebral and cerebrelluar hemispheres begin to fold creating sulci grooves and gyri

Front 350

What happens after the brain' regions develop?(2)

Back 350

(1)bc the lateral hemisphers do not grow as much, the cortex becomes covered by other regions. this covered region is called insula forms and lateral sulcus form (2)the surfaces of the cerebral and cerebrelluar hemispheres begin to fold creating sulci grooves and gyri

Front 351

What is the insula?

Back 351

refers to the region of the cortex that becomes covered by other regions bc it does not grow as much

Front 352

NAME
this refers to the region of the cortex that becomes covered by other regions bc it does not grow as much

Back 352

insula

Front 353

What is the sulci?

Back 353

are grooves into the surface of the brain

Front 354

NAME
these are grooves into the surface of the brain

Back 354

sulci

Front 355

What are gyri?

Back 355

are elevations on the surface of the brain

Front 356

NAME
these are elevations on the surface of the brain

Back 356

gyri

Front 357

What is the growth cone?

Back 357

is a foward end of the process that expands from a neuron to sample the evironment

Front 358

NAME
this is a foward end of the process that expands from a neuron to sample the evironment

Back 358

growth cone

Front 359

T or F
in early development, many neurons that develop do not surivive

Back 359

true

Front 360

(1)claims many as half of the neurons formed during development

Back 360

neuron death

Front 361

development is partially dependent on (1)

Back 361

activity

Front 362

development is partially dependent on (1)

Back 362

activity

Front 363

Why is development partialyl dependent on activity?

Back 363

bc many neurons die

Front 364

What are (2)processes that scuplt the NS?

Back 364

(1)neuronal death (2)axon retraction

Front 365

T or F
motor neurons are not competely myelinated until 2 years old

Back 365

true

Front 366

motor neurons are not competely myelinated until (1)old

Back 366

2 yrs

Front 367

WHen is NS damage deceted in children?

Back 367

not until the system that is damaged would normally be functional

Front 368

When is the CN most suscpetible to maliformations?

Back 368

day 14 to week 20

Front 369

What is anencephaly?

Back 369

is disease in which the formation of the brain stem w/out the cerebral and cerebellar hemisphers occured bc the superior neuropore did not close

Front 370

NAME
this is disease in which the formation of the brain stem w/out the cerebral and cerebellar hemisphers occured bc the superior neuropore did not close

Back 370

anencephaly

Front 371

What is the arnold=chiari malformation?

Back 371

is a developmental deformity of the hindbrain

Front 372

NAME
this is a developmental deformity of the hindbrain

Back 372

Arnold-chiari malformation

Front 373

What the differ types of Arnol-chiari malformation?

Back 373

type I and II

Front 374

What is Arnold-Chiari type I?

Back 374

is not assocated w defects of the lower neural tube and consists of herniation of the cerebrelluar tonisil through the foramen magnum into the vertbral canal

Front 375

NAME
this is the is not assocated w defects of the lower neural tube and consists of herniation of the cerebrelluar tonisil through the foramen magnum into the vertbral canal

Back 375

arnold-Chiari type I

Front 376

What is the differ btwn type I and II Arnold-Chiari malformation?

Back 376

(1)type I-is not assocated w defects of the lower neural tube and consists of herniation of the cerebrelluar tonisil through the foramen magnum into the vertbral canal (2)type II-signs are present infancy and consists of malformation of the brain stem and cerebellum leading to the extension of the medulla and cerebellum through the foramen magnum

Front 377

What is the differ btwn type I and II Arnold-Chiari malformation?

Back 377

(1)type I-is not assocated w defects of the lower neural tube and consists of herniation of the cerebrelluar tonisil through the foramen magnum into the vertbral canal (2)type II-signs are present infancy and consists of malformation of the brain stem and cerebellum leading to the extension of the medulla and cerebellum through the foramen magnum

Front 378

What is type II Arnold-Chiari malformation?

Back 378

type II-signs are present infancy and consists of malformation of the brain stem and cerebellum leading to the extension of the medulla and cerebellum through the foramen magnum

Front 379

NAME
signs are present infancy and consists of malformation of the brain stem and cerebellum leading to the extension of the medulla and cerebellum through the foramen magnum

Back 379

type II arnold-chiari malformation

Front 380

What are the (4)differ types of spinia bifidia?

Back 380

(1)occulta (2)meinogocele (3)meningomyelocele (4)myeloschis

Front 381

NAME
there are three types of this: occulta, meinogocele, meingmoyelocele, and myeloschis

Back 381

spinia bifidia

Front 382

What are the differ parts of the diencepahlon?(4)

Back 382

(1)thalamus (2)hypothalamus (3)epithalamus (4)subthalamus

Front 383

NAME
this has 4 parts: thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, and subthalamus

Back 383

diencephalon

Front 384

What is spinia bifida occulta?(2)

Back 384

is when the nueral arch fails to close and the spinous process is not formed (2)there is usally a tuft of hair over the area

Front 385

NAME
people w this type of spinia bifidia have an incomplete arch fails to close and the spinous process is not formed. There is usally a tuft of hair over the area

Back 385

spinia bifidia occulta

Front 386

What is the spinia bifidia meinogocele ?

Back 386

(1)is when there is a sac in which the menginges through the bony defict

Front 387

NAME
this is a when there is a sac in which the menginges through the bony defict

Back 387

spinia bifidia meinogocele

Front 388

What is spinia bifidia meningomyelocele ?

Back 388

is when there is a sac in which the spinal cord and the menginges through the bony defict

Front 389

NAME
this is when there is a sac in which the spinal cord and the mengines through the bony defict

Back 389

spinia bifidia meningomyelocele

Front 390

What is the spinia bifidia myeloschis?

Back 390

is the most severe form of spinia bifidia in which the spinal cord is malformed and the spinal cord is open to the surface of the body

Front 391

NAME
this is the most severe form of spinia bifidia in which the spinal cord is malformed and the spinal cord is open to the surface of the body

Back 391

spinia bifidia myeloschis

Front 392

Explain mental retardation

Back 392

half of the mentally retarded where shown to have have defects in the dendrties and dendritic spines--which the are the prefered sites of synapse

Front 393

NAME
nearly half of the people w this neural tube defect have defects in their dendrites and dendritic spines--which are the prefered sites of synapse

Back 393

mental retardation

Front 394

What does CP stand for?

Back 394

cerebral Palsy

Front 395

What is CP?

Back 395

is a movement and postural disorder caused by permanent, nonprogressive damage of the developing brain

Front 396

NAME
this is a movement and postural disorder caused by permanent nonprogressive damage of the developing brain

Back 396

CP

Front 397

What are the most common types of CP?(4)

Back 397

(1)spastic (2)athetoid (3)ataxic (4)mixed

Front 398

NAME
the most common types of this include spastic, athetoid, ataxic, and mixed

Back 398

CP

Front 399

What is spastic CP?

Back 399

is when the damaged neurons are adjacent to ventricles--often resulting in toe walking and a scissor gait

Front 400

NAME
people w this type of CP have damaged neurons adjacent to ventricles--often resulting in toe walking and a scissor gait

Back 400

spastic CP

Front 401

What is the athetoid CP?

Back 401

is characterized by slow, writhing movements of the extermeties and/or the trunk

Front 402

What is the scissor gait?

Back 402

refers to when one leg swings in front of the other instead of striaght foward producing a criss cross motion of the legs during walking

Front 403

NAME
this refers to when the leg swings in front of the other instead of the other instead of striaght foward producing a criss cross motion of the legs during walking

Back 403

scissor gait

Front 404

NAME
this is characterized by slow, writhing movements of the extermeties and/or the trunk

Back 404

athetoid CP

Front 405

In athetoid CP, which neuron is affected?

Back 405

the neuronal damage in the basal ganglia

Front 406

NAME
people w this type of CP, the neuornal damage is in the basal ganglia

Back 406

athetoid CP

Front 407

What is ataxic CP?

Back 407

consists of incoordination, weakness, and shaking during voluntary movement

Front 408

NAME
this consists of incoordination, weakness, and shaking during voluntary movements

Back 408

ataxtic CP

Front 409

What is the differ btwn spastic, atheoid, ataxic, and mixed CP?

Back 409

(1)spasict-muscles shortening often results in toe walking and a scissor gait (2)athetoid-is characterized by slow, writhing movements of the exteremities and/or the trunk (3)ataxic=consists of incoordination, weakness, and shaking during voluntary movements (4)mixed-invovles more than one type of abrnormal movements coexist in a person

Front 410

What is mixed CP?

Back 410

this involves more than one type of abnormal movements coexist in a person

Front 411

NAME
this involves more than one type of abnormal movements coexists in a person

Back 411

mixed CP

Front 412

What was originally believed to cause CP?

Back 412

from difficulties during birth

Front 413

What are some causes of CP?(8)

Back 413

(1_include abnormal development in utero (2)metabolic-abnormalities(3) disorders of the immune system (4)coagulation disorders(5) infections (6) trauma(7) and(8) hypoxia

Front 414

NAME
some causes of this include abnormal development in utero, metabolic-abnormalities, disorders of the immune system, coagulation disorders, infections, trauma, and hypoaxia

Back 414

CP

Front 415

Where is the spinal cord located?

Back 415

is continous w the medulla to the L1-2 intervertebral space

Front 416

NAME
this is continous w the medulla to the L1-L2 intervertebral space

Back 416

spinal cord

Front 417

(1)are required for axons to exit the lumbosacaral part of the spinal cord

Back 417

long roots

Front 418

long roots are required for axons to exit the (1)part of the spinal cord

Back 418

lumbosacral

Front 419

Why are long roots required for axons to exit the lumbosacral portion of the spinal cord?

Back 419

bc the spinal cord is not present below the L1-L2 region

Front 420

The spinal cord is not present below the (1)region

Back 420

L1-L2

Front 421

The (1)is not present below the L1-L2 region

Back 421

spinal Cord

Front 422

where does the spinal cord end?

Back 422

l1-l2

Front 423

What are rootlets?

Back 423

refers to small groups of axons that are sending info to the periphery system leave the cord

Front 424

NAME
these refer to small groups of axons that are sending info to the PNS leave the cord

Back 424

rootlets

Front 425

What are (2)kinds of rootlets?

Back 425

(1)ventral (2)dorsal

Front 426

What is the ventral root?

Back 426

contains motor axons

Front 427

NAME
this contains motor axons

Back 427

ventral

Front 428

What is the dorsal root?

Back 428

contains sensory axons

Front 429

NAME
this contains sensory axons

Back 429

dorsal rootlets

Front 430

What is the differ btwn dorsal and ventral rootlets?

Back 430

(1)dorsal=contains sensory axons (2)ventral =contains motor axons

Front 431

What is the spinal nerve?

Back 431

is a mixed nerve that contains both sensory and motor axons

Front 432

NAME
this is a mixed nerve that contains both sensory and motor axons

Back 432

spinal nerve

Front 433

the ventral and dorsal root converge to form the (1)

Back 433

spinal nerve

Front 434

the (1)and (2)converge to form the spinal nerve

Back 434

(1)ventral (2)dorsal

Front 435

What is the dorsal root ganglion?

Back 435

contains cell bodies of sensory neurons

Front 436

NAME
this contains cell bodies of sensory neurons

Back 436

dorsal roots ganglion

Front 437

Each dorsal root has a (1)

Back 437

dorsal root ganglion

Front 438

Each segment of the cord is connected to a specific region of the body by a (1)

Back 438

axons traveling through a pair of spinal nerve

Front 439

Each segment of the (1)is connected to a specfic region of the body by a axons traveliing through a pair of SN

Back 439

cord

Front 440

Describe the location of the SN (2)

Back 440

(1)cervical region, SN are found above the corrsponding vertebra except for the 8 SN emerges btwn C7 and T1 (2)in the remainder of cord, spinal nerves lie below the corresponding veretbrae

Front 441

Describe the location of the SN (2)

Back 441

(1)cervical region, SN are found above the corrsponding vertebra except for the 8 SN emerges btwn C7 and T1 (2)in the remainder of cord, spinal nerves lie below the corresponding veretbrae

Front 442

Each segment of the cord is connected to a specific region of the body by a (1)

Back 442

axons traveling through a pair of spinal nerve

Front 443

Except for the cervical region, spinal nerve lie (1)

Back 443

below the corresponding veretbrae

Front 444

In the cervical region except for SN 8, SN are found (1)

Back 444

above the corresponding verebrae

Front 445

In the cervical region except (1), SN are found above the corresponding veretbrae

Back 445

SN 8

Front 446

When does the SN split into the dorsal primary rami and ventral primary rami?

Back 446

when it goes through the intervertebral foramen

Front 447

the SN splits into the (1)and (2)

Back 447

dosral primary rami and ventral primary rami

Front 448

the (1)splits into the dosral primary rami and the ventral primary rami

Back 448

SN

Front 449

the SN splits into the (1)and (2)

Back 449

dosral primary rami and ventral primary rami

Front 450

the (1)splits into the dosral primary rami and the ventral primary rami

Back 450

SN

Front 451

What marks the beginning of the PNS?

Back 451

when the SN splits into the dorsal and ventral primary rami

Front 452

NAME
this beginning of this is marked by the spliting of the NS into the dorsal and ventral primary rami

Back 452

PNS

Front 453

What marks the end of the spinal region?

Back 453

the spliting of the SN into dorsal and ventral primary rami

Front 454

What is the dorsal primary rami?

Back 454

innervates the paravertebral muscles and adjacent skin and posterior veretbrae

Front 455

NAME
this innervetes the paravertbral muscles and the adjacent skin and posterior verebrae

Back 455

dorsal primary rami

Front 456

What is the ventral primary rami?

Back 456

innervetes the limbs and anterolateral trunk

Front 457

NAME
this innervetes the limbs and anterolateral trunk

Back 457

ventral primary rami

Front 458

What is the differ btwn the dorsal and ventral primary rami and the muscles they innervate?(2)

Back 458

(1)dorsal primary rami= innervates the paravertebral muscles and adjacent skin and posteior verebrae (2)ventral primary rami=innervetes the limbs and anterior lateral trunk

Front 459

What are propriospinal?

Back 459

are axons that begin and end w/in the spinal cord

Front 460

NAME
these are axons that begin and end w/in the spinal cord

Back 460

propriospinal

Front 461

What are the (3)differ parts of white matter?

Back 461

(1)anterior column (2)lateral column (3)dorsal column

Front 462

the dorsal and lateral columns of white matter contain (1)

Back 462

axons of tract cells, transmitting sensory info upward to the brain

Front 463

NAME
this contains axons of tract cells, transmitting sensory info upward to the brain

Back 463

dorsal and lateral columns of white matter

Front 464

the lateral and anterior white matter contains (1)

Back 464

axons of upper motor neurons

Front 465

NAME
these contain axons of the upper motor neurons

Back 465

lateral and anterior white matter

Front 466

Describe white matter ? (2)

Back 466

(1)the dorsal and lateral columns of white matter contain axons of tract cells, transmitting sensory info upward to the brain (2)lateral and anterior white matter contains axons of upper motor neurons

Front 467

Describe white matter ? (2)

Back 467

(1)the dorsal and lateral columns of white matter contain axons of tract cells, transmitting sensory info upward to the brain (2)lateral and anterior white matter contains axons of upper motor neurons

Front 468

Describe white matter ? (2)

Back 468

(1)the dorsal and lateral columns of white matter contain axons of tract cells, transmitting sensory info upward to the brain (2)lateral and anterior white matter contains axons of upper motor neurons

Front 469

What are upper motor neurons?

Back 469

convey info to descending neurons from the brain to interneurons and lower motor neurons

Front 470

NAME
these convey info to descending neurons from the brain to interneurons and lower motor neurons

Back 470

upper motor neurons

Front 471

the central part of the cord is marked by a (1)

Back 471

H shaped pattern of gray matter

Front 472

the (1)of the cord is marked by H shaped pattern of gray matter

Back 472

central part

Front 473

What is the central part of the spinal cord like?

Back 473

it is marked by a distinctive H-shaped pattern of gray matter

Front 474

What are the lateral sections of the gray matter like? (3)

Back 474

they are divided up into there regions: (1)dorsal horn (2)lateral horn (3)ventral horn

Front 475

NAME
this is divided up into there region:dorsal, lateral, and ventral horn

Back 475

the lateral sections of gray matter

Front 476

What is the dorsal horn?

Back 476

processes sensory info

Front 477

NAME
this part of the spinal cord processes autonomic info

Back 477

lateral horn

Front 478

What is the lateral horn ?

Back 478

it part of the spinal cord that processes autonomic info

Front 479

NAME
this is part of the spinal cord that processes sensory info

Back 479

dorsal horn

Front 480

What is the ventral horn?

Back 480

part of the spinal cord that proceses motor info

Front 481

NAME
this is part of the spinal cord that proceses motor info

Back 481

ventral horn

Front 482

What is the differ btwn the dorsal horn, lateral horn, and the ventral horn?(3)

Back 482

(1)dorsal horn=processes sensory info (2)lateral horn=processes autonomic info (3)ventral horn=processes motor information

Front 483

What are Rexed's laminae?

Back 483

are 10 histologic and functionally specific regions in the spinal cord gray matter

Front 484

NAME
these are 10 histologic and functionally specfic regions in the spinal cord and gray matter

Back 484

Rexed's laminae

Front 485

What is gray matter in the spinal cord like?

Back 485

composed of spinal interneurons

Front 486

the (1) is composed of spinal interneurons

Back 486

gray matter in the spinal cord

Front 487

What are spinal interneurons?

Back 487

cells w/in their somas in the gray matter

Front 488

NAME
these are cells w/in their somas in the gray matter

Back 488

interneurons

Front 489

What is rexed laminae?

Back 489

are 10 histologic and functionally specfic regions in the spinal cord of the gray matter

Front 490

NAME
these are 10 histologic and functionally specfic regions in the spinal cord of the gray matter

Back 490

rexed laminae

Front 491

segements of the spinal cord exchange info w other spinal cord segments, w the help of the (1)and the (2)

Back 491

peripheral nerves and the brain

Front 492

Natural stimuli simultaneously (1)

Back 492

excite a variety of receptor types

Front 493

(1)stimutaneously exicte a variety of receptor types

Back 493

natural stimuli

Front 494

give an ex of how natural stimuli simultaneously exicte a variety of receptor types?

Back 494

flexing a joint stimulates muscle spindles, Golgi tendons, joint strech, and pressure recpetors and cutaneous strech and pressure receptors

Front 495

afferent and descending info converges on the (1)

Back 495

same spinal interneurons

Front 496

(1)and (2)converges on the same spinal interneurons

Back 496

afferent and descending info

Front 497

(1)and (2)act together to produce goal directed movements

Back 497

reflexes and voluntary control

Front 498

reflexes and voluntary control act together to produce (1)

Back 498

goal directed movement

Front 499

What produces goal directed movement?

Back 499

reflexes and voluntary controls

Front 500

What does the spinal circuitry provide?(3)

Back 500

(1)modulation of sensory info (2)coordination of movement patterns (3)autonomic regulation

Front 501

NAME
this provides modulation of sensory info, coordination of movement patterns, and autonomic regulation

Back 501

spinal circuitry

Front 502

What are internueronal circuts?(2)

Back 502

coordinate activty in all the muscles when a limb moves

Front 503

NAME
these integrate the activity from all sources and adjust the output of the lower motor neurons

Back 503

interneuronal circuts

Front 504

What determine whether a single aplha motor neuron will fire?

Back 504

the summation activity of 20,000 to 50,000 synapses

Front 505

What are internueronal circuts?(2)

Back 505

integrate the activity from all sources and adjust the output of the lower motor neurons (2) in short they coordinate activty in all the muscles when a limb moves

Front 506

What are the spinal region reflexes?(4)

Back 506

(1)phasic stretch reflexes (2)tonic stretch reflexes (3)reciprocal inhibition (4)withdrawl reflexes

Front 507

NAME
these include phasic stretch reflexes, tonic stretch reflexes, reciprocal inhibition, and withdrawl reflexes

Back 507

spinal region reflexes

Front 508

(1)from skin, muscles, and/or joints can elicit a variety of withdrawl reflexes

Back 508

afferent

Front 509

afferent info from the skin, muscles, and/or joint can elicit a variety of (1)

Back 509

withdrawal reflexes

Front 510

During a withdrawl reflex, the response depends on the (1)

Back 510

site of stimulation

Front 511

What does the response depend on?

Back 511

the site of stimulation

Front 512

What is the local sign?

Back 512

refers to the specificity of the movement pattern

Front 513

NAME
this refers to the specificity of the movement pattern

Back 513

local sign

Front 514

What is the crossed extension reflex?

Back 514

refers to how another interneuoronal circut adjusts the muscle activity in the stance limb to prevent falling

Front 515

NAME
this refers to how another interneuronal circut adjusts the muscle activity in the stance limb to prevent falling

Back 515

crossed extension reflex

Front 516

Give an example of a withdrawl and crossed extension reflex(2)

Back 516

a person steps on tac. afferent fibers relay info to the brain and then motor fiber to the muscles in the feet to remove your foot from the tac (2)the crossed extension reflex= refers to how the interneuronal ciruct quickly adjusts the muscle activity in the stance limb to prevent falling

Front 517

What are (3)things that the inhibitory interneurons provide?

Back 517

(1)reciprocal inhibition (2)recurrent inhibition (3)non-reciprocal inhibition

Front 518

NAME
this provides the following things: reciprocal, recurrent, and non-reciprocal inhibition

Back 518

inhibitory interneurons

Front 519

What are renshaw cells?

Back 519

interneurons that produce recurrent inhibition

Front 520

NAME
these interneurons produce recurrent inhibition

Back 520

Renshaw cells

Front 521

What stimulates the Renshaw cells?

Back 521

alpha motor neurons

Front 522

(1)are stimulated by alpha motor neurons

Back 522

Renshaw cells

Front 523

What is the reciprocal inhibition?

Back 523

decreases the antagonist opposition to the action of agonist muscles

Front 524

NAME
this decreases the antagonist opposition to the action of agonist muscles

Back 524

reicprocal inhibition

Front 525

What is recurrent inhibition?

Back 525

focuses motor activity

Front 526

NAME
this focuses motor activity

Back 526

recurrent inhibition

Front 527

What is nonrecepiprocal inhibition?

Back 527

sculpts the motor output of large groups of muscles

Front 528

NAME
this sculpts the motor output of large groups of muscles

Back 528

nonreciprocal inhibition

Front 529

What is the differ btwn reciprocal, recurrent, and non-reciprocal inhibition? (3)

Back 529

(1)reciprocal inhibition=decreases antagonist opposition to the action of agonist muscles (2)recurrent inhibition=focuses motor activity (3)nonreciprocal inhibition=sculpts the motor output of large groups of muscles

Front 530

What is the differ btwn reciprocal, recurrent, and non-reciprocal inhibition? (3)

Back 530

(1)reciprocal inhibition=decreases antagonist opposition to the action of agonist muscles (2)recurrent inhibition=focuses motor activity (3)nonreciprocal inhibition=sculpts the motor output of large groups of muscles

Front 531

the sacral spinal cord contains centers for the control of (1)

Back 531

urination, bowel function, and sexual function

Front 532

NAME
this contains centers for the control of urination, bowel function, and sexual function

Back 532

sacral spinal

Front 533

What does the sacral spinal cord contain? (3)

Back 533

centers for urination (2)bowel function (3)sexual function

Front 534

When the bladder is empty, the (1)inhibit contraction of the bladder

Back 534

sympathetic efferents

Front 535

when the bladder empty, the sympathetic efferents (1)

Back 535

inhibit contraction of the bladder

Front 536

When the bladder is full, (1)stimulate the bladder wall contraction and open the internal sphincter and somatic efferents open the external sphincter

Back 536

parasympathetic impulses

Front 537

when the bladder the is full, parasympathetic impulses stimulate the (1)

Back 537

bladder wall contraction and open the internal sphincter and somatic efferents open the external sphincter

Front 538

Explain how the bladder works (4)

Back 538

(1)when the bladder is empty, the sympathetic efferents inhibit the contraction of the internal sphincter (2)When the bladder fills, stretching of the bladder wall is sensed by propripceters transmits impulses to the reflex center in the sacral cord and efferent impulses initiate voiding (3)parasympathetic impulses stimulate bladder wall contraction and open the internal sphincter (4)somatic efferents open the extenral sphincter

Front 539

Explain how the bladder works (4)

Back 539

(1)when the bladder is empty, the sympathetic efferents inhibit the contraction of the internal sphincter (2)When the bladder fills, stretching of the bladder wall is sensed by propripceters transmits impulses to the reflex center in the sacral cord and efferent impulses initiate voiding (3)parasympathetic impulses stimulate bladder wall contraction and open the internal sphincter (4)somatic efferents open the extenral sphincter

Front 540

Explain how the bladder works (4)

Back 540

(1)when the bladder is empty, the sympathetic efferents inhibit the contraction of the internal sphincter (2)When the bladder fills, stretching of the bladder wall is sensed by propripceters transmits impulses to the reflex center in the sacral cord and efferent impulses initiate voiding (3)parasympathetic impulses stimulate bladder wall contraction and open the internal sphincter (4)somatic efferents open the extenral sphincter

Front 541

NAME
this opens the external sphincter of the bladder

Back 541

somatic efferent fibers

Front 542

NAME
this stimulates bladder wall contraction and opens the internal sphincter of the bladder

Back 542

parasympathic impulses

Front 543

(1)is similar to bladder control

Back 543

bowel functioning

Front 544

bowel functioning is similar to (1)

Back 544

bladder control

Front 545

What is required for reflexive functions of the bladder, bowel and male sex organs?(3)

Back 545

intact afferents (2)lumbar and sacral cord segments (3)somatic and autonomic efferents

Front 546

NAME(3)
These require intact afferents, lumbar and sacral cord segments, and somatic and autonomic efferents

Back 546

reflexive functions of the bladder, (2)bowel (3)and male sex organs

Front 547

What is required for voluntary control of reflexive functions of the bladder, bowel, and male sex organs?

Back 547

intact neural pathways btwn the organ and the cerebral cortex

Front 548

NAME (3)
this requires intact neural pathways btwn the organ and the cerebral cortex

Back 548

reflexive functions of the bladder, (2)bowel (3)and male sex organs

Front 549

STOPED HERE

Back 549

STOPPED HERE

Front 550

What are syndromes?

Back 550

are a collection of signs and symptoms that do not indicate a specfic etiology

Front 551

NAME
these are a collection of signs and symptoms that do not indicate a specfic etiology

Back 551

syndromes

Front 552

Give some examples of spinal region syndromes?(5)

Back 552

(1)anterior cord syndrome (2)central cord syndrome (3)Brown-Sequard syndrome (4)Cauda equine syndrome (5)tehered cord syndrome

Front 553

What is the anterior cord syndrome?

Back 553

interferes w pain and temperature sensation and w motor control

Front 554

NAME
this syndrome interferes w pain and temperature sensation and w motor control

Back 554

anterior cord syndrome

Front 555

What is the central cord syndrome?(3)

Back 555

usally occurs at the cerivcal region (2)if the lesion is small, loss of pain and temperature info occurs at the level of the lesion (3)larger lesions impair upper limb motor function

Front 556

NAME
this syndrome usally occurs in the cervical region. If the lesion is small, loss of pain and temperature info occurs at the level of the lesion. Larger lesions impair upper limb motor function

Back 556

central cord syndrome

Front 557

What is Brown-Sequard syndrome?(4)

Back 557

(1)results from a hemisection of the cord (2)includes losses of lower motor neurons and all sensations (3)bewlow the level of the lesion, voluntary motor control, conscious propricoception and discriminitative touch are lost ipsilaterally (4)temperature sensation are lost contralaterally

Front 558

What is cuada equina syndrome?

Back 558

indicates the damage to the lumbar and or sacral spinal roots causing sensory impairment and flaccid paralysis of lower limb muscles, bladder, and bowels

Front 559

NAME
this syndrome indicates damage to the lumbar or sacral spinal roots causing sensory impairments and flaccid paralysis of lower limb muscles, bladder, and bowels

Back 559

cauda equina syndrome

Front 560

What is tethered cord syndrome? (20

Back 560

refers to how during development, the veretbral column grows longer than the spinal cord. (2)sometimes the spinal cord becomes attached to the surrounding structures or abnormal development can lead to tethering of the spinal cord

Front 561

NAME
this syndrome occurs ow during development, the veretbral column grows longer than the spinal cord. (2)sometimes the spinal cord becomes attached to the surrounding structures or abnormal development can lead to tethering of the spinal cor

Back 561

tethered cord syndrome

Front 562

What are some usally causes of traumatic spinal cord injuries? (4)

Back 562

(1)motor vehicle accidents (2)sports injuries (3)falls (4)pentrating wounds

Front 563

T or F
motor vechilce accidents, sports injuries, and falls tend to sever the cord

Back 563

false

Front 564

What happens immediately after a tramuatic spinal cord injury?

Back 564

cord functions below the lesion are depressed or lost

Front 565

What is spinal shock?

Back 565

is when cord functions below the lesion are depressed or lost

Front 566

NAME
this is when cord functions below the lesion are depressed or lost

Back 566

spinal shock

Front 567

What causes spinal cord shock?

Back 567

is due to the interruption of descending tracts that supply tonic facilation to the spinal cord neurons

Front 568

NAME
this is due to the interruption of descending tracts that supply tonic faclation to the spinal cord neurons

Back 568

spinal shock

Front 569

What are (4)things that are lost or impaired during spinal cord shock?

Back 569

(1)somatic reflexes including strech reflexes, withdrawl reflexes, and crossed extension reflexes are lost (2)autonomic reflexes including smooth muscles ton and reflexive emptying of the bladder and bowels are lost or impaired (3)autonomic regulation of blood pressure is impaired resulting in hypertension (4)control of sweating and piloerection is lost

Front 570

What are (4)things that are lost or impaired during spinal cord shock?

Back 570

(1)somatic reflexes including strech reflexes, withdrawl reflexes, and crossed extension reflexes are lost (2)autonomic reflexes including smooth muscles ton and reflexive emptying of the bladder and bowels are lost or impaired (3)autonomic regulation of blood pressure is impaired resulting in hypertension (4)control of sweating and piloerection is lost

Front 571

What are (4)things that are lost or impaired during spinal cord shock?

Back 571

(1)somatic reflexes including strech reflexes, withdrawl reflexes, and crossed extension reflexes are lost (2)autonomic reflexes including smooth muscles ton and reflexive emptying of the bladder and bowels are lost or impaired (3)autonomic regulation of blood pressure is impaired resulting in hypertension (4)control of sweating and piloerection is lost

Front 572

NAME
during this, somatic reflexes including strech reflexes, withdrawl reflexes, and crossed extension reflexes are lost, autonomic reflexes including the smooth muscles ton and reflexive empyting of the bladder and bowels are lost or impaired, autonomic regulation of blood pressure is impaired resulting in hypertension, and control of piloerection is lost

Back 572

spinal shock

Front 573

T or F
several weeks after injury, most people experience some recovery of function in the cord-leading to return of reflex below the lesion

Back 573

true

Front 574

several weeks after the injury, most people experience some recovery of function in the cord--leading to (1)

Back 574

the return of reflex belwo the lesion

Front 575

damage to the (1)cord results in quadriplegia

Back 575

cervical

Front 576

damage to the cervical cord results in (1)

Back 576

quadriplegia

Front 577

quadriplegia is also called (1)

Back 577

tetraplegia

Front 578

(1)is also called the tetraplegia

Back 578

quadriplegia

Front 579

People with lesions (1)cannot breathe independently

Back 579

above the C4

Front 580

People w lesions above the C4 region (1)

Back 580

cannot breathe independently

Front 581

What is the phrenic nerve?

Back 581

innervates the diaphragm

Front 582

NAME
this muscle innervetes the diaphrgam

Back 582

phrenic nerve

Front 583

NAME
this results from damage to the cord below the cervical level

Back 583

paraplegia

Front 584

Paraplegia results from damage to the cord (1)

Back 584

below the cervical level

Front 585

Draw a chart o the CN

Back 585

see pg 10

Front 586

Draw a chart o the CN

Back 586

see pg 10

hint=o's are first grouped together and T=s 2nd grouped together

Front 587

Draw a chart o the CN

Back 587

see pg 10

Front 588

Draw a chart o the CN

Back 588

see pg 10

Front 589

Draw a chart o the CN

Back 589

see pg 10

Front 590

CN I is also called the (1)

Back 590

olfactory nerve

Front 591

(1)is also called the olfactory nerve

Back 591

CN I

Front 592

CN II is also called the (1)

Back 592

optic nerve

Front 593

(1)is also called the optic nerve

Back 593

CN II

Front 594

CN III is also called the (1)

Back 594

oculomotor nerve

Front 595

(1)is also called the oculomotor nerve

Back 595

CN III

Front 596

CN IV is the (1)

Back 596

trochlear nerve

Front 597

(1)is the trochlear nerve

Back 597

CN IV

Front 598

CN V is also called the (1)

Back 598

trigeminal nerve

Front 599

(1)is also called the trigeminal nerve

Back 599

CN V

Front 600

What is the function of CN I?

Back 600

smell

Front 601

NAME
this nerve function is smell

Back 601

CN I

Front 602

What is the function of CN II?

Back 602

vision

Front 603

NAME
this CN function is vision

Back 603

CN II

Front 604

What is the function of CN III?(3)

Back 604

movees eyes up, down medially (2)raises upper eyelid (3)constricts pupil

Front 605

NAME
this CN moves eyes up, down, and medially, raises upper eyelid, and constricts pupil, and adjusts the shape of the lens of the eye

Back 605

CN III

Front 606

What are the functions of the CN IV? (2)

Back 606

moves eye medially and down

Front 607

NAME
this CN moves the eye medially and down

Back 607

CN IV

Front 608

What is the function of the CN V?

Back 608

facial sensation, (2)chewing, (3)sensation from tempromandibular joint

Front 609

NAME
this CN functions include facial sensation, chewing, and sensation from tempromandibular joint

Back 609

CN V

Front 610

What is the function of CN VI?

Back 610

abducts the eye

Front 611

NAME
this CN functions in abduction of the eye

Back 611

CN VI

Front 612

What is the function of the CN VII? (5)

Back 612

facial expression (2)closes eyes (3)tears (4)salivation (5)taste

Front 613

NAME
this CN functions in facial expression, closes the eyes, tears, salivation, and taste

Back 613

CN VII

Front 614

What is the function of CN VIII?(2)

Back 614

sensation of the head postion relative to gravity and head movement (2)haering

Front 615

NAME
this CN functions include sensation of the head position relative to gravity and head movement and hearing

Back 615

CN VIII

Front 616

What is the function of CN IX?

Back 616

(1)swallowing (2)salivation (3)taste

Front 617

NAME
the CN function's include swallowing, salivation ,and taste

Back 617

CN IX

Front 618

What is the function of the CN X?(4)

Back 618

regulates viscera (2)swallowing (3)speech (4)taste

Front 619

NAME
this CN's function include reulations of viscera, swallowing, speech, and taste

Back 619

CN X

Front 620

What are the functions of CN XI?

Back 620

elevates shoulder and turns head

Front 621

nAME
this CN elevates shoulder and turns head

Back 621

CX XI

Front 622

What is the function of CN XII?

Back 622

moves tongue

Front 623

NAME
this CN moves the tongue

Back 623

CN XII

Front 624

CN VI is also called (1)

Back 624

abducens

Front 625

(1)is the abducens nerve

Back 625

CN VI

Front 626

CN VII is also called (1)

Back 626

facial nerve

Front 627

(1)is also called the facial nerve

Back 627

CN VII

Front 628

CN VIII is also called (1)

Back 628

vestibulocochlear

Front 629

(1)is also called vestibulocochlear nerve

Back 629

CN VIII

Front 630

CN IX is also called the (1)

Back 630

glossopharyngeal nerve

Front 631

(1)is also called the glossopharyngeal nerve

Back 631

CN IX

Front 632

CN X is the (1)

Back 632

vagus nerve

Front 633

(1)is also called the vagus nerve

Back 633

CN X

Front 634

CN XI is also called the (1)

Back 634

accessory nerve

Front 635

(1)is also called the accessory nerve

Back 635

CN XI

Front 636

CN XII is also called the (1)

Back 636

hypoglossal nerve

Front 637

(1) is also called the hypoglossal nerve

Back 637

CN XII

Front 638

STOPED HERE

Back 638

STOPED HERE

Front 639

CN exchange info btwn the (1)and (2)

Back 639

(1)periphery and the brain

Front 640

What muscles do the CN innervate?

Back 640

the structures of the head and neck

Front 641

NAME
these innervate the structures of the head and neck

Back 641

CN

Front 642

CN can have (1)functions

Back 642

sensory, motor and autonomic

Front 643

NAME
these nerves can have sensory, motor and autonomic functions

Back 643

CN

Front 644

CN fibers that innervate the muscles of the head and neck are (1)

Back 644

lowor motor neurons

Front 645

CN fibers that innervate the muscles of the (1)are lower motor neurons

Back 645

head and neck

Front 646

What are (3)functions of the CN?

Back 646

(1)they supply motor innervation to muscles of the face, eyes, tongue, jaw, and the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius. (2)they transmit somatosensory info from the skin and muscles of the face and the temproromandibular joint and speacil sensory info (3)they provide parasympathetic regulation of the heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, and digestion

Front 647

What are (3)functions of the CN?

Back 647

(1)they supply motor innervation to muscles of the face, eyes, tongue, jaw, and the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius. (2)they transmit somatosensory info from the skin and muscles of the face and the temproromandibular joint and speacil sensory info (3)they provide parasympathetic regulation of the heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, and digestion

Front 648

All CN connections to the brain are visible on the inferior brain except the (1)

Back 648

CN IV

Front 649

All of the CN connections to the brain are visible on the (1)except the CN IV

Back 649

inferior brain

Front 650

Where does CN I connect to the brain?

Back 650

inferior frontal lobe

Front 651

Where does the CN II connect to the brain?

Back 651

diencephalon

Front 652

Where does the CN III connect to the brain?

Back 652

midbrain (anterior)

Front 653

Where does the CN IV connect to the brain?

Back 653

midbrain (posterior)

Front 654

NAME
this CN emerges from the inferior frontal lobe

Back 654

CN I

Front 655

NAME
this CN emerges from the diencephalon

Back 655

CN II

Front 656

NAME
this CN emerges from the midbrain (anterior)

Back 656

CN III

Front 657

NAME
this CN emerges from the midbrain (posterior)

Back 657

CN IV

Front 658

Where does the CN V emerge?

Back 658

lateral side of the pons

Front 659

NAME
this CN emerges from the lateral side of the pons

Back 659

CN V

Front 660

Where does the CN VI emerge?

Back 660

btwn the pons and the medulla

Front 661

Where does the Cn VII emerge?

Back 661

btwn the pons and the medulla

Front 662

Where does the CN VIII emerge?

Back 662

btwn the pons and the medulla

Front 663

NAME (3)
these CNs emerge btwn the pons and the medulla

Back 663

(1)CN VI (2)CN VII (3)CN VIII

Front 664

Where does the CN IX emerge?

Back 664

at the medulla

Front 665

Where does the CN X emerge?

Back 665

at the medulla

Front 666

NAME (3)
these CNs emerge at the medulla

Back 666

(1)CN IX (2)CN X (3)CN XII

Front 667

Where does the CN XI emerge?

Back 667

at the spinal cord and the medulla

Front 668

NAME
this CN emerges at the spinal cord and the medulla

Back 668

CN XI

Front 669

Where does the CN XII emerge?

Back 669

at the medulla

Front 670

What kind of fibers does the CN I have?

Back 670

sensory fibers

Front 671

NAME
this CN is sensory and conducts info from the nasal chemoreceptors to the olfactory bulb

Back 671

olfactory nerve

Front 672

CN is (1)and conducts info fromthe (2)to the (3)

Back 672

(1)sensory (2)nasal chemoreceptors (3)olfactory bulb

Front 673

Much of the info attributed to taste is (1)

Back 673

olfactory

Front 674

Much of the info attributed to (1)is olfactory

Back 674

taste

Front 675

Why is much of the info attributed to taste is olfactory?

Back 675

info from the taste buds is limited to chemoreceptors for salty, sweet, sour, and bitters tastes

Front 676

What kind of fibers does the optic nerve contain?

Back 676

sensory fibers

Front 677

NAME
this CN is sensory, transmitting visual info from the retina to the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus and to nuclei in the midbrain

Back 677

optic nerve

Front 678

Describe the path of transmition of fibers for the CN II? (5)

Back 678

(1)pupil (retina)info is seen (2)fibers from both left and right optic nerves travel to meet in the optic chiasm (3)then fibers pass through optic tract (4)they arrive at the lateral geniculate body (5)move to visual cortex

Front 679

Describe the path of transmition of fibers in CN I?

Back 679

conducting info from the nasal chemoreceptors to the olfactory bulb

Front 680

CN II is (1)transmitting (2)from the (3)to the (3)and to the (4)

Back 680

(1)sensory (2)visual info (3)lateral geniculate body of the thalamus (4)nuceli in the midbrain

Front 681

What is the retina?

Back 681

is the inner layer of the posterior eye formed by photsensitive cells

Front 682

NAME
this is the inner layer of the posterior eye formed by photosenstive cells

Back 682

retina

Front 683

What are photosensitive cells?

Back 683

converts light striking the retina into neural signals

Front 684

NAME
these convert light striking the retina into neural signals

Back 684

photosensitive cells

Front 685

What is the lateral geniculate body?

Back 685

is a relay along the pathway to the primary visual cortex

Front 686

NAME
this is a relay along the pathway to the primary visual cortex

Back 686

lateral geniculate body

Front 687

NAME (3)
these are primarily motor containing lower motor neurons axons innervating the 6 extraocular muscles of the eye and control reflexice constriction of the pupil

Back 687

CN III, CN IV and VI

Front 688

What do the CN III, CN IV, and VI have in common

Back 688

they re primarily motor containing lower motor neurons axons innervating the 6 extraocular muscles of the eye and control reflexice constriction of the pupil

Front 689

What are the rectus muscles? (4)

Back 689

superior, inferior, lateral, and medius rectus

Front 690

What are the differ oblique muscles? (2)

Back 690

(1)superior and inferior oblique

Front 691

What are the CN reflexes?(7)

Back 691

(1)pupillary (2)consensual (3)acommodation (4)massceter (5)corneal (6)gag (7)swallowing

Front 692

NAME
these include the pupillary, consensual, acommodation, massceter, corneal, gag, and swallowing

Back 692

CN reflexes

Front 693

What are the CN reflexes?(7)

Back 693

(1)pupillary (2)consensual (3)acommodation (4)massceter (5)corneal (6)gag (7)swallowing

Front 694

What is the pupillary C reflex?

Back 694

when the pupil of the eye constricts when light is shined into the eye

Front 695

NAME
this is when the pupil of the eye constricts when light is shined into the eye

Back 695

pupillary cranial reflex

Front 696

What is the consensual reflex?

Back 696

is when the pupil of the eye constricts when light is shined into the other eye

Front 697

NAME
this is when the pupil of the eye constricts when light is shined into the other eye

Back 697

consensual cranial nerve reflex

Front 698

WHat is the accommodation cranial nerve reflex?

Back 698

i when the lens of the eye adjusts to focus light on the retina (2)the pupil constricts and the pupil moves medially when viewing an object at close range

Front 699

NAME
this is when the lens adjusts to focus light on the retina. THen the pupil constricts and the pupil moves medially when viewing an object at close range

Back 699

accommodation cranial reflex

Front 700

What is the masseter Cranial reflex?

Back 700

when the masseter is tapped w reflex hammer and the muscle contracts

Front 701

NAME
this is when the masseter is tapped w a reflex hammer and the muscle contracts

Back 701

masseter cranial reflex

Front 702

What is corneal reflex/

Back 702

when the cornea is touched the eyelids close

Front 703

NAME
this reflex is when the cornea is touched the eyelids close

Back 703

corneal cranial nerve relfex

Front 704

What is gag cranial reflex?

Back 704

is when the touching of the pharnyx elicts contraction of the pharyngeal muscles

Front 705

NAME
this is when the touching of the pharynx elicts contraction of the pharyngeal muscles

Back 705

gag cranial nerve reflex

Front 706

What is the swallowing cranial reflex?

Back 706

is when food touching the entrance of the pharynx elicits movement of the soft palate and the contraction of muscles of the pharynx

Front 707

NAME
this is when food touching the entrance of the pharynx elicits movement of the soft palate and the contraction of muscle of the pharynx

Back 707

swallowing cranial nerve reflex

Front 708

the (1)is the afferent limb of the pupillary reflex

Back 708

optic

Front 709

the optic nerve is the (1)limb of the pupillary reflex

Back 709

afferent

Front 710

What reflexes is the optic nerve the afferent limb for?(3)

Back 710

(1)pupillary (2)consensual (3)accommodation

Front 711

the is the (1)afferent limb of the consensual reflex

Back 711

optic nerve

Front 712

the (1)is the afferent limb of the accommodation

Back 712

optic nerve

Front 713

the (1)is efferent limb of the pupillary reflex

Back 713

oculomotor nerve

Front 714

the (1)is the efferent limb of the consensual reflex

Back 714

oculomotor nerve

Front 715

the (1)is the efferent limb of the accommodation reflex

Back 715

oculomotor nerve

Front 716

the (1)is the afferent limb of the masseter reflex

Back 716

trigeminal nerve

Front 717

the (1)is the afferent limb of the corneal reflex

Back 717

trigeminal nerve

Front 718

the (1)is the afferent limb of the gag reflex

Back 718

glossopharyngeal nerve

Front 719

the (1)is the afferent limb of the swallowing reflex

Back 719

glossopharyngeal nerve

Front 720

What reflexes have glossopharyngeal nerve as their afferent limb? (2)

Back 720

(1)gag (2)swallowing

Front 721

both the (1)and (2)reflex have the glossopharyngeal nerve as their afferent limb

Back 721

(1)gag (2)swallowing

Front 722

What reflexes have the trigeminal nerve as their afferent limb? (2)

Back 722

(1)masseter (2)corneal

Front 723

the (1)and (2)have the trigeminal nerve as their afferent limb

Back 723

(1)masseter and (2)corneal

Front 724

the corneal reflex is also called the (1)

Back 724

blink reflex

Front 725

the (1)is also called the blink reflex

Back 725

corneal

Front 726

the (1)nerve is the efferent limb of the masseter reflex

Back 726

trigeminal

Front 727

the (1)nerve is the efferent limb of the corneal reflex

Back 727

facial

Front 728

the (1)nerve is the efferent limb of the gag reflex

Back 728

vagus nerve

Front 729

the (1)nerveis the efferent limb of the swallowing reflex

Back 729

vagus

Front 730

What reflexes have the trigeminal nerve as their efferent limb?

Back 730

masseter

Front 731

What reflex has the facial nerve as their efferent limb?

Back 731

corneal reflex

Front 732

What reflexes have the vagus nerve as their efferent limb? (2)

Back 732

(1)gag (2)swallowing

Front 733

the (1)and (2)reflexes have the vagus nerve as their efferent limb

Back 733

gag and swallowing

Front 734

the optic nerve is the (1)limb of the pupillary reflex

Back 734

afferent

Front 735

the optic nerve is the (1)limb of the consensual reflex

Back 735

afferent

Front 736

the optic nerve is the (1)limb of the accommodation reflex

Back 736

afferent

Front 737

the trigeminal nerve is the (1)limb of the masseter reflex

Back 737

afferent and efferent limbs

Front 738

the trigeminal nerve is the (1)limb of hte corneal reflex

Back 738

afferent

Front 739

the glossopharyngeal nerve is the (1)limb of the the gag reflex

Back 739

afferent

Front 740

the glossopharyngeal nerve is the (1)limb of the swallowing reflex

Back 740

afferent

Front 741

the oculomotor nerve is the (1)limb of the pupillary reflex

Back 741

efferent

Front 742

the oculomotor nerve is the (1)limb of the consensual reflex

Back 742

efferent

Front 743

the oculomotor nerve is the (1)limb of the accommodation reflex

Back 743

efferent

Front 744

the trigeminal nerve is the (1)limb of the masseter reflex

Back 744

efferent and afferent

Front 745

the facial nerve is the (1)limb of the corneal reflex

Back 745

efferent

Front 746

the vagus nerve is the (1)limb of the gag reflex

Back 746

efferent

Front 747

the vagus nerve is the (1)limb of the swallowing reflex

Back 747

efferent

Front 748

What controls the eye movement?

Back 748

the rectus muscles and the oblique muscles

Front 749

(1)movement is controlled by the rectus muscles and the oblique muscles

Back 749

eye

Front 750

What does the levator palpebrae superioris?

Back 750

lifts the eyelid

Front 751

NAME
this muscles lifts the eyelid

Back 751

levator palpebrae superioris

Front 752

What is the superior rectus muscle ?

Back 752

elevates the pupil

Front 753

NAME
this muscle elevates the pupil

Back 753

superior rectus

Front 754

What does the medial rectus muscle do?

Back 754

moves the pupil medially

Front 755

NAME
this moves the pupil medially

Back 755

medial rectus

Front 756

What does the inferior rectus?

Back 756

depresses the pupil

Front 757

NAME
this depresses the pupil

Back 757

inferior rectus

Front 758

What does the inferior oblique do?

Back 758

if the eye is abducted, it rotates the eye (2)if the eye addducted, it elevates the pupil

Front 759

NAME
this muscles does the following:if the eye is abducted, it rotates the eye and if the eye is adducted, it elevates the eye

Back 759

inferior oblique

Front 760

What is the cillary muscles?

Back 760

increases curvature of the lens of eye

Front 761

NAME
this increases the curvature of the lens of the eye

Back 761

cillary muscles

Front 762

What is the pupillary spincter?

Back 762

constricts the pupil

Front 763

NAME
this muscle constricts the pupil

Back 763

pupillary spincter

Front 764

What is the superior oblique?

Back 764

if the eye is abducted, it rotates the eye (2)if the adducted, it depresses the pupil and in

Front 765

NAME
this muscle does the following: if the eye is abducted, it rotates the eye and if the eye is adducted, it depresses pupil and in

Back 765

superior oblique

Front 766

What is the lateral rectus?

Back 766

moves the pupil lateral

Front 767

NAME
this move the pupil lateral

Back 767

lateral rectus

Front 768

What muscles does the CN III innervate? (7)

Back 768

(1)levator pappebrae superioris (2)superior rectus (3)medial rectus (4)inferior rectus (5)inferior oblique (6)pupillary spincter (7)cillary muscle

Front 769

NAME
this nerve innervates the following muscles: levator pappebrae superioris, superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, pupillary sphincter and cillary muscles

Back 769

CN III

Front 770

What muscles does the Cn IV innervate?

Back 770

superior oblique

Front 771

NAME
this innervates superior oblique

Back 771

CN IV

Front 772

What muscles does the CN VI innnervate?

Back 772

lateral rectus

Front 773

NAME
this innervates the lateral rectus

Back 773

CN VI

Front 774

Eye and head movements are cooordinated by signals in the (1)

Back 774

medial longitudinal fasciculus

Front 775

What is the medial longitudinal fasciculus?

Back 775

is where signals coordinate eye and head movements

Front 776

NAME
this is where signals coordinate eye and head movements

Back 776

medial longitudinal fasciculus

Front 777

Cn III contains (1)and (2)

Back 777

(1)primarly motor neurons (2)parasympathetic fibers

Front 778

NAME
this contains primarly motor neurons and parasympathetic fibers

Back 778

CN III

Front 779

the pupillar, consensual, and accommodation reflexes involves the(1)and (2)

Back 779

optic and oculomotor nerves

Front 780

What controls the size of the pupil and the shape of the lens of the eye ?

Back 780

reflexively by afferent in the optic nerve (2)parasympathetic efferents in the oculomotor nerve

Front 781

(1)are reflexively controlled by afferents in the optic nerve and parasympathetic efferents in the oculmotor nerve

Back 781

the size of the pupil and shape of the lens of the eye

Front 782

What kind of fibers does the CN V contain?

Back 782

both sensory and motor fibers

Front 783

nAME
this CN contains both sensory and motor fibers

Back 783

CN V

Front 784

What do the sensory fibers of the CN V do?

Back 784

transmit info from the face to the temporomandibular joint

Front 785

NAME
this transmits info from the face to the temporomandibular joint

Back 785

sensory fibers of the CN V

Front 786

What do the motor fibers in the CN V do?

Back 786

innervate the muscles of mastication

Front 787

Compare and contrast what the fibers in the CN V do?(2)

Back 787

(1)sensory=transmit info from the face to the tempromandibular joint (2)motor=innervate the muscles of the mastication

Front 788

the trigeminal nerve is named for its (1)

Back 788

3 branches

Front 789

WHat are 3 branches of the CN V?

Back 789

(1)ophthalmaic (2)maxillary (3)mandibular

Front 790

NAME
this CN has three branches:ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular

Back 790

CN V

Front 791

What is the mandibular branch ?

Back 791

contains lower motor neuron axons to the muscles used in chewing

Front 792

NAME
this branch of the CN V contains lower motor neurons axons to the muscles used in chewing

Back 792

mandibular branch

Front 793

All three branches of the (1)convey somatosensory signals

Back 793

CN V

Front 794

All 3 branches of the CN V, convey (1)

Back 794

somatosensory signals

Front 795

STOPED HERE

Back 795

STOPPED HERE

Front 796

Draw a chart of the CN reflexes and their afferent and efferent limbs

Back 796

see pg 300

Front 797

Draw a chart of the CN reflexes and their afferent and efferent limbs

Back 797

see pg 300

Front 798

Draw a chart of the CN reflexes and their afferent and efferent limbs

Back 798

see pg 300

Front 799

Draw a chart of the CN reflexes and their afferent and efferent limbs

Back 799

see pg 300

Front 800

Name all (12) CN

Back 800

see pg 299

Front 801

Name all (12) CN

Back 801

see pg 299

Front 802

Name all (12) CN

Back 802

see pg 299

Front 803

Name all (12) CN

Back 803

see pg 299

Front 804

Name all (12) CN

Back 804

see pg 299

Front 805

(1)reflex has the trigeminal nerve as its afferent and efferent limb

Back 805

masseter

Front 806

the masseter reflex has the (1)nerve as its afferent and efferent limb

Back 806

masseter

Front 807

NAME
this reflex has the trigeminal nerve for its afferent and efferent limb

Back 807

masseter

Front 808

The masseter reflex has the trigeminal nerve for its (1)limb

Back 808

afferent and efferent

Front 809

afferent and efferent

Back 809

afferent and efferent

Front 810

Make a chart of w the defs of the CN reflexes

Back 810

see chart

Front 811

Make a chart of the defs of the CN reflexes

Back 811

see chart

Front 812

Make a chart of the defs of the CN reflexes

Back 812

see chart

Front 813

Make a chart of the defs of reciprocal inhibition, recurrent inhibition, and nonreciprocal inhibition

Back 813

see chart

Front 814

make a chart comparing the recurrent inhibition, nonreciprocal inhibition and nonreccurent inhibitiopn

Back 814

see chart

Front 815

spinal cord is part of the (1)

Back 815

CNS

Front 816

How many SN are there?

Back 816

31

Front 817

What are the differ SN? (3)

Back 817

(1)8 cervical (2)5 lumbar (3)5 sacral

Front 818

There are (1)SN

Back 818

31

Front 819

Anterior is jst another way of refering to (1)

Back 819

ventral

Front 820

(1)is jst another name for ventral

Back 820

anterior

Front 821

posterior is also called (1)

Back 821

dorsal

Front 822

(1)is also called dorsal

Back 822

posterior

Front 823

T or F
in the brain, the anterior=ventral and the posterior=dorsal

Back 823

false

Front 824

What does fissure mean?

Back 824

deep group of muscles usally there to accomdate a vessel

Front 825

NAME
this usally means a deep group of muscles usally there to accomadate a vessel

Back 825

fissue

Front 826

What is a sulcus?

Back 826

refers to a partical division

Front 827

NAME
this refers to a partial division

Back 827

sulcus

Front 828

What is a ganglion?

Back 828

a cluster of cell in the PNS

Front 829

NAME
this is a cluster of cells in the PNS

Back 829

ganglion

Front 830

Anything that leaves the SN is (1)

Back 830

PNS

Front 831

What is mynosynapse?

Back 831

is when only one neuron synapses

Front 832

NAME
this refers to when only one neuron synapses

Back 832

mynosynapses

Front 833

the central canal becomes the (1)

Back 833

4th ventricle

Front 834

the (1)becomes the 4th ventricle

Back 834

central canal

Front 835

Compare contrast spinal cord cross sections from the different regions of the spinal cord (4)

Back 835

see pics

(1)C=has bigger ventral horns bc you need more motor fibers to supply the arm
(2)T=less gray matter and more white matter, has a 3rd horn called the lateral horn, and ventral horns are smaller bc dont need as many motor fibers
(3)L=more gray matter bc need more motor fibers for the legs, bigger ventral horn
(4)S=smaller, is a mini-me version of the L region

Front 836

Compare contrast spinal cord cross sections from the different regions of the spinal cord (4)

Back 836

see pics

(1)C=has bigger ventral horns bc you need more motor fibers to supply the arm
(2)T=less gray matter and more white matter, has a 3rd horn called the lateral horn, and ventral horns are smaller bc dont need as many motor fibers
(3)L=more gray matter bc need more motor fibers for the legs, bigger ventral horn
(4)S=smaller, is a mini-me version of the L region

Front 837

Compare contrast spinal cord cross sections from the different regions of the spinal cord (4)

Back 837

see pics

(1)C=has bigger ventral horns bc you need more motor fibers to supply the arm
(2)T=less gray matter and more white matter, has a 3rd horn called the lateral horn, and ventral horns are smaller bc dont need as many motor fibers
(3)L=more gray matter bc need more motor fibers for the legs, bigger ventral horn
(4)S=smaller, is a mini-me version of the L region

Front 838

NAME
this crosssection of the spinal cord has bigger ventral horn bc more motor fibers are needed for the arms

Back 838

C region

Front 839

Describe the C region of the spinal cord

Back 839

has a bigger ventral root bc more motor fibers are needed for the arms

Front 840

What does the crossection of the T region look like?(3)

Back 840

has less gray matter and more white matter (2)has a lateral horn (3)ventral horns smaller bc less fibers are needed for the pelvic region

Front 841

NAME
this cross section of the spinal cord has less gray matter and mroe white matter, has a lateral horn, and the ventral horn is smaller bc less fibers are needed for the pelivic region

Back 841

T region

Front 842

What is the L region of the spinal cord like?

Back 842

has more gray matter than white matter (2)bigger ventral horns bc need motor fibers for legs

Front 843

NAME
this cross section of the spinal cord has more gray matter than white matter and bigger ventral horns bc more motor fibers are needed for the legs

Back 843

L region

Front 844

What is the S region of the spinal cord like?

Back 844

is smaller minmi me version of the L region

Front 845

NAME
this cross section of the spinal cord is a smaller mini-me version of the L region

Back 845

S region

Front 846

Why is the ventral horn larger in the C and T region?

Back 846

bc more motor fibers are needed for the legs and arms

Front 847

the (1)in the C and T regions are bigger bc more motor fibers are needed for the legs and arms

Back 847

ventral horns

Front 848

the ventral horns in the (1)and (2)are bigger bc more motor fibers are needed for the legs and arms

Back 848

C and L

Front 849

the (1)region is unique bc it has an extra horn called a lateral horn

Back 849

T

Front 850

the T region is unique bc its has an (1)

Back 850

extra horn called a lateral horn

Front 851

What is unique about the T region of the spinal cord?

Back 851

it has an extra horn called lateral horn

Front 852

What is the most distal end of the spinal cord?

Back 852

concus medualaris

Front 853

NAME
this is the most distal end of the spinal cord

Back 853

concus medualris

Front 854

What is the concus medularis?

Back 854

is the most distal end of the spinal cord

Front 855

why is there the C and L enlargements?

Back 855

for extermeties

Front 856

NAME
these 2 regions are elarged bc of the legs and arms

Back 856

C and L

Front 857

What is Cauda Equina latin for?

Back 857

horse tail

Front 858

nAME
this is latin for horse tail

Back 858

Cauda equina

Front 859

Why does the spinal cord end at the concus meduarlis?

Back 859

bc during development, they both grew at the same time. the spinal cord stoped and the nerves had to keep on growing to reach

Front 860

What is the filurn terminate?

Back 860

is hard connective tissue that provides attachment of nerves to whole thing

Front 861

NAME
this is a hard connective tissue that provides attachment of nerve to whole thing

Back 861

filurn teminate

Front 862

the spinal cord is protected by (1)that wrap around initial nerves

Back 862

meninges

Front 863

What is the denticulate ligament?

Back 863

attaches the spinal cord lateral to the dural sac

Front 864

NAME
this attaches the spinal cord lateral to the dural sac

Back 864

denticulate ligamnet

Front 865

What protects the spinal cord ?

Back 865

fat deposits surround and the menginges

Front 866

(1)surround the dura matter to protect the spinal cord

Back 866

fat deposists

Front 867

fat deposists surround the (1)to protect the spinal cord

Back 867

dura matter

Front 868

Draw chart showing the division of the dorsal and ventral root

Back 868

see notes

Front 869

Draw chart showing the division of the dorsal and ventral root

Back 869

see notes

Front 870

Draw chart showing the division of the dorsal and ventral root

Back 870

see notes

Front 871

What muscles does the dorsal ramus supply?

Back 871

all intrinsic muscles of the back

Front 872

NAME
this supplies all of the intrinsic muscles of the back

Back 872

dorsal ramus

Front 873

What muscles does the ventral ramus supply?

Back 873

all extrinsic muscles of the back

Front 874

NAME
this supplies all extrinsic muscles of the back

Back 874

ventral ramus

Front 875

the dorsal and ventral root become the (1)

Back 875

SN

Front 876

the SN becomes the (1)and (2)

Back 876

ventral and dorsal ramus

Front 877

How do you remember the intrinsic muscles of the back?

Back 877

I LOVE SPIAGTTEII

ES consists of the
spinalis
iliocostalis
longismus

Front 878

What is the autonomic sympathetic ganglion?

Back 878

is a chain of ganglion that supplies involuntary organs u have in that region

Front 879

nAMe
this is a chian of ganglia that supplies that involuntary organs you have in that region

Back 879

autonomic sympathetic

Front 880

How is gray matter classifed?

Back 880

according to function

Front 881

Draw a chart of the how gray matter is classifed

Back 881

see notes

Front 882

Draw a chart of the divisions of the gray matter

Back 882

see notes

Front 883

Draw a chart of the divisions of the gray matter

Back 883

see notes

Front 884

What are somatic fibers?

Back 884

voluntary and goes to places like the arm and legs

Front 885

NAME
these fibers are voluntary and go to places like the arm and legs

Back 885

somatic fibers

Front 886

What are visceral fibers?

Back 886

are autonomic and go to visceral organs

Front 887

WHat is the differ btwn somatic and visceral fibers?(2)

Back 887

(1)somatic fibers-are voluntary and goes to places such as the extermeties (2)visceral=are autonomic and go to visceral organs

Front 888

Describe the central canal

Back 888

surrounded by the posterior and gray commissure fibers

Front 889

NAME
this is surrounded by the posterior and gray commissure fibers

Back 889

central canal

Front 890

What is commissure?

Back 890

is a bundle of fibers crossing from one side to the other

Front 891

NAME
this is a bundle of fibers crossing from one side to the other

Back 891

commissure

Front 892

What is Rexed laminae?

Back 892

is a classification system of the gray matter

Front 893

nAME
this is a classification system of gray matter

Back 893

Rexed Laminae

Front 894

How many classification systems is the Rexed Laminae make up?

Back 894

10 different types of gray matter

Front 895

How is white matter classifed? (3)

Back 895

by bundles of fibers

Front 896

NAME
this matter is classied by bundles of fibers

Back 896

white matter

Front 897

What are the differ kinds of white matter /(3)

Back 897

(1)lateral column (2)posterior column (3)anterior column

Front 898

NAME
this is classifed into three parts: lateral, posterior, and anterior column

Back 898

white matter

Front 899

the spinal cord can provide you a w a map of the (1)

Back 899

whole body

Front 900

NAME
this can provide you w a map of the whole body

Back 900

spinal cord

Front 901

What are post ganglionic fibers?

Back 901

are fibers that do synapse in the ganglion

Front 902

NAME
these are fibers that synapse in the ganglion

Back 902

post ganglionic fibers

Front 903

WHat are preganglionic fibers?

Back 903

fibers that do not synapse in the sympathetic ganglion

Front 904

NAME
these are fibers that do not synapse in the sympathetic ganglion

Back 904

preganglionic fibers

Front 905

What is the differ btwn post ganglionic and preganglionic fibers?(2)

Back 905

(1)post ganglionic fibers=synapse in the sympathetic ganglion (2)pre-ganglionic fibers do not synpase in the sympathetic ganglion

Front 906

Draw a chart of the path of motor fibers and describe what happens

Back 906

see chart

Front 907

Draw a chart of the path of motor fibers and describe what happens

Back 907

see chart

Front 908

Draw a chart of the path of motor fibers and describe what happens

Back 908

see chart

Front 909

Draw a chart of the path of sensory fibers and describe what happens

Back 909

see chart

Front 910

Draw a chart of the path of sensory fibers and describe what happens

Back 910

see chart

Front 911

Draw a chart of the path of sensory fibers and describe what happens

Back 911

see chart

Front 912

What are somatic sensations?

Back 912

include touch and vibrations

Front 913

NAME
these include touch and vibrations

Back 913

somatic sensations

Front 914

What are exterorecptors?

Back 914

detect environmental factors such as hot, cold, soft, and hard

Front 915

NAME
these detect environmental factors such as hot, cold, soft, and hard

Back 915

exteroceptors

Front 916

What are proprioceptors?

Back 916

give you idea of where things are in space

Front 917

NAME
these give you an idea of where you are in space

Back 917

proprioceptors

Front 918

what are interocpetors?

Back 918

are stretch receptors

Front 919

NAME
these are stretch receptors

Back 919

interoceptors

Front 920

Give an example of some interoceptors?

Back 920

ones in the stomach wall

Front 921

Where does the knee jerk reflex happen?

Back 921

L3

Front 922

NAME
this reflex happens at L3

Back 922

knee jerk reflex

Front 923

Draw a chart of the make up of the Autonomic NS

Back 923

see notes

Front 924

Draw a chart of the make up of the Autonomic NS

Back 924

see notes

Front 925

Draw a chart of the make up of the Autonomic NS

Back 925

see notes

Front 926

NAME
this system extends from T1-L2

Back 926

sympathic system

Front 927

the sympathic system extends from (1)

Back 927

T1-L2

Front 928

NAME
this system extends from S2-S4

Back 928

parasympathetic system

Front 929

The parasympathetic system exnteds from the (1)

Back 929

S2-S4

Front 930

Describe the sympathetic outflow

Back 930

it has thoracolumbar outflow extending from T1-L2

Front 931

NAME
this sytem has thoracolumbar outflow extending from the T1-L2

Back 931

sympathetic outflow

Front 932

Describe the parasympathetic outflow?

Back 932

it has craniosacral outflow extending from the S2-S4

Front 933

NAME
this system has craniosacral outflow extending from S2-S4

Back 933

parasympathetic outflow

Front 934

What is the sympathetic system?

Back 934

starts the flight or fight response

Front 935

nAME
this starts the flight or fight response

Back 935

sympathetic system

Front 936

What is the parasympathetic system?

Back 936

starts the rest and response

Front 937

NAME
this system starts the rest and response

Back 937

parasympathetic system

Front 938

What is the sympathetic response?(4)

Back 938

(1)increase heart rate (2)pupils dilate (3)blood goes to the extermeties so you can can run--thus making you pale (3)dry mouth (4)sphincters will close

Front 939

NAME
these responses include increased heart rate, pupils dilate, blood goes to the extermeties so you can run--thus making you pale, dry mouth, and sphincters close

Back 939

sympathetic response

Front 940

What are the parasympathetic response?(3)

Back 940

(1)digestion (2)pupils smaller (3)cardiac and respiratory rate goes down

Front 941

NAME
the system response include digestion, smaller pupils, and cardiac and respiratory rate goes down

Back 941

parasympathetic response

Front 942

NAME
this is the only nerve that exits the brain stem

Back 942

vagus

Front 943

WHat is the only nerve that exits the brain stem?

Back 943

vagus

Front 944

the vagus nerve is the only nerve that (1)

Back 944

exits the brain stem

Front 945

the (1)contribute to the vagus nerve

Back 945

CN nerves

Front 946

the 4 CN contribute to the (1)

Back 946

vagus nerve

Front 947

What are the pelvic nerves?

Back 947

supply the male reproductive organ, and the bowl and bladder functions

Front 948

nAME
these nerves supply the male reproductive organ, bowl and bladder functions

Back 948

pelvic nerves

Front 949

What are agonist muscles?

Back 949

creates activity

Front 950

nAME
these type of muscles create activity

Back 950

agonist muscles

Front 951

What are anatagonist muscles?

Back 951

opposes activites

Front 952

NAME
these muscles oppose activites

Back 952

anatagonist muscles

Front 953

What is the differ btwn agonist and antagonist muscles?(2)

Back 953

(1)agonist muscles=create activity (2)antagonist-muscles oppose activity

Front 954

Give ex of a agonist and antagonist

Back 954

Agonist=flexors
antagonist=extensors

Front 955

What is the anterior cord syndrome?

Back 955

usally involves anterior artery or spinal artery (2)can expect motor deficits

Front 956

NAME
this type of syndrome usally involves anterior artery or spinal artery and can expect motor deficits

Back 956

anterior cord syndrome

Front 957

What is the central cord syndrome?

Back 957

is when the central canal is usally compressed....therefore, you see both sensory and motor deficits

Front 958

NAME
this is when the central canal is usally compressed.....therefore, you see both sensory and motor deficits

Back 958

central cord syndrome

Front 959

What is Brown-Sequard syndrome?

Back 959

usally involves a hemisection of the cord

Front 960

NAME
this usally involves hemisection of the cord

Back 960

Brown-sequard syndrome

Front 961

What is the hemisection of the cord?

Back 961

usally when the half of the spinal cord is injuried

Front 962

NAME
this refers to how half of the spinal cord is injured

Back 962

hemisection

Front 963

NAME
this nerve usally does not get tested bc commons w it are uncommon

Back 963

CN I

Front 964

T or F
people usally have problems w the CN I

Back 964

false

Front 965

Do people usally have problems w CN I?

Back 965

no

Front 966

CN I is sensitive to (1)

Back 966

chemoreceptors

Front 967

(1)is sensitive to chemorecptors

Back 967

CN I

Front 968

What are chemoreceptors?

Back 968

detect certain chemicals

Front 969

What are odorants?

Back 969

are certain chemicals that produce action potenitals

Front 970

NAME
these are certain chemicals that produce action potentials

Back 970

odorants

Front 971

Where does CN I orginate?

Back 971

the ethmoid bone of in the roof of the nasal cavity

Front 972

NAME
this CN starts in the ethmoid bone in the roof of the nasal cavity

Back 972

CN I

Front 973

Describe the path of fibers in the CN I (3)

Back 973

(1)olfactory nerve (2)olfactory bulb (3)olfactory tract

Front 974

Where can find the CN I ?

Back 974

in the temporal lobe

Front 975

What kind of fibers does the CN I have?

Back 975

sensory

Front 976

What are some ways you can injure the CN I? (2)

Back 976

(1)break nose (2)lateral blow to the head breaking the temporal bone

Front 977

NAME
this CN can be damaged by breaking the nose or by a lateral blow to the head breaking the temporal bone

Back 977

CN I

Front 978

What happens if you damage CN I?

Back 978

cant recognize the things you smell

Front 979

How many layers make up the retina?

Back 979

10

Front 980

the retina has (1)layers

Back 980

ten

Front 981

Where does optic nerve originate in?

Back 981

the retina

Front 982

Where are the photoreceptors located?

Back 982

in the innermost layer of the retina

Front 983

NAME
these are located in the innermost layer of the retina

Back 983

photoreceptors

Front 984

What are (2)types of photoreceptors?

Back 984

(1)rods (2)cones

Front 985

NAME
there are two types of this: rods and cones

Back 985

photoreceptors

Front 986

What are rods?

Back 986

are sensitive to light

Front 987

NAME
these are sensitive to light

Back 987

rods

Front 988

WHat are cones?

Back 988

c for color

are sensitive to color

Front 989

NAME
these are sensitive to color

Back 989

cones

Front 990

What is the differ btwn rods and cones? (2)

Back 990

(1)rods=are sensitive to light (2)cones=are sensitive to color

Front 991

At begining of the optic nerve you have a (1)

Back 991

blind spot

Front 992

At the (1)you have a blind spot

Back 992

optic nerve

Front 993

What is the optic chiasm?

Back 993

is the joining of the left and right optic nerve

Front 994

NAME
this is the joining of the left and right optic nerve

Back 994

optic chiasm

Front 995

Draw a pic w ids of your optic nerve and how the fibers move

Back 995

see notes

Front 996

Draw a pic w ids of your optic nerve and how the fibers move

Back 996

see notes

Front 997

Draw a pic w ids of your optic nerve and how the fibers move

Back 997

see notes

Front 998

lateral fibers can also be called (1)

Back 998

temporal fibers

Front 999

(1)fibers can also be called temporal fibers

Back 999

lateral

Front 1000

medial fibers can also be called the (1)

Back 1000

nasal

Front 1001

(1)fibers can also be called nasal fibers

Back 1001

medial

Front 1002

Describe the path of fibers for the CN II?(6)

Back 1002

(1)left and right optic nerve (2)optic chiasm (3)optic tract (4)lateral geniculate (5)optic projection fibers (6)visual cortex

Front 1003

Describe the path of fibers for the CN II?(6)

Back 1003

(1)left and right optic nerve (2)optic chiasm (3)optic tract (4)lateral geniculate (5)optic projection fibers (6)visual cortex

Front 1004

What kinds of fibers does CN II have? (3)

Back 1004

(1)sensory (2)temporal (3)nasal

Front 1005

NAME
this has three fibers: sensory, temporal, and nasal

Back 1005

CN II

Front 1006

T or F
the temproal and nasal fibers do not cross both sides

Back 1006

false

Front 1007

the optic tract goes to the (1)to become optic projection fibers

Back 1007

latera geniculate

Front 1008

optic radiation is also called (1)

Back 1008

optic projection fibers

Front 1009

(1)is also called optic projection fibers

Back 1009

optic radiation

Front 1010

What is the final destination of the fibers in the optic nerve?

Back 1010

visual cortex

Front 1011

NAME
this is the final destination of fibers in the optic nerve

Back 1011

visual cortex

Front 1012

Where is the occipital bone?

Back 1012

in the back of the head

Front 1013

NAME
this is in the back of the head

Back 1013

occiptal bone

Front 1014

T or F
so many things can go wrong w CN II

Back 1014

true

Front 1015

What binoculor vision?

Back 1015

is being able to see things w both eyes together

Front 1016

NAME
this is being able to see things w both eyes together

Back 1016

binocular vision

Front 1017

Only left eye will have photoreceptors in the (1)

Back 1017

left eye

Front 1018

If the left eye is injured then (1)

Back 1018

you would loose left peripheral vision

Front 1019

If the (1)is injured then you would loose left peipheral vision

Back 1019

left eye

Front 1020

T or F
you only need one eye for binocular vision

Back 1020

true

Front 1021

Do you need both eyes for binocular vision?

Back 1021

no

Front 1022

If you have a tumor in the pituitary gland,
(1)what CN is affected?
(2)What would you expect to see in the patient?

Back 1022

(1)CN II (2)the person would loose peripheral vision on both sides

Front 1023

NAME
if this happens CN II is affected and you expect the person to loose his or her peripheral vision on both sides

Back 1023

a pituitary gland tumor

Front 1024

What is the visual cortex?

Back 1024

gives you a awareness of what you are doing

Front 1025

NAME
this gives you an awareness of what you are doing

Back 1025

visual cortex

Front 1026

If a person had a direct tramua to the back of the head injuring the visual cortex.
(1)what CN is affected?
(2)What would you expect to see ?

Back 1026

(1)CN II (2)the person's vision would be fine but he or she would have trouble recoginzing things such as that the person if his or her best friend

Front 1027

NAME
if this happens CN II is damaged and the person would have trouble recoginzing things such as who his or her parents are

Back 1027

a direct tramua to the back of the head injurying the visual cortex

Front 1028

What happens if the optic tract is injured?

Back 1028

peripheral vision in opposite eye is lost

Front 1029

NAME
if this happens the person looses peripheral vision in the opposite eye is lost

Back 1029

when the optic tract is injured

Front 1030

What is the optic tract?

Back 1030

it has both medial and lateral fibers

Front 1031

NAME
this part of the CN II has both medial and lateral fibers

Back 1031

optic tract

Front 1032

What are some ways people can damage in the CN II? (4)

Back 1032

(1)injury to the eye (2)tumor in the pituitary gland (3)direct trauma to the back of the head injuring the visual cortex (4)injury to the optic tract

Front 1033

NAME
this CN can be injured by an (1)injury to the eye (2)tumor in the pituitary gland (3)direct trauma to the back of the head injuring the visual cortex (4)injury to the optic tract

Back 1033

CN II

Front 1034

What can of receptors does the CN II have?

Back 1034

photoreceptors=cones and rods

Front 1035

NAME
this CN has photoreceptors called cones and rods

Back 1035

CN II

Front 1036

Where is the skull foramen for the CN II?

Back 1036

optic canal

Front 1037

Visual cortex is in the (1)

Back 1037

occipital bone

Front 1038

(1)is located in the occiptial bone

Back 1038

visual cortex

Front 1039

What CNs moves the eye?

Back 1039

III, IV, and VI

Front 1040

NAME
CN III, CN IV, and CNVI share this common function

Back 1040

they move the eye together

Front 1041

What kind of fibers does CN III have? (2)

Back 1041

motor(2)autonomic

Front 1042

What kind of fibers does the CN IV have?

Back 1042

motor

Front 1043

What kind of fibers does CN VI have?

Back 1043

motor

Front 1044

What are the extraocular muscles?

Back 1044

(1)4 recti (2)2 obliques

Front 1045

NAME
these muscles include the 4 recti and the 2 obliques

Back 1045

extraocular muscles

Front 1046

What is the differ btwn the superior and inferior oblique? (2)

Back 1046

(1)superior oblique = move the eye down and in (2)inferior oblique= move the eye up and in

Front 1047

Where do CN I orginates?

Back 1047

inferior frontal lobe of the brain stem

Front 1048

Where does CN II orgiante?

Back 1048

brain stem

Front 1049

What CN orginate from the brain stem? (2)

Back 1049

(1)I (2)II

Front 1050

autonomic fibers in the CN are (1)

Back 1050

parasympathic fibers

Front 1051

(1)in the CN are parasympathic fibers

Back 1051

autonomic fibers

Front 1052

autonomic fibers are in the CN (1)

Back 1052

parasympathetic fibers

Front 1053

What is any easy way to rememmeber which muscles the CN III does not innervate? (2)

Back 1053

SO4 and LR

superior oblique and lateral rectus

Front 1054

What is any easy way to rememmeber which muscles the CN III does not innervate? (2)

Back 1054

SO4 and LR

superior oblique and lateral rectus

Front 1055

What is any easy way to rememmeber which muscles the CN III does not innervate? (2)

Back 1055

SO4 and LR

superior oblique and lateral rectus

Front 1056

What is the cillary muscles?

Back 1056

adjust the lens of the eye so you can focus on a object

Front 1057

NAME
this muscles adjusts the lens of the eye so you can focus on a object

Back 1057

cillary muscles

Front 1058

What are the nuclei of the CN III? (2)

Back 1058

(1)main motor (2)acessary parasymapthetic

Front 1059

What is the main motor nuclei of the CN III?

Back 1059

where the sympathetic fibers come from

Front 1060

What is the acessary parasympathetic nuclei?

Back 1060

where the parasympathic fibers orginate

Front 1061

The Edinger-westphal is also called the (1)

Back 1061

acessary parasympathetic

Front 1062

the (1)is also called acessary parasympathetic

Back 1062

Edinger-westphal

Front 1063

What is the skull foramen for the CN III?

Back 1063

superior orbital fissue

Front 1064

What happens if you injury the CN III?

Back 1064

(1)ptosis (2)pupils will dilate and not become smaller (3)the person will not be able to lift the eyelid, move the pupil up, down, medial, and rotate the eye when the eye is abducted (4)diplopia (5)loss of pupillary reflex and consensual reflex (6)loss of constriction of the pupil in response to focusing on a near object

Hint 1064

T

Front 1065

NAME
if this happens you would see ptosis, the inability of the pupils to dilate and not become smaller, the person will not be able to lift the eyelid, move the pupil up, down, medial, and rotate the eye when the eye is abducted, diplopia, loss of pupillary reflex and consensual reflex, and loss of constriction of the pupil in response to focusing on a near object

Back 1065

CN III

Front 1066

Why is it important to tell if a person pupils will not dilate if someone has a head injury?

Back 1066

bc nuclei are in the brain stem and the vital functions may be comprised

Front 1067

Where does CN IV orginate?

Back 1067

in the metencaphalon

Front 1068

NAME
this orginates in the metencephalon

Back 1068

CN IV

Front 1069

What are some double exceptions to the CN IV? (2)

Back 1069

it is the only CN to exit from the posterior side of the brain stem (2)crosses to other side of brain

Front 1070

What are some double exceptions to the CN IV? (2)

Back 1070

it is the only CN to exit from the posterior side of the brain stem (2)crosses to other side of brain

Front 1071

NAME
this is the only CN to exit from the posterior side of the brain

Back 1071

CN IV

Front 1072

CN IV is the only CN to (1)from the brain

Back 1072

exit from the posterior side

Front 1073

NAME
this is the only CN that crosses to both sides of the brain

Back 1073

CN IV

Front 1074

What are (2)CN that originate in the superior orbital fissure?

Back 1074

(1)III (2)CN IV

Front 1075

NAME
these two nerves originate from the superior orbital fissure

Back 1075

CN III and CN IV

Front 1076

What happens if CN IV is injured?

Back 1076

the person will not be able to rotate the eye down and in

Front 1077

NAME
if this happens the person will not be able to rotate the eye down and in

Back 1077

CN IV

Front 1078

What kind of fiber does the CN IV have?

Back 1078

motor

Front 1079

What is the motor nucleus of the CN VI?

Back 1079

pons

Front 1080

What is the motor nucleus of the CN VI?

Back 1080

pons

Front 1081

What are the fibers of CN VI?

Back 1081

motor

Front 1082

What is the target organ of the CN VI?

Back 1082

LR=lateral rectus

Front 1083

NAME
the target organ of this nerve is Lateral rectus

Back 1083

CN VI

Front 1084

How do you evulate an injury to the CN VI?

Back 1084

have the patient lateral rotate each eye

Front 1085

NAME
you can evulate this CN injury by having the person lateral rotate each eye

Back 1085

CN VI

Front 1086

What is the differ btwn the pupillary and consensual reflex? (2)

Back 1086

(1)pupillary-eye constricts when light is shined into it (2)consensual-eye constricts when light is shined into the other eye

Front 1087

What is the differ btwn the pupillary and consensual reflex? (2)

Back 1087

(1)pupillary-eye constricts when light is shined into it (2)consensual-eye constricts when light is shined into the other eye

Front 1088

if you want to test CN considering using the (1)

Back 1088

reflexes

Front 1089

if you shine light in a person left eye, and the left constricts but the right does not.
(1)what can you deduct from this?

Back 1089

efferent limb of the oculomotor nerve

Front 1090

If you shine light in a person's eye and both eyes do not constrict,
(1)what can you deduct from this?

Back 1090

the problem could be w either the optic or oculomotor nerve

Front 1091

if you shine a light in the right eye and the left eye doesn't constrict.

(1)what can you deduct from this?

Back 1091

the problem is w the left optic nerve

Front 1092

What CN is the largets?

Back 1092

CN V

Front 1093

CN V is also called the (1)

Back 1093

trigeminal

Front 1094

trigeminal is also called the(1)

Back 1094

CN V

Front 1095

NAME
this is the largest CN

Back 1095

CN V

Front 1096

CN V is the largest (1)

Back 1096

CN

Front 1097

What kind of fibers does CN V have?

Back 1097

(1)its a mixed nerve=therefore, motor and sensory

Front 1098

What are the (3)branches of the CN V?

Back 1098

(1)V1 (2)V2(3)V3

Front 1099

NAME
this has three branches: V1, V2, and V3

Back 1099

CN V

Front 1100

V1 is also called (1)

Back 1100

opthalmic

Front 1101

(1)is also called the opthalmic

Back 1101

V1

Front 1102

V2 is also called the (1)

Back 1102

maxillary

Front 1103

(1)is also called the maxillary

Back 1103

V2

Front 1104

V3 is also called the (1)

Back 1104

mandibular

Front 1105

(1)is also called the mandibular

Back 1105

V3

Front 1106

Draw a box comparing and contrast the 3 branches if CN V

Back 1106

see notes

Front 1107

Draw a box comparing and contrast the 3 branches if CN V

Back 1107

see notes

Front 1108

Draw a box comparing and contrast the 3 branches if CN V

Back 1108

see notes

Front 1109

What is the skull foramina for V1?

Back 1109

superior orbital fissure

Front 1110

What is the skull foramina for V2?

Back 1110

foramen rotundum

Front 1111

What is the skull foramina for V3?

Back 1111

foramen ovale

Front 1112

NAME
this branch of the CN V skull foramina is the superior orbital fissure

Back 1112

V1

Front 1113

NAMe
the skull foramina for this branch of CN V is the foramen rotundum

Back 1113

V2

Front 1114

NAME
the skull foramina for this branch of CN V is the foramen ovale

Back 1114

V3

Front 1115

What kind of fibers are in the V1 of the CN V?

Back 1115

sensory

Front 1116

What kind of fibers are in the V2 of the CN V?

Back 1116

sensory

Front 1117

What kind of fibers are in the V3 of CN V?

Back 1117

sensory and motor

Front 1118

NAME
these (2)branches of the CN V contains sensory fibers

Back 1118

V1 and V2

Front 1119

What are the target organs of the V1 branch of CN V?

Back 1119

suprorbital part of the nerve /skin

Front 1120

What are the target organs of the V2 branch of CN V?

Back 1120

infraobrital nerve/skin

Front 1121

What are the target organs of the V3 branch of CN V?(3)

Back 1121

is the mandibular part of the skin (2)muscles of mastication (3)TMJ

Front 1122

NAME
this branch of the CN V targets the suproribital part of the nerve/skin

Back 1122

V1

Front 1123

NAME
this branch of the CN V targets the infraorbital nerve/skins

Back 1123

V2

Front 1124

NAME
this branch of the CN V targets the mandibular part, skin on top , muscles of chewing, and TMJ

Back 1124

V3

Front 1125

Draw a pic of what parts of the face the branches of CN V supply

Back 1125

see notes

Front 1126

Draw a pic of what parts of the face the branches of CN V supply

Back 1126

see notes

Front 1127

Draw a pic of what parts of the face the branches of CN V supply

Back 1127

see notes

Front 1128

What are the muscles of mastication?(4)

Back 1128

(1)masseter (2)temproalis (3)lateral pteygoid (4)medial pterygoid

Front 1129

NAME
these include the masseter, temproalis, lateral pteygoid, and the medial pterygoid

Back 1129

muscles of mastication

Front 1130

What branch of CN V supplies the muscles of chewing?

Back 1130

V3 of CN V

Front 1131

What are muscles are supplied by the V3 of CN V?

Back 1131

the muscles of the chewing

Front 1132

How do you evaluate CN V?(2)

Back 1132

the sensory fibers=

have them close eyes and apply sensory stimulation such as swab, hot, and cold
(2)test motor fibers by having intimate chewing

Front 1133

How do you evaluate CN V?(2)

Back 1133

the sensory fibers=

have them close eyes and apply sensory stimulation such as swab, hot, and cold
(2)test motor fibers by having intimate chewing

Front 1134

NAME
this CN sends fibers to all muscles of facial experession

Back 1134

CN VII

Front 1135

What kind of fibers does the CN VIII have?

Back 1135

purely sensory nerve

Front 1136

What are the target organs of the CN VII?(3)

Back 1136

supplies submandibular (2)sublingual salivary glands (3)anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Front 1137

NAME
this supplies the submandibular, sublingual salivary glands, and anterior 2/3 of the tongue's taste fibers

Back 1137

CN VII

Front 1138

What are the fibers of CN VII and where do they go?

Back 1138

(1)main motor=goes to facial expression muscles (2)sensory =anterior 2/3 of tongue (3)goes to salivary glands

Front 1139

the (1)fibers of CN VII goes to the facial expression muscles

Back 1139

motor

Front 1140

the (1)fibers of the CN VII goes to the 2/3 anterior tongue

Back 1140

sensory fibers

Front 1141

the (1)fibers of CN VII goes to the salvary glands

Back 1141

parasympathitc fibers

Front 1142

How do you evulate the CN VII?

Back 1142

have the person mimic your facial expression (2)sensory=place something sweet or sour on the tip of their tongue

Front 1143

What are (3)parts of the ear?

Back 1143

(1)outer (2)inner (3)middle

Front 1144

NAME
this has three parts-outer, inner, and middle

Back 1144

ear

Front 1145

Where does CN VIII start?

Back 1145

inner ear

Front 1146

What is the semicircula canals?

Back 1146

is the organ of balance

Front 1147

NAME
this is the organ of balance

Back 1147

semicircula canals

Front 1148

What is the cohclea?

Back 1148

functions in auditory

Front 1149

NAME
this functions in hearing

Back 1149

cochlea

Front 1150

What is the internal acoustic meatus?

Back 1150

is where the cochlea and the semicirucla canals come join together

Front 1151

NAME
this is where the cochlea and the semicircula canals join together

Back 1151

internal acoustic meatus

Front 1152

What are (2)branches of the CN VIII?

Back 1152

(1)vestibular (2)cochlear

Front 1153

NAME
this has two branches: vestibular and cochlear

Back 1153

CN VIII

Front 1154

Describe the path of fibers for CN VIII?(3)

Back 1154

(1)(a)semicircular canal=vestiublar branch
(b)cochlea=cochlear branch (2)inner acustic meatus (3)CN VIII

Front 1155

How do evaluate the CN VIII?(2)

Back 1155

(1)cochlear branch=use a tuning fork (2)vestiublar=test balance ex include Tinetti test

Front 1156

How do evaluate the CN VIII?(2)

Back 1156

(1)cochlear branch=use a tuning fork (2)vestiublar=test balance ex include Tinetti test

Front 1157

WHat kind of fibers does CN IV have?

Back 1157

motor

Front 1158

What kind of fibers does CN VII have and what do they supply?

Back 1158

(1)mixed nerve=brings info from the cartoid (2)autonomic fibers=partoid gland (3)sensory= the posterior third tongue

Front 1159

The partoid gland is the largest (10

Back 1159

salivary gland in the body

Front 1160

NAME
this is the largest salivary gland in the body

Back 1160

partiod gland

Front 1161

What is the largest salivary glad in the body

Back 1161

partoid gland

Front 1162

where CN IX?

Back 1162

outside of the oral cavity and sites on top of the masseter

Front 1163

NAME
this is located outside of the oral cavity and sits on top of the masseter

Back 1163

CN IX

Front 1164

What is the mumps?

Back 1164

it is infection of the partoid gland

Front 1165

NAME
this is a infection of the partoid gland

Back 1165

mumps

Front 1166

What is the main nuclei of CN IX? (2)

Back 1166

motor fibers (2)sensory fibers go to the pharynx and tongue

Front 1167

What is the main nuclei of CN IX? (2)

Back 1167

motor fibers (2)sensory fibers go to the pharynx and tongue

Front 1168

How do you evulate the CN IX?

Back 1168

use gag and swallowing reflex

Front 1169

What is the skull foramen IX?

Back 1169

juglar foramen

Front 1170

NAME (2)
this CN's skull foramen is the juglar foramen

Back 1170

CN IX and X

Front 1171

What is the main nuceli of the CN X?

Back 1171

(1)mixed nerve (2)parasympathetic

Front 1172

How do you evualte the CN X?

Back 1172

use gag and swallowing reflex

Front 1173

Whatis the skull foramen for CN X?

Back 1173

juglar foramen

Front 1174

What is speacil about CN X?

Back 1174

is the only CN that exits the neck and thorax and goes to the pelvic and abdomen all the way to transverse column

Front 1175

NAME
this is the only CN that exits the neck and thoarax and goes to the pelvic and abdomen all--all the way to the tranverse column

Back 1175

CN X

Front 1176

NAME
this supplies all visceral organs to the tranverse column

Back 1176

CN X

Front 1177

the (1)fibers of the CN X supplies all the visceral organs to the transverse organs

Back 1177

parasympathetic

Front 1178

the parasympathetic fibers of the CN X supplies (1)

Back 1178

all the visceral organs to the transverse columns

Front 1179

T or F
the CN X supplies all of the large intestine

Back 1179

false

Front 1180

WHat kind of fibers does the CN XI have?

Back 1180

purely motor fibers

Front 1181

What are (2)portions of the CN XI?

Back 1181

(1)cranial portion (2)spinal portion

Front 1182

NAME
this has two portions: cranial portions and spinal portions

Back 1182

CN XI

Front 1183

What is the cranial portion of the CN XI?

Back 1183

supplies the muscle of larynx

Front 1184

NAME
this part of CN XI supplies the muscles of the larynx

Back 1184

cranial portion of the CN XI

Front 1185

What is the spinal portion of the CN XI?

Back 1185

supplies the sternoclastoidmastoid and the trapezius

Front 1186

NAME
this portion of the CN XI supplies the sternoclastodmastoid and the trapezius

Back 1186

spinal portion

Front 1187

How do you elevate the CN XI? (2)

Back 1187

have the patient elevate their shoulder and pinch traps (2)have them turn their head to the left and right...oppose motion, too

Front 1188

How do you elevate the CN XI? (2)

Back 1188

have the patient elevate their shoulder and pinch traps (2)have them turn their head to the left and right.....oppose motion, too

Front 1189

NAME
this CN supplies the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Back 1189

CN XII

Front 1190

What are the nucleus of the CN XII?

Back 1190

motor fibers

Front 1191

What is the skull foramen for the CN XII?

Back 1191

the hypoglossal canal

Front 1192

NAME
the skull foramen is the hypoglossal canal

Back 1192

CN XII

Front 1193

Where is the hypoglossol canal located?

Back 1193

below the tongue

Front 1194

How can you elevate the CN XII?

Back 1194

have the person stick tongue out...(2)the tongue will protrude to the side of the lesion

Front 1195

the tongue will (1)of the lesion

Back 1195

protude to the side

Front 1196

Which CN contain only sensory fibers?

Back 1196

(1)CN I

Front 1197

NAME
this CN is contains only purely sensory fibers

Back 1197

CN I

Front 1198

Which CN continas only lateral, medial, and sensory fibers?

Back 1198

(1)CN II

Front 1199

NAME
this CN contains only lateral, medial, and sensory fibers

Back 1199

CN II

Front 1200

Which CN contain purely motor fibers?(3)

Back 1200

(1)CN IV (2)CN VI (3)CN XI

Front 1201

NAME (3)
these CNs contain only purely motor fibers

Back 1201

(1)CN IV (2)CN VI (3)CN XI (4)CN XII

Front 1202

Which CN contain autonomic fibers?

Back 1202

(1)CN III (2)CN VII (3)CN IX(4)CN X

Front 1203

NAME (4)
these CN contain parasympathetic fibers

Back 1203

(1)CN III (2)CN VII (3)CN IX(4)CN X

Front 1204

Which CNs are mixed nerves? (4)

Back 1204

(1)CN V (2)CN VII (3)CN IX (4)CN X

Front 1205

NAME (4)
these CNs are mixed nerves

Back 1205

(1)CN V (2)CN VII (3)CN IX (4)CN X

Front 1206

Which CNs contain motor fibers, and parasympathetic fibers?

Back 1206

CN III

Front 1207

NAME
these CNs contain motor and parasympathetic fibers

Back 1207

CN III

Front 1208

Which CNs are mixed nerves and contain parasympathetic fibers?

Back 1208

(1)Cn VII (2)CN IX (3)CN X

Front 1209

NAME(4)
these CNs are mixed nerves and contain parasympathetic fibers

Back 1209

CN III
CN VII
CN IX
CN X

Front 1210

NAME
this CN is jst a mixed nerves (has only sensory and motor fibers)

Back 1210

CN V

Front 1211

Draw a chart of the fibers in all of the CNs

Back 1211

see notes

Front 1212

Draw a chart of the fibers in all of the CNs

Back 1212

see notes

Front 1213

Draw a chart of the fibers in all of the CNs

Back 1213

see notes

Front 1214

Draw a chart of the fibers in all of the CNs

Back 1214

see notes

Front 1215

What is the labyrinth?

Back 1215

consists of the vastibular appartus and the cochlea

Front 1216

NAME
this consists of the vastibular appartus and the cochlea

Back 1216

labyrinth

Front 1217

NAME
this is a snail shell shaped organ formed by a spiraling fluid filled tube

Back 1217

cochlea

Front 1218

What is the organ of Corti?

Back 1218

is the organ of hearing

Front 1219

NAME
this is the organ of hearing

Back 1219

organ of Corti

Front 1220

What is the function of the organ of Corti?

Back 1220

it converts mechanical energy into neural singals conveyed by the cochlear nerve

Front 1221

NAME
this converts mechanical energy into neural signals conveyed by the cochlear nerve

Back 1221

organ of Corti

Front 1222

the organ of Corti converts (1)into (2)conveyed by the cochlear nerve

Back 1222

(1)mechanical energy (2)neural singals

Front 1223

What are some functions of the auditory information w/in the NS?

Back 1223

(1)orients the head and eyes toward sounds (2)increases the activty level throughout the central nervous system (3)provides conscious awareness and recogination of sounds

Front 1224

NAME
some functions include orienting the head and eyes towards sounds, increases the activity level throughout the central nervous system, and provides conscious awareness and recogintion of sounds

Back 1224

auditory information

Front 1225

What is the primary auditory cortex?

Back 1225

is the site of conscious awareness of the intensity of sounds

Front 1226

NAME
this is the site of conscious awareness of the intensity of sounds

Back 1226

primary auditory cortex

Front 1227

What is the auditory association cortex?

Back 1227

this compares sounds w memories of other sounds then categorizes the sounds as language, music, or noise

Front 1228

NAME
this compares sounds w memories of other sounds then categorizes the sounds as language, music, or noise

Back 1228

auditory association cortex

Front 1229

Describe the conversion of sound into neural signals ? (6)

Back 1229

(1)sounds waves strike the ear drum (2)ossicales move, causing vibration of the move at opening of upper chamber (3)fluid moves in the upper chamber (4)basilar membrane and hair cells vibrate (5)hairs bend bc the tips are embedded in the immobile tectoiral membrane and hair cells depolarize (6)cochlear nerve ending are activated

Front 1230

Describe the conversion of sound into neural signals ? (6)

Back 1230

(1)sounds waves strike the ear drum (2)ossicales move, causing vibration of the move at opening of upper chamber (3)fluid moves in the upper chamber (4)basilar membrane and hair cells vibrate (5)hairs bend bc the tips are embedded in the immobile tectoiral membrane and hair cells depolarize (6)cochlear nerve ending are activated

Front 1231

Describe the conversion of sound into neural signals ? (6)

Back 1231

(1)sounds waves strike the ear drum (2)ossicales move, causing vibration of the move at opening of upper chamber (3)fluid moves in the upper chamber (4)basilar membrane and hair cells vibrate (5)hairs bend bc the tips are embedded in the immobile tectoiral membrane and hair cells depolarize (6)cochlear nerve ending are activated

Front 1232

What is the Wernicke's area?

Back 1232

allows you to comprehend langauge

Front 1233

NAME
this allows you to comprehend langauge

Back 1233

Wernicke's area

Front 1234

the (1)part of CN IX innervates the phargengeal muscles and the parotid salivary gland

Back 1234

motor

Front 1235

the motor part of the CN (1)innervates the phargengeal muscles and the parotid salivary gland

Back 1235

motor

Front 1236

the (1)nerve provides afferent and efferent innervation of the larynx, pharynex, and viscera

Back 1236

vagus nerve

Front 1237

Where does the parasymapthtic fibers of the CN X go? (9)

Back 1237

(1)larynx (2)pharynx (3)trachea (4)lungs (5)heart (6)GI tract except the lower intestine (7)pancreas (8)gallbladder (9)liver

Front 1238

the (1)fibers of the CN (2)go the larynx, pharynx, trachea, lungs, heart,the GI tract except the lower intestine, pancreas, gallbladder, and liver

Back 1238

parasympathetic fibers of the CN X

Front 1239

Where does the parasymapthtic fibers of the CN X go? (9)

Back 1239

(1)larynx (2)pharynx (3)trachea (4)lungs (5)heart (6)GI tract except the lower intestine (7)pancreas (8)gallbladder (9)liver

Front 1240

the far reaching connections allow the vagus to (1)

Back 1240

decrease heart rate, constrict the bronchi, affect speech production, and increase digestive activity

Front 1241

the far reaching connections allow the (1)to decrease heart rate, constrict the bronchi, affect speech production, and increase digestive activity

Back 1241

CN X

Front 1242

What are the (3)stages of the swallowing?

Back 1242

(1)oral (2)pharyngeal/laryngeal (3)esophageal

Front 1243

NAME
this has three stages: oral, pharyngeal/laryngeal and esophageal

Back 1243

swallowing

Front 1244

What CN are involved in swallowing? (4)

Back 1244

(1)CN V (2)CN VII (3)Cn IX (4)CN X`

Front 1245

NAME
this involves the following CNs: CN V, CN VII, CN IX, and CN X

Back 1245

swallowing

Front 1246

What CN are involved in speaking? be specfic (4)

Back 1246

(1)CN X=generates sound in larynx which are articualtes at the soft palate (2)Cn VII allows the lips (3)CN V allows the jaw to move (4)CN XII=allows the tongue to move

Front 1247

What CN are involved in speaking? be specfic (4)

Back 1247

(1)CN X=generates sound in larynx which are articualtes at the soft palate (2)Cn VII allows the lips (3)CN V allows the jaw to move (4)CN XII=allows the tongue to move

Front 1248

STOPED HERE

Back 1248

STOPPED HERE

Front 1249

What would you expect if someone had a CN IV injury? (4)

Back 1249

(1)inability to move the eye medially and down (2)double vision (3)diffucly reading (4)visual problems when descending the stairs

Front 1250

NAME
people with this CN injury would have be unable to move the eye medially and down, have double vision, diffuclity reading, and visual problems when descending the stairs

Back 1250

CN IV

Front 1251

CN IV is also called (1)

Back 1251

trochlear

Front 1252

(1)is also called the trochlear

Back 1252

CN IV

Front 1253

if the opthalmic division of the CN V is affected the (1)will be affected

Back 1253

the afferent limb of the blink reflex will be affected

Front 1254

if the (1)is affected then the afferent limb of the CN V is affected

Back 1254

the opthalmic divisio nof the CN V

Front 1255

If the person injuries there opthalmic division of the CN V would would u expect to see?

Back 1255

the person would not be able to perform the blink reflex

Front 1256

If a person cannot peroform the blink reflex
(1)What can conclude about the patient?
(2)How would you test this?

Back 1256

that the afferent limb of the CN V (2)the person will not be able to do the blink reflex

Front 1257

if the mandibular division of CN V affected then (1)

Back 1257

the jaw will deviate toward the involved side when the mouth is opened and the masster reflex is lost

Front 1258

If the (1)is affected the jaw will deviate toward the involved side when the mouth is opened and the masseter reflex is lost

Back 1258

mandibular division of CN V

Front 1259

If the persons injuries their mandibular division of CN V
(1)What can you conclude?
(2)how would you test for this?

Back 1259

that the mandibular division of the CN V is affected (2)the will not be able to the masseter reflex

Front 1260

Trigeminal neuraliga is also called (1)

Back 1260

tic duoluoreux

Front 1261

(1)is also known as tic duolouoreux

Back 1261

trigeminal neuraliga

Front 1262

What is the Trigeminal neuraliga?

Back 1262

is a dysfunction of the trigeminal nerve producing severe sharp, stabbing pain in the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve

Front 1263

NAME
this is a dysfunction of the CN V nerve producing severe sharp, stabbing pain in the disribution of one or more branches of the CN V

Back 1263

trigeminal neuraliga

Front 1264

What are some possible causes of trigeminal neuraliga?

Back 1264

(1)a peripheral lesion (2)hyperexcitability of damaged fibers in the trigeminal root ganglia (3)pressure of a blood vessel on the nerve

Front 1265

NAME
this may be caused by a peripheral lesion, hyperexictability of damaged fibers in the trigeminal root ganglia, and the pressure of a blood vessel on the nerve

Back 1265

trigeminal neuraliga

Front 1266

For trigeminal neuraliga, what usally causes the pain?

Back 1266

is triggered things that are not normally noxious such as eating, talking or touching the face

Front 1267

people w this (1)usally have pain that is triggered by things that are not normally noxious such as eating, talking, or touching the face

Back 1267

trigeminal neuraliga

Front 1268

How is trigeminal neuraliga?

Back 1268

by drugs or surgery

Front 1269

What would you expect from a person with complete lesion of the CN VI?

Back 1269

the eye to look inward bc the paralyisis of the Lateral rectus muscles leaves the pull of the medial rectus muscle unopposed

Front 1270

if the person has a eye that looks inward.
(1)What can you conclude?
(2)why is there eye like this?

Back 1270

(1)they have a complete lesion of the CN VI (2)this is bc the paralysis of the Lateral rectus meuscles leaves the pull of hte medial rectus muscle unopposed

Front 1271

What would you expect from a person with a lesion of the CN VI? (2)

Back 1271

the person will be unable to volunatry abduct the eye (2)will have double vision

Front 1272

if the person has a lesion of the CN VI
(1)what can you conclude?

Back 1272

the person will be unable to volunatry abduct the eye (2)will have double vision

Front 1273

if the person is unable to voluntary abduct the eye and has double vision?
(1)What conclusions can they make?

Back 1273

the have lesion of the CN VI

Front 1274

What is the INO?

Back 1274

is lesion affecting the medial longitudinal fasciulus that interrupts the singals from the abducens nucleus to the oculomotor nucleus

Front 1275

NAME
ths is a lesion affecting the medial longitudina lfascilus that interrupts the singals from the abducens nucleus to the oculomotor nucleus

Back 1275

INO

Front 1276

What does INO stand for?

Back 1276

internuclea opthalamoplegia

Front 1277

What you expect if a person has a damaged facial nerve? (2)

Back 1277

paraylsis or ipsilateral paraylisis of face muscles

Front 1278

If this person has paraylisis of facial muscles
(1)what can you conclude?

Back 1278

they have a damaged facial nerve

Front 1279

What is Bell's Palsy?

Back 1279

is the paralysis of the muscles by the facial nerve on one side of the face

Front 1280

NAME
this is paraylsis of the muscels by the facial nerve on one side of the face

Back 1280

Bell's Palsy

Front 1281

Deafness usally results from disorders affecting the (1)

Back 1281

peripheral structures of the audiotry system such as the cochlea, and the organ of Corti

Front 1282

What are two ways to classify hearing losses bc of peripheral disorders? (2)

Back 1282

(1)conductive or (2)sensorneual deafness

Front 1283

NAME
this is classifed as either conductive or sensorineural deafness

Back 1283

hearing losses bc of peripheral disorders

Front 1284

What are conductive deafness?

Back 1284

occurs when the transmission of vibrations is prevented in the outer or middle ear

Front 1285

NAME
this occurs when the transmission of vibrations is prevented in the outer or middle ear

Back 1285

conductive deafness

Front 1286

What is sensorineural deafness?

Back 1286

is due to the damage of the receptor cells or the cochlear nerve

Front 1287

NAME
this is due to the damage of the receptor cells or the cochlear nerve

Back 1287

sensorineural deafness

Front 1288

Which is more common sensorineural or conductive deafness?

Back 1288

sensorineural deafness

Front 1289

What are some causes of deafness ?(3)

Back 1289

(1)ototoxic drugs (2)Meniere's disease (3)acoustic neuroma

Front 1290

NAME
this can be caused by ototoxic durgs, Meniere's disease, and acoustic neuroma

Back 1290

deafness

Front 1291

What are ototoxic drugs?

Back 1291

they have a poisoning effect on the aduitory structures and damage CN VIII

Front 1292

NAME
this drug has a poisoning effect on the auditory structures and damage CN VIII

Back 1292

ototoxic drug

Front 1293

What is acoustic neuroma?

Back 1293

is a benign tumor of myelin cells surrounding the CN VIII

Front 1294

NAME
this is a is a benign tumor of myelin cells surrounding the CN VIII

Back 1294

acoustic neuromna

Front 1295

What is tinnitus?

Back 1295

is ringing in the ears

Front 1296

NAME
this ringing in the ears

Back 1296

tinnitus

Front 1297

T or F
disorders w/in he CN nervous usally cause hearing probelms

Back 1297

False

Front 1298

do disorders w/in the CNS usally cause hearing problems?

Back 1298

no

Front 1299

What happens if the primary auditory cortex is damaged?

Back 1299

the only loss is the ability to id the location of sounds

Front 1300

NAME
if this is damaged the only loss is the ability to id the location of the sounds

Back 1300

primary auditory cortex

Front 1301

A complete lesion of the cochlear branch causes (1)

Back 1301

unilateral deafness

Front 1302

What happens ift the CN IX is completed severed? (2)

Back 1302

would have trouble w swallowing and gag reflex (2)salivation would be decreased

Front 1303

NAME
if this is damaged then you would have trouble swallowing and gag reflex and saliavtion would be decreased

Back 1303

CN IX

Front 1304

What would you expect if a person complete severes the CN X?

Back 1304

trouble speaking (2)swallowing (3)poor digestion due to decrease digestive enzymes (3)decreased peristaliss (4)assymmetical elevation of the palate and hoarsness

Front 1305

NAME
if this is damaged you can expect trouble speaking (2)swallowing (3)poor digestion due to decrease digestive enzymes (3)decreased peristaliss (4)assymmetical elevation of the palate and hoarsness

Back 1305

a complete lesion of the CN X

Front 1306

What would you expect if someone has a damaged accessory nerve?

Back 1306

paralized sternocleiodmastoid and trapezius muscles

Front 1307

NAME
if this CN is damaged you can expect a paralyzed sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscle

Back 1307

acessary nerve

Front 1308

What CN are involved in swallowing? (5)

Back 1308

(1)CN V (2)CN VII (3)CN IX (4)CN X (5)CN XII

Front 1309

WHat is dysarthria?

Back 1309

is poor control of speech affectig primarily motor production

Front 1310

NAME
this is poor control of speech primarily affecting motor production

Back 1310

dysarthria

Front 1311

T or F
people w dysarthria can understand spoken, language, write, and read

Back 1311

true

Front 1312

sensory, autonomic, and motor vertical tracts travel through the (1)

Back 1312

brain stem

Front 1313

Sensory tracts convey info from the (1)to the (2)

Back 1313

spinal cord to the brain

Front 1314

Motor tract convey info from the (1)to the (2)

Back 1314

cortex to the brain stem and spinal cord

Front 1315

NAME
these convey info from the spinal cord to the brain

Back 1315

sensory tracts

Front 1316

NAME
these convey info from the cortex to the brain stem and the spinal cord

Back 1316

motor tract

Front 1317

Describe the tracts in the brain stem

Back 1317

they go vertically and longitudinal

Front 1318

Describe the tracts in the brain stem

Back 1318

they go vertically and longitudinal

Front 1319

What are the vertical tracts of the brain stem?(7)

Back 1319

(1)tecto (2)rubro (3)retic (4)ulo (5)vestibulo (6)ceruleo (7)raphespinal

Front 1320

What are the vertical tracts of the brain stem?(7)

Back 1320

(1)tecto (2)rubro (3)retic (4)ulo (5)vestibulo (6)ceruleo (7)raphespinal

Front 1321

NAME
these includ tecto, rubro, retic, ulo, vestibulo, ceruleo, and raphespinal

Back 1321

vertical tracts of the brain stem

Front 1322

What are (3)longitudinal sections of the brain stem?

Back 1322

(1)basilar section (2)tegmentum section (3)and in the midbrain the tectum

Front 1323

NAME
this divided up into a basilar section, the tegmentum section, and the tecum in the midbrain

Back 1323

longitudinal section of the brain stem

Front 1324

What is the basilar section?

Back 1324

is part of the longitudinal brain stem that include primarily motor system structures

Front 1325

NAME
this is part of the longitudinal brain stem that includes primarily motor systems structures

Back 1325

basilar section

Front 1326

What is the tegmentum section?

Back 1326

is part of the longitudinal part of the brain stem that is involved in adjusting the general level of neural activity, integrating sensory info, and cranial nerve functions

Front 1327

NAME
this is part of the longitdinal part of the brain stem that is involved in adjusting the general level of neural activity, integrating sensory info, and cranial nerve functions

Back 1327

tegmentum sections

Front 1328

What is the tectum?

Back 1328

part of the longitudinal section s of the brain stem that regulates the eye reflexes and reflexive head movements

Front 1329

NAME
this is part of the longitudinal sections of the brain stem that regulates the eye reflexes and reflexive head movements

Back 1329

tectum

Front 1330

What is the differ btwn the differ longitudinal sections of the brain? (3)

Back 1330

(1)basilar section-is primarly motor (2)tegementum=is involved in adjusting the general level of neural activity,integrating sensory info, and cranial nerve functions (3)the tectum= regulates the eye reflexes and reflexive head movements

Front 1331

What is the differ btwn the differ longitudinal sections of the brain? (3)

Back 1331

(1)basilar section-is primarly motor (2)tegementum=is involved in adjusting the general level of neural activity,integrating sensory info, and cranial nerve functions (3)the tectum= regulates the eye reflexes and reflexive head movements

Front 1332

NAME
this helps w vital functions and arousal

Back 1332

brain stem

Front 1333

What is the brain stem?

Back 1333

helps w vital functions and arousal such as awake and alert

Front 1334

Most CN come from the (1)

Back 1334

brain stem

Front 1335

tracts orginate from the (1)or (2)to the brain stem

Back 1335

cerbellum or brain

Front 1336

Tracts orignate from the cerebellum or the brain to the (1)

Back 1336

brain stem

Front 1337

NAME
this is is the pathway for all fiber tracts passing up and down from peripheral nerves and spinal cord to the highest parts of the brain.

Back 1337

brain stem

Front 1338

The brain stem is the pathway for (1)

Back 1338

all fiber tracts passing up and down from the peripheral nerves and spinal cord to the highest parts of the brain

Front 1339

WHat are (3)parts of the brain stem?

Back 1339

(1)mesencephalon(2)
diencephalon(3)metencephalon

Front 1340

NAME
these parts include the mesencephalon, diencephalon, and metencephalon

Back 1340

brain stem

Front 1341

the midbrain is also called the (1)

Back 1341

mesencephalon

Front 1342

the (1)is also called the mesencephalon

Back 1342

midbrain

Front 1343

T or F
the diencephalon is part of the brain stem

Back 1343

false

Front 1344

What is the metencephalon? (4)

Back 1344

pons (2)upper medulla (3)cerebellum (4)4th ventricle

Front 1345

NAME
this includes the pons, upper medulla, cerebellum, and the 4th ventricle

Back 1345

metencephalon

Front 1346

(1)and (2)come from the diencephalon

Back 1346

I and II

Front 1347

CN I and II come from the (1)

Back 1347

diencepahlon

Front 1348

Where do CN I and II come from>

Back 1348

diencephalon

Front 1349

WHich CN come frm the diencephalon? (2)

Back 1349

(1)I (2)II

Front 1350

What is the largest CN?

Back 1350

CN V

Front 1351

NAME
this is the largest CN

Back 1351

CN V

Front 1352

What is the only CN to exit the olive?

Back 1352

CN XI

Front 1353

NAME
this is the only CN to exit the olive

Back 1353

CN XI

Front 1354

CN XI is the only CN to (1)

Back 1354

exit the olive

Front 1355

the mesencephalon has (1)

Back 1355

2 cerebreal peduncle

Front 1356

NAME
this has 2 cerebral peduncle

Back 1356

mesencephalon

Front 1357

What part of the brain stem has 2 cerebral pendicles?

Back 1357

mesencephalon

Front 1358

What is the inter-peduncle fossa?

Back 1358

is a space btwn the 2 peduncles

Front 1359

NAME
this is a space btwn the 2 peduncles

Back 1359

inter-peduncle fossa

Front 1360

What is the pons latin for?

Back 1360

bridge

Front 1361

NAME
this means bridge

Back 1361

pons

Front 1362

the medulla has (1)and (2)

Back 1362

pyramids (2)olives

Front 1363

NAME
this has pyramids and olives

Back 1363

medulla

Front 1364

Describe the medulla's features (2)

Back 1364

it has pyramids and olives

Front 1365

Describe the mesencephalon features? (2)

Back 1365

has two cerebral peduncles (2)2 superior and 2 inferior colliculus

Front 1366

NAME
this has the cerebral peduncles and a 2 superior and 2 inferior colliculus

Back 1366

mesencephalon

Front 1367

What is the tectum?

Back 1367

is the combo of the inferior and superior colliculus

Front 1368

NAME
this all 4 colliculi including the inferior and superior colliculus

Back 1368

tectum

Front 1369

The tectum is also called the (1)

Back 1369

corpora quadrigemia

Front 1370

(1)is also called the corpora quadrigemia

Back 1370

tectum

Front 1371

What it the CN to come from the posterior view?

Back 1371

CN IV

Front 1372

CN IV is the only CN to (1)

Back 1372

come from the posterior side

Front 1373

NAME
this is the only CN to come from the posterior side

Back 1373

CN IV

Front 1374

Describe the features of the metencephalon? (3)

Back 1374

has a superior, middle, and inferior cerebellar peduncle

Front 1375

NAME
this has a superior, middle, and inferior cerebellar peduncle

Back 1375

metencephalon

Front 1376

when the cerebral is removed from the brain stem you can see the (1)

Back 1376

4th ventricles

Front 1377

When the (1)is removed from the brain stem you can see the 4th ventricle

Back 1377

cerebrel hemespheres

Front 1378

What is the choroid plexus ?

Back 1378

is where CSF is produced

Front 1379

NAME
this is where CSF is produced

Back 1379

choroid plexus

Front 1380

Where are the choroid plexus located?

Back 1380

in each ventricle except the cerebral aquaduct

Front 1381

NAME
these are located in each ventricle except the cerebral aquaduct

Back 1381

choroid plexus

Front 1382

the choroid plexus is located in each ventricle except the (1)

Back 1382

cerebral aqauduct

Front 1383

What are the levels or segments of the spinal cord from inferior to superior? (8)

Back 1383

(1)level 1= MEDULLA OBLONGATA- LEVEL OF DECUSSATION OF PYRAMIDS (2)MEDULLA OBLONGATA- LEVEL OF DECUSSATION OF THE MEDIAL LEMNISCI (3)MEDULLA OBLONGATA- OLIVARY NUCLEI (4)MEDULLA OBLONGATA- ROSTRAL MEDULLA (5)PONS- FACIAL COLLICULUS (6)PONS- TRIGEMINAL NUCLEI (7)MESENCEPHALON- INFERIOR COLLICULUS (8)MESENCEPHALON- SUPERIOR COLLICULUS

Front 1384

What are the levels or segments of the spinal cord from inferior to superior? (8)

Back 1384

(1)level 1= MEDULLA OBLONGATA- LEVEL OF DECUSSATION OF PYRAMIDS (2)MEDULLA OBLONGATA- LEVEL OF DECUSSATION OF THE MEDIAL LEMNISCI (3)MEDULLA OBLONGATA- OLIVARY NUCLEI (4)MEDULLA OBLONGATA- ROSTRAL MEDULLA (5)PONS- FACIAL COLLICULUS (6)PONS- TRIGEMINAL NUCLEI (7)MESENCEPHALON- INFERIOR COLLICULUS (8)MESENCEPHALON- SUPERIOR COLLICULUS

Front 1385

Describe each and every level of the levels or segments of the spinal cord from inferior to superior?

Back 1385

see notes

Front 1386

NAME
this is the most inferior portion of the brain stem

Back 1386

medulla oblongta

Front 1387

the medulla oblongta is the most (1)part of the brain stem

Back 1387

inferior

Front 1388

Describe each and every level of the levels or segments of the spinal cord from inferior to superior?

Back 1388

see notes

Front 1389

Describe each and every level of the levels or segments of the spinal cord from inferior to superior?

Back 1389

see notes

Front 1390

Describe each and every level of the levels or segments of the spinal cord from inferior to superior?

Back 1390

see notes

Front 1391

What happens to the pyramids as you move superiorly?

Back 1391

the fibers cross posterioly and controlateral to the other side

Front 1392

NAME
in the medulla oblongata, fibers from this cross posteriorly and controlateraly

Back 1392

pyramids

Front 1393

the pyramids' fibers cross (1)and (2)as you move superiorly in the brain stem

Back 1393

posteriorly and controlateral

Front 1394

What do the pyramids?

Back 1394

are a bundles of motor fibers that regulate fine motor movements in the extermeties

Front 1395

NAME
these are bundles of motor fibers that regulate fine motor movements in the extermeties

Back 1395

pyramids

Front 1396

the pyramids are part of the (1)

Back 1396

caritcospinal tract

Front 1397

the (1)are part of the carticospinal tract

Back 1397

pyramids

Front 1398

What does SCM stand for?

Back 1398

sternoclastoid muscles

Front 1399

Fasiculus is another name for (1)

Back 1399

tract

Front 1400

What is the Gracillis?

Back 1400

is a muscle in the inner thigh that abducts

Front 1401

What nerve supplies the gracillis muscle?

Back 1401

obturator nerve

Front 1402

CN V has its own tract called (1)

Back 1402

spinal trigeminal tract

Front 1403

(1)has its own tract called spinal trigeminal tract

Back 1403

CN V

Front 1404

What is the fasiculus gracillis?

Back 1404

conveys sensory info from the gracillis

Front 1405

NAME
this conveys sensory info from the gracillis

Back 1405

fasiculus gracillis

Front 1406

What is the spino-cerebellar tracts?

Back 1406

are sensory tract involved in un-unconsciousness (2)goes from spine to cerebellum

Front 1407

NAME
this is a sensory tract inovled in unconsciousness...goes from the spine to the cerebellum

Back 1407

spino-cerebellar tracts

Front 1408

Lemnisci is also called the (1)

Back 1408

tract

Front 1409

NAME
this CN exits from the inferior frontal lobe

Back 1409

CN I

Front 1410

NAME
this CN exits from the diencephalon

Back 1410

CN II

Front 1411

What CN exits from the inferior frontal lobe?

Back 1411

CN I

Front 1412

What CN exits from the diencepahlon?

Back 1412

CN II

Front 1413

What CN exits from the posterior midbrain?

Back 1413

CN IV

Front 1414

What CN exits from the anterior midrbain?

Back 1414

CN III

Front 1415

NAME
this CN exits from the anterior midbrain

Back 1415

CN III

Front 1416

Where does CN III exit?

Back 1416

midbrain (anterior)

Front 1417

Where does CN IV exit from ?

Back 1417

posterior midbrain

Front 1418

Where does CN V exit from?

Back 1418

lateral pons

Front 1419

NAME
this CN exits from the lateral pons

Back 1419

CN V

Front 1420

Where does CN VI exit from?

Back 1420

btwn the pons and the medulla

Front 1421

Where does CN VII exit from?

Back 1421

btwn the pons and the medulla

Front 1422

Where does CN VIII exit from?

Back 1422

btwn the pons and the medulla

Front 1423

Which CNs exit from btwn the pons and the medulla? (3)

Back 1423

(1)CN VI (2)CN VII (3)CN VIII

Front 1424

Which CNs exit from btwn the pons and the medulla? (3)

Back 1424

(1)CN VI (2)CN VII (3)CN VIII

Front 1425

Where does the CN XI exit?

Back 1425

btwn the spinal cord and the medulla

Front 1426

NAME
this spinal cord exits btwn the spinal cord and the medulla

Back 1426

CN XI

Front 1427

Where does CN IX exit?

Back 1427

medulla

Front 1428

Where does CN X exit?

Back 1428

medulla

Front 1429

Where does CN XII exit?

Back 1429

medulla

Front 1430

Which CN exit from the medulla? (3)

Back 1430

(1)CN IX (2)CN X (3)CN XII

Front 1431

Which CN exit from the medulla? (3)

Back 1431

(1)CN IX (2)CN X (3)CN XII

Front 1432

What does ML stand for?

Back 1432

medial lemnisci

Front 1433

What happens to the ML?

Back 1433

the fibers cross anteriorly and controlaterally

Front 1434

the ML's fibers cross (1)and (2)

Back 1434

anteriorly and controlaterally

Front 1435

NAME
the fibers of this cross anteriorly and controlaterally

Back 1435

ML

Front 1436

if the pyramids, where damaged which side would you expect to see the damage?

Back 1436

on the opposite side of the lesion

Front 1437

Why would you expect to the a lesion on the opposite side of an injured pyramid?

Back 1437

bc the pryamid's fibers cross posteriorly and controlaterally

Front 1438

What is reticular formation?

Back 1438

is a collection of fibers that regulates consciousness

Front 1439

NAME
this is a collection of fibers that regulates consciousness

Back 1439

reticular formation

Front 1440

What happens if the reticular formation is injured?

Back 1440

the person goes into a coma

Front 1441

NAME
if this is injured the person goes into a coma

Back 1441

reticular formation

Front 1442

What does ICP stand for?

Back 1442

inferior cerebullar pendicle

Front 1443

NAME
this connects the medulla w the cerebellum

Back 1443

ICP

Front 1444

the ICP connects the (1)w the (2)

Back 1444

medulla w the cerebeullum

Front 1445

Describe what happens to the you move inferiorly to superiorly in the medulla oblongta?(3)

Back 1445

(1)fibers from the pyramids cross controlaterally and posterioly, CN XI emerges, and can see the central canal, fasciulus gracillis, and spinal trigeminal tract, and spino cerebeullar tract (2)medial lemnisci crosses anteriorly and controlaterally, CN XII enmerges, pyramids form, and can see ML (3)later you can see the 4th ventricle, ICP, reticular formation, and CN X emerges

Front 1446

Describe what happens to the you move inferiorly to superiorly in the medulla oblongta?(3)

Back 1446

(1)fibers from the pyramids cross controlaterally and posterioly, CN XI emerges, and can see the central canal, fasciulus gracillis, and spinal trigeminal tract, and spino cerebeullar tract (2)medial lemnisci crosses anteriorly and controlaterally, CN XII enmerges, pyramids form, and can see ML (3)later you can see the 4th ventricle, ICP, reticular formation, and CN X emerges

Front 1447

Describe what happens to the you move inferiorly to superiorly in the medulla oblongta?(3)

Back 1447

(1)fibers from the pyramids cross controlaterally and posterioly, CN XI emerges, and can see the central canal, fasciulus gracillis, and spinal trigeminal tract, and spino cerebeullar tract (2)medial lemnisci crosses anteriorly and controlaterally, CN XII enmerges, pyramids form, and can see ML (3)later you can see the 4th ventricle, ICP, reticular formation, and CN X emerges

Front 1448

Describe what happens to the pons as you move inferiorly to superiorly?(2)

Back 1448

(1)CN VI and VII emerge and can see facial coliculis (2)Next CN V emerges

Front 1449

Describe what happens to the pons as you move inferiorly to superiorly?(2)

Back 1449

(1)CN VI and VII emerge and can see facial coliculis (2)Next CN V emerges

Front 1450

Describe what happens to the pons as you move inferiorly to superiorly?(2)

Back 1450

(1)CN VI and VII emerge and can see facial coliculis (2)Next CN V emerges

Front 1451

Describe what happens to the Mesencephalon as you move inferiorly to superiorly?(2)

Back 1451

(1)can see cerebral aquaduct, 2 inferior collicus, cerebullar pendicule, substania and inter-penducle fossa and CN IV emerges (2)CN III emerges and can see red nucleus

Front 1452

Describe what happens to the Mesencephalon as you move inferiorly to superiorly?(2)

Back 1452

(1)can see cerebral aquaduct, 2 inferior collicus, cerebullar pendicule, substania and inter-penducle fossa and CN IV emerges (2)CN III emerges and can see red nucleus

Front 1453

Describe what happens to the Mesencephalon as you move inferiorly to superiorly?(2)

Back 1453

(1)can see cerebral aquaduct, 2 inferior collicus, cerebullar pendicule, substania and inter-penducle fossa and CN IV emerges (2)CN III emerges and can see red nucleus

Front 1454

What structures can be found medulla oblongata? (4)

Back 1454

(1)pyramids (2)central canal (3)CN XI, CN XII, and CN X (3)4th ventricle (4)reticular formation

Front 1455

What structures can be found in the pons?(2)

Back 1455

(1)CN VI, CN VII, and CN V (2)facial colliculis

Front 1456

What structures can be found in the Mesencephalon?

Back 1456

(1)(1)cerebral aqueduct (2)2 inferior collicus (3)substain nigra (4)cerebeullar pendicule and inter-pendicule fossa (5)red nucleus (6)CN III

Front 1457

What structures can be found in the Mesencephalon (6)

Back 1457

(1)cerebral aqueduct (2)2 inferior collicus (3)substain nigra (4)cerebeullar pendicule and inter-pendicule fossa (5)red nucleus (6)CN III

Front 1458

What structures can be found in the pons?(2)

Back 1458

(1)CN VI, CN VII, and CN V (2)facial colliculis

Front 1459

What structures can be found medulla oblongata? (5)

Back 1459

(1)pyramids and olives (2)central canal (3)CN XI, CN XII, and CN X (3)4th ventricle (4)reticular formation

Front 1460

Complete the packet on the parts of the brain stem

Back 1460

see packet

Front 1461

Complete the packet on the parts of the brain stem

Back 1461

see packet

Front 1462

Complete the packet on the parts of the brain stem

Back 1462

see packet

Front 1463

Complete the packet on the different sections of the brain stem from inferior to superior

Back 1463

see packet

Front 1464

Complete the packet on the different sections of the brain stem from inferior to superior

Back 1464

see packet

Front 1465

Complete the packet on the different sections of the brain stem from inferior to superior

Back 1465

see packet

Front 1466

Complete the packet from Chapter 1

Back 1466

see packet

Front 1467

Complete the packet from Chapter 1

Back 1467

see packet

Front 1468

Complete packet on the sections of the spinal cord

Back 1468

see packet

Front 1469

Complete the packet on the sections of the spinal cord

Back 1469

see packet

Front 1470

Complete the packet on the sections of the spinal cord

Back 1470

see packet

Front 1471

What is the red nucleus?

Back 1471

is involved in the regulation of flexors

Front 1472

NAME
this is involved in the regulation of the flexors

Back 1472

red nucleus

Front 1473

Any muscle that flexes recieves input from the (1)

Back 1473

red nucleus

Front 1474

What is the superior collicus?

Back 1474

is involved in vision

Front 1475

NAME
this is involved in vision

Back 1475

superior colliculus

Front 1476

What is the inferior collicus?

Back 1476

is involved in hearing

Front 1477

NAME
this is involved in hearing

Back 1477

inferior collicus

Front 1478

What is the differ btwn the inferior and superior collicus?

Back 1478

(1)superior colliculus= is involved in vision (2)inferior collicus=is involved in hearing

Front 1479

What is the substania nigra?

Back 1479

is involved in the initation of movement and has dompaine cells

Front 1480

NAME
this is involved in the initation of movement and has dompaine cells

Back 1480

substania nigra

Front 1481

Why do people who have Parkinson's disease have trouble starting movemnt?

Back 1481

bc thier substania nigra is damaged

Front 1482

NAME
people w this disease have trouble starting movements

Back 1482

substania nigra

Front 1483

Go to clinical Case 1
(1)what segment are you in?
(2)Where are you in the brain stem?
(3)What structures are injured?
(4)What can you expect to see?

Back 1483

(1)brain stem (2)medulla bc can see olives and pyramids and 4th ventricle (3)sites effected include CN 10 injured, ICP, and reticular formation(4)the person would have trouble w starting movement, may be unconsciousness, and be CN X is damaged can expect problems w breathing, digestion, the heart, and may see signs of the sympathetic system taking over such as anxiety

Front 1484

Go to clinical Case 1
(1)what segment are you in?
(2)Where are you in the brain stem?
(3)What structures are injured?
(4)What can you expect to see?

Back 1484

(1)brain stem (2)medulla bc can see olives and pyramids and 4th ventricle (3)sites effected include CN 10 injured, ICP, and reticular formation(4)the person would have trouble w starting movement, may be unconsciousness, and be CN X is damaged can expect problems w breathing, digestion, the heart, and may see signs of the sympathetic system taking over such as anxiety

Front 1485

Go to clinical Case 1
(1)what segment are you in?
(2)Where are you in the brain stem?
(3)What structures are injured?
(4)What can you expect to see?

Back 1485

(1)brain stem (2)medulla bc can see olives and pyramids and 4th ventricle (3)sites effected include CN 10 injured, ICP, and reticular formation(4)the person would have trouble w starting movement, may be unconsciousness, and be CN X is damaged can expect problems w breathing, digestion, the heart, and may see signs of the sympathetic system taking over such as anxiety

Front 1486

Go to Clinical Case 2#
(1)What part of the body are you looking at?
(2)Which structures are affected
(3)What can you expect to see?

Back 1486

(1)brain stem-miencephalon
(2)may see swelling of 3rd ventricle (only: hydrpocephallus in children) bc of increased production of CSF,pressure will build up and compress other areas and will see problems w CN III resulting problems eye movement and problems w the consensual and pupillary reflexes

Front 1487

Go to Clinical Case 2#
(1)What part of the body are you looking at?
(2)Which structures are affected
(3)What can you expect to see?

Back 1487

(1)brain stem-miencephalon
(2)may see swelling of 3rd ventricle (only: hydrpocephallus in children) bc of increased production of CSF,pressure will build up and compress other areas and will see problems w CN III resulting problems eye movement and problems w the consensual and pupillary reflexes

Front 1488

Go to Clinical Case 2#
(1)What part of the body are you looking at?
(2)Which structures are affected
(3)What can you expect to see?

Back 1488

(1)brain stem-miencephalon
(2)may see swelling of 3rd ventricle (only: hydrpocephallus in children) bc of increased production of CSF,pressure will build up and compress other areas and will see problems w CN III resulting problems eye movement and problems w the consensual and pupillary reflexes

Front 1489

Go to Clinical Case 3#
(1)What part of the body are you looking at?
(2)Which structures are affected
(3)What can you expect to see?

Back 1489

(1)brain stem-medulla
(2)CN 12 affected resulting in tongue deviation to the site of the lesion, pyramids affected-therefore have trouble w fine motor movements

Front 1490

Go to Clinical Case 3#
(1)What part of the body are you looking at?
(2)Which structures are affected
(3)What can you expect to see?

Back 1490

(1)brain stem-medulla
(2)CN 12 affected resulting in tongue deviation to the site of the lesion, pyramids affected-therefore have trouble w fine motor movements

Front 1491

Go to Clinical Case 3#
(1)What part of the body are you looking at?
(2)Which structures are affected
(3)What can you expect to see?

Back 1491

(1)brain stem-medulla
(2)CN 12 affected resulting in tongue deviation to the site of the lesion, pyramids affected-therefore have trouble w fine motor movements

Front 1492

Complete packet on the sections of the spinal cord

Back 1492

see notes

Front 1493

Complete packet on the sections of the spinal cord

Back 1493

see notes

Front 1494

Complete packet on the sections of the spinal cord

Back 1494

see notes

Front 1495

Compare the following terms
(1)nuclei (2)ganglion (3)nerve (4)tracts

Back 1495

(1)nuclei=cluster of cell bodies in CNS (2)ganglion=cluster of cell bodies in PNS (3)nerve=bundle of axons in PNS (4)tracts= bundle of axons in CNS

Front 1496

Compare the following terms
(1)nuclei (2)ganglion (3)nerve (4)tracts

Back 1496

(1)nuclei=cluster of cell bodies in CNS (2)ganglion=cluster of cell bodies in PNS (3)nerve=bundle of axons in PNS (4)tracts= bundle of axons in CNS

Front 1497

Compare the following terms
(1)nuclei (2)ganglion (3)nerve (4)tracts

Back 1497

(1)nuclei=cluster of cell bodies in CNS (2)ganglion=cluster of cell bodies in PNS (3)nerve=bundle of axons in PNS (4)tracts= bundle of axons in CNS

Front 1498

Draw a chart of the Ns

Back 1498

see notes

Front 1499

Describe some of the different kinds of glial cells? (5)

Back 1499

(1)astrocytes=maintain the BBB (2)mircogilla= phagocytic (eat debris)
(3)schwann cells= in PNS produce myelin
(4)oligodendrocytes= in CNS produce myelin
(5)ependymal=cover or line the inside of ventricles

Front 1500

Describe some of the different kinds of glial cells? (5)

Back 1500

(1)astrocytes=maintain the BBB (2)mircogilla= phagocytic (eat debris)
(3)schwann cells= in CNS produce myelin
(4)oligodendrocytes= in PNS produce myelin
(5)ependymal=cover or line the inside of ventricles

Front 1501

Describe some of the different kinds of glial cells? (5)

Back 1501

(1)astrocytes=maintain the BBB (2)mircogilla= phagocytic (eat debris)
(3)schwann cells= in PNS produce myelin
(4)oligodendrocytes= in CNS produce myelin
(5)ependymal=cover or line the inside of ventricles

Front 1502

What is a way to remember the differ tbwn oligodendrocytes and schwann cells?

Back 1502

S C O P
Sometimes people outwite cats


schwann cells= in PNS produce myelin
oligodendrocytes= in CNS produce myelin

Front 1503

What is a way to remember the differ tbwn oligodendrocytes and schwann cells?

Back 1503

S C O P
Sometimes cats outwit people


schwann cells= in CNS produce myelin
oligodendrocytes= in PNS produce myelin

Front 1504

What is a way to remember the differ tbwn oligodendrocytes and schwann cells?

Back 1504

S C O P
Sometimes people out wite cats


schwann cells= in PNS produce myelin
oligodendrocytes= in CNS produce myelin

Front 1505

What is a way to remember the differ tbwn oligodendrocytes and schwann cells?

Back 1505

S C O P
Sometimes cats outwit people


schwann cells= in CNS produce myelin
oligodendrocytes= in PNS produce myelin

Front 1506

Complete packet on CN

Back 1506

see packet

Front 1507

Complete packet on CN

Back 1507

see packet

Front 1508

Complete packet on CN

Back 1508

see packet

Front 1509

Compelte packet on CN

Back 1509

see packet

Front 1510

Draw a chart of the divisions of glial cells

Back 1510

see notes

Front 1511

Draw a chart of the divisions of glial cells

Back 1511

see notes

Front 1512

Draw a chart of the divisions of glial cells

Back 1512

see notes