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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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procaine
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-local anesthetic
-ester type |
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lidocaine
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-local anesthetic
-amide type |
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nitrous oxide
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-general anesthetic
-inhalational |
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isoflurane
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-general anesthetic
-inhalational |
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thiopental
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-general anesthetic
-parenteral- fast acting barbiturate general anesthetic, sed/hyp |
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propofol
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-general anesthetic
-parenteral |
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ketamine
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-general anesthetic
-parenteral |
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vecuronium
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-muscle relaxant
-non-depolarizing |
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atracurium
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-muscle relaxant
-non-depolarizing |
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succinylcholine
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-muscle relaxant
-depolarizing |
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neostigmine
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-myasthenia gravis
-reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor |
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edrophonium
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-myasthenia gravis
-reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor |
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morphine
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-opioid
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codeine
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-opioid
-prodrug |
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heroin
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-opioid
-prodrug |
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oxycodone
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-opioid
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naloxone
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-opioid
-pure antagonist; i.v. only, no oral bioavailability; short half-life |
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meperidine
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-opioid
-interaction with MAO inhibitors |
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diphenoxylate
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-opioid
-antidiarrheal |
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methadone
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-opioid
-long half-life |
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pentazocine
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-opioid
-kappa receptor selective agonist; mu receptor partial agonist |
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dextromethorphan
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-opioid
-anti-tussive |
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timolol
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-glaucoma
-nonselective beta antagonist |
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betaxolol
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-glaucoma
-beta 1 - selective antagonist |
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brimonidine
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-glaucoma
-alpha 2 - agonist |
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dipivefrin
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-glaucoma
-prodrug converted to epinephrine |
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dorzolamide
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-glaucoma
-carbonic anhydrase inhibitor |
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pilocarpine
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-glaucoma
-nonselective muscarinic agonist |
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latanoprost
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-glaucoma
-PGF2 alpha analog |
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L-DOPA
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-Parkinson's
-dopamine precursor On-off phenom Wears off 5 years SE= extrapyramidal symptoms pyridoxine(B6) counteracts efficacy |
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carbidopa
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-Parkinson's
-peripheral AAD inhibitor -increases L-Dopa potency -decreases peripheral side effects |
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bromocriptine
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-Parkinson's
-dopamine receptor agonist (D2) |
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pramipexole/ropinerole
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-Parkinson's
-dopamine receptor agonist (D2) -longer duration of action than bromocriptine -good late stage PD tx after L-dopa ineffective -Less on-off and less dyskinesia's than L-dopa |
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ropinirole
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-Parkinson's
-dopamine receptor agonist (D2) |
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entacapone
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-Parkinson's
-peripheral acting COMT inhibitor ALWAYS used in combo w/ L dopa SE: diarrhea |
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benzatropine
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-Parkinson's
-muscarinic receptor antagonist -anti parasympathetic side effects |
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selegiline
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-Parkinson's
-MAO-B inhibitor -contraindicated w meperidine or tricyclic antidepressants |
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chlorpromazine
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-antipsychotic
-typical, -highly sedative -high muscarinic block (SE) |
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haloperidol
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-antipsychotic
-typical; D2 antagonist; -high EPS symptoms -hyperprolatinemia -high potency |
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aripiprazole
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-antipsychotic
-atypical; partial D2 agonist, low sedation |
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clozapine
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-antipsychotic
-atypical; refractory schizophrenia -most efficacious - risk of agranulocytosis blood monitoring |
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risperidone
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-antipsychotic
-atypical; potent D2 blocker -EPS symptoms, tardive dyskinesia, hyperprolactinemia |
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olanzapine
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-antipsychotic
-atypical; widely used; -metabolic syndrome |
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quetiapine
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-antipsychotic
-atypical; H1 blocker; sedation; weight gain |
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ziprasidone
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-antipsychotic
-atypical; mild, prolongs QT interval |
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diazepam
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-sed/hyp/anxiolytic
-benzodiazepine - anxiolytic, pre-anesthetic - long acting -anti-convulsant |
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triazolam
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-sed/hyp/anxiolytic
-benzodiazepine -sedative-hypnotic, anxiolytic -short half life |
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alprazolam
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-sed/hyp/anxiolytic
-benzodiazepine -anxiolytic |
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lorazepam
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-sed/hyp/anxiolytic
-benzodiazepine -anxiolytic, epilepsy |
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flumazenil
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-sed/hyp/anxiolytic
-benzodiazepine antagonist |
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zolpidem
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-sed/hyp/anxiolytic
-unique structure; acts at benzodiazepine site |
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buspirone
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-sed/hyp/anxiolytic
-non-benzodiazepine type anxiolytic, - slow onset, - non-sedative |
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propranolol
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-sed/hyp/anxiolytic
-anxiolytic, fast acting, non-sedative |
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phenobarbital
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-sed/hyp/anxiolytic
-barbituate, anti-epileptic -GABA receptor activation long half life sedation at efficacious doses |
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diphenhydramine
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-sed/hyp
-antihistamines (H1 antagonist) |
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ethanol
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-drugs of abuse
-depressant |
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heroin
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-drugs of abuse
-opioid |
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nicotine
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-drugs of abuse
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methamphetamine
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-drugs of abuse
-sympathomimetic |
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cocaine
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-drugs of abuse
-sympathomimetic |
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caffeine
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-drugs of abuse
-sympathomimetic |
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marijuana (THC)
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-drugs of abuse
-cannabinoid |
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LSD
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-drugs of abuse
-psychedelic -decreases serotonin transmission |
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mescaline
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-drugs of abuse
-psychedelic -decreases serotonin transmission |
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phencyclidine (PCP)
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-drugs of abuse
-psychedelic |
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MDMA (ecstasy)
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-drugs of abuse
-designer drug |
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disulfiram
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-drugs of abuse
-aversive therapy for alcoholism |
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varenicline
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-drugs of abuse
-treatment of nicotine withdrawal -Nicotinic partial agonist |
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phenytoin
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-anticonvulsant
-sodium channel blocker -effective against partial and tonic-clonic/grand mal seizures -side effects: nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia gingival hyperplasia/hirsutism/teratogen low therapeutic index zero order kinetics |
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carbamazepine
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-anticonvulsant
-sodium channel blocker -drug of choice against partial and tonic-clonic/grand mal seizures -side effects: nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia aplastic anemia/agranulocytosis |
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lamotrigine
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-anticonvulsant
-blocks sodium and calcium channels and inhibits glutamate -used for ALL seizure types -skin rash |
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topiramate
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-anticonvulsant
-sodium channel blocker modulates GABA receptors and blocks glutamate receptors |
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valproic acid
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-tonic clonic and absence
-also used to treat bipolar disorder Decreases GABA turnover -used for all seizure types -hepatotoxicity -teratogen:spina bifida |
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gabapentin
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-anticonvulsant
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tiagabine
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-anticonvulsant
-inhibits GABA transporter GAT-1 |
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ethosuximide
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-anticonvulsant
-calcium channel blocker - JUST for petit mal seizure drug of choice for petit mal gastric distress |
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amitriptyline
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-antidepressant
-tricyclic -TCAs have risk of cardiac toxicity from slowing conduction -SE: dry mouth, blurry vision, constipation, sedation |
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nortriptyline
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-antidepressant
-tricyclic -least sedating of tricyclic drugs -TCAs have risk of cardiac toxicity from slowing conduction; this one can monitor in blood level -SE: dry mouth, blurry vision, constipation, sedation |
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venlafaxine
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-antidepressant
-heterocyclic -SNRI (acts on serotonin and NE) -SNRIs used for pain + depression/anxiety, must be tapered due to withdrawal -venlafaxine may increase BP in high doses |
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bupropion
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-antidepressant
-heterocyclic -a NE and dopamine reuptake inhibitor -also used for smoking cessation -increased seizure risk in high doses/pts with eating disorders -can worsen anxiety (stimulating) -no sexual side effects |
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fluoxetine
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-antidepressant
-SSRI -longest half-life SSRI -SE: N/V, headache, sexual -inhibit P450 enzymes -black box warning increased suicide risk -risk of serotonin syndrome with MAOI |
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paroxetine
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-antidepressant
-SSRI -SE: N/V, headache, sexual -inhibit P450 enzymes -black box warning increased suicide risk -risk of serotonin syndrome with MAOI |
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sertraline
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-antidepressant
-SSRI -black box warning increased suicide risk -risk of sexual side effects -risk of serotonin syndrome with MAOI |
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phenelzine
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-antidepressant
-MAO inhibitor -risk of hypertensive crisis with tyramine rich foods -risk of serotonin syndrome with SSRI |
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lithium
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-mood stabilizer
-bipolar disorder -narrow therapeutic range -must maintain adequate sodium to avoid toxicity -monitor levels during pregnancy, no breast feeding |
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Mirtazapine
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-alpha 2 antagonist
-in low doses has histaminic actions cause weight gain, sedation -used in frail patients w/ trouble sleeping or low appetite -no sexual side effects |
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Trazodone
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-Antidepressant used for insomnia
-SE: Priapism |
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3 Drugs that can trigger dystonia
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-metoclopramide (reglan)
-prochlorperazine (compazine) -promethazine (phenergan) |
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Thioridazine
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-Antipsychotic
-Typical -Low potency |
