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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phenobarbital
Indications: |
Long-term treatment of generalized tonic–clonic and cortical focal seizures Emergency control of certain acute convulsive episodes (status epilepticus, tetanus, eclampsia, meningitis) anticonvulsant treatment of generalized tonic–clonic seizures and focal seizures (parenteral)
sedative preanesthetic short-term treatment of insomnia |
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Phenobarbital
Actions: |
General CNS depressant inhibits impulse conduction in the ascending RAS
depresses the cerebral cortex alters cerebellar function depresses motor output produce excitation, sedation, hypnosis, anesthesia, and deep coma |
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Phenobarbital
Pharmacokinetics: Oral |
Route Onset Duration
Oral 30-60 min 10-16 h |
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Phenobarbital
Pharmacokinetics IV |
Route Onset Duration
IV 5 min 4-6 h |
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Phenobarbital
Pharmacokinetics IM |
Route Onset Duration
IM, Sub-Q 10-30 min 4-6 h |
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Phenobarbital
Adverse effects |
Somnolence
insomnia vertigo nightmares lethargy nervousness hallucinations insomnia anxiety dizziness bradycardia hypotension syncope nausea vomiting constipation diarrhea hypoventilation respiratory depression tissue necrosis at injection site withdrawal syndrome |
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Clonazepam (Klonopin) is used for
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the treatment of absence (petit mal) seizures and myoclonic seizures. Patients who do not respond to succinimides may respond to this drug
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Clonazepam
half-life |
18 to 50 hours
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Clonazepam
uses |
Seizures; panic attacks; restless leg syndrome; neuralgias; acute manic episodes
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Clonazepam
Contraindications and Cautions |
Pregnancy
Lactation Elderly use with caution coma depression psychoses |
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Clonazepam
Adverse Effects |
depression
confusion drowsiness lethargy fatigue constipation dry mouth anorexia cardiac arrhythmias changes in blood pressure urinary retention loss of libido |
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valproic acid (Depakene)
uses |
myoclonic seizures
second-choice drug for the treatment of absence seizures mania migraine headaches partial seizures |
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valproic acid (Depakene)
peak and half life |
peak levels in 1 to 4 hours
half-life of 6 to 16 hours. |
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Valproic acid
contraindications |
crosses the placenta and enters breast milk; it should not be used during pregnancy or lactation unless the benefit clearly outweighs the risk to the fetus or neonate
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zonisamide (Zonegran)
uses |
It is used as an adjunct to other drugs for the treatment of absence seizures
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zonisamide (Zonegran)
peak and half life |
peak levels in 2 to 6 hours
half-life of 63 hours |
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zonisamide (Zonegran)
contrindications |
Pregnancy/lactation
renal calculi development. |
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Primidone (Mysoline)
Uses |
is an alternative choice in the treatment of tonic–clonic or partial seizures. It tends to have a longer half-life than phenobarbital and is available only in an oral form. Primidone may be combined with other agents to treat seizures that cannot be controlled by any other antiepileptic
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Anticholinergics
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are drugs that oppose the effects of acetylcholine at receptor sites in the substantia nigra and the corpus striatum, thus helping restore chemical balance in the area
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Levodopa
Route Onset Peak Duration |
Route Onset Peak Duration
Oral Varies 0.5-2 h 5 |
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Levodopa
Adverse effects: |
Adventitious movements, ataxia, increased hand tremor, dizziness, numbness, weakness, agitation, anxiety, anorexia, nausea, dry mouth, dysphagia, urinary retention, flushing, cardiac irregularities
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Levodopa
Contraindications |
GI depression or obstruction; urinary hesitancy or obstruction;
cardiac arrhythmias or hypertension; glaucoma; respiratory disease; pregnancy or lactation; renal or hepatic dysfunction |
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Pyridostigmine
Indications: |
Treatment of myasthenia gravis, antidote for nondepolarizing neuromuscular junction blockers, increased survival in military personnel after exposure to nerve gas
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Pyridostigmine
Actions: |
Reversible cholinesterase inhibitor that increases the levels of acetylcholine, facilitating transmission at the neuromuscular junction
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Pyridostigmine
Pharmacokinetics: |
Route Onset Duration
Oral 35-45 min 3-6 h IM 15 min 3-6 h IV 5 min 3-6 h |
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Pyridostigmine
Adverse effects: |
Bradycardia, cardiac arrest, tearing, miosis, salivation, dysphagia, nausea, vomiting, increased bronchial secretions, urinary frequency, and incontinence
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Temodar
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Treatment of refractory astrocytoma or glioblastoma in patients refractory to other treatments
Actions: Prevents proliferation of tumor cells by affecting DNA and guanine-rich links Special considerations: Monitor bone marrow closely; especially toxic in women and elderly |
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Glatiramer acetate:
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Copaxone. Reduces the rate of relapse in the RR course. Dec the # of plaques and inc the time bet relapses.MS
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anticholinergics
list of ex |
atropine
dicyclomine flavoxate glycopyrrolate hyoscyamine ipratropium methscopolamine propantheline scopolamine trospium |
