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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Risperidone, Haloperidol, Clozapine, Olanzapine, Quetiapine
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Inhibition of dopamine D2
receptors |
HUNTINGTON'S, ANTIPSYCHOTIC
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Fluoxetine
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Serotonin uptake inhibitors
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HUNTINGTONS
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Tetrabenazine
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Inhibition of dopamine
uptake into vesicles (VMAT), results in the degradation of dopamine |
HUNTINGTONS
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Bromocriptine, Pergolide
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Dopamine D2 receptor
agonist & D1 partial agonist |
PARKINSONS
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Ropinirole,Pramipexole
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Dopamine D2 & D3
receptor agonist |
PARKINSONS
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Tolcapone,Entacapone
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Inhibitors of catechol-Omethyltransferase,
inhibits dopamine breakdown |
PARKINSONS
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Selegiline
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Inhibitor of monoamine
oxidase B isoenzyme, inhibits dopamine breakdown in striatum |
PARKINSONS
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Trihexyphenidyl, Benztropine mesylate
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Blocks cholinergic
muscarinic receptors |
PARKINSONS
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Carbamazepine, Phenytoin, Rufinamide
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Prolong fast inactivation
of voltage gated sodium channels |
ANTICONVULSANT
MOOD STABILIZER (Carbamazepine) |
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Lamotrigine
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Prolong fast inactivation
of voltage gated sodium channels in addition may block some glutamate release & calcium channels |
ANTICONVULSANT, MOOD STABILIZER
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Topiramate
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Prolong fast inactivation
of voltage gated sodium channels in addition activates hyperpolarizing K+ currents, increase activity at GABAA CLchannels, some inhibition of glutamate AMPA-kainate channels and carbonic anhydrase inhibitor |
ANTICONVULSANT
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Lacosamide
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Prolong slow
inactivation of voltage gated sodium channels |
ANTICONVULSANT
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Valproic acid,
Divalproex or Valproate |
Prolong fast inactivation
of voltage gated sodium channels, increase activity at GABAA CL channels, reduce T-type Ca+2 channel activity |
ANTICONVULSANT, MOOD STABILIZERS
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Zonisamide
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Prolong fast inactivation
of voltage gated sodium channels, increase activity at GABAA CLchannels, reduce T-type Ca+2 channel activity and carbonic anhydrase, inhibitor |
ANTICONVULSANT
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Clonazepam
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Potentiate GABA’s
ability to open the GABA CL- channel (increase channel opening frequency) |
ANTICONVULSANT
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Pentobarbital
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Potentiate GABA’s
ability to increase duration of GABA CL- channel openings, at high concentrations can open directly |
ANTICONVULSANT, GENERAL ANESTHETIC
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Vigabatrin
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Inhibits the breakdown
of GABA |
ANTICONVULSANT
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Tiagabine
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Blocking re-uptake of
GABA |
ANTICONVULSANT
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Ethosuximide, Zonisamide, Trimethadione
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Reducing current
through the T-type Ca+2 channels |
ANTICONVULSANT (absence seizures)
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Gabapentin
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Unknown mechanism
but thought to inhibit voltage-sensitive calcium channels |
ANTICONVULSANT
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Levetiracetam
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Binds to a protein
(SV2A) on vesicles and inhibits their release. Overall decrease in neurotransmitter release. |
ANTICONVULSANT
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Felbamate
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Blocks the “open state”
of the NMDA channels. |
ANTICONVULSANT
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Retigabine
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Neuronal potassium
channel (KCNQ/Kv7) opener. |
ANTICONVULSANT
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Carbidopa/Levodopa
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Levodopa is
decarboxylated to form dopamine in the CNS; Carbidopa is added to levodopa since it inhibits the breakdown by the GI tract. |
PARKINSONS
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Lidocaine
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Blockade of Voltage gated sodium channels (VGSC)
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LOCAL ANESTHETIC
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Morphine
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Acts at mu GPCR to cause opening of K+ channels and blocks VGCC
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PAIN OPIOD
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Codeine
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Acts at mu GPCR to cause opening of K+ channels and blocks VGCC (less potent then morph)
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PAIN OPIOD
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Fentanyl
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Acts at mu GPCR to cause opening of K+ channels and blocks VGCC---yet Mu agonist, 100 times more potent than morphine
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PAIN OPIOD
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Tubocurarine
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Skeletal muscle nicotinic channel antagonist
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NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKER
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Pancuronium
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Skeletal muscle nicotinic channel antagonist, long duration of action
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NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKER
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Succinylcholine
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Skeletal muscle nicotinic channel agonist
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NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKER
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Dantrolene
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Blocks calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum by blocking the ryanodine receptor.
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SPASMOLYTICS (Hyperthermia, ALS, MS)
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Baclofen
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GABAsubB agonist (GPCR inhibitory coupling)
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SPASMOLYTICS (ALS, MS)
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Botulinum Toxin
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Inhibits release of acetylcholine at the NMJ
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SPASMOLYTICS (ALS, MS)
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Aspirin
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Irreversible COX inhibition
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PAIN NSAID
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Ibuprofen, Naproxen
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Reversible COX inhibition
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PAIN NSAID
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Celecoxib
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Irreversible COX2 inhibition
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PAIN NSAID
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Dexamethasone, Prednisone
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Increase levels of lipocortin that inhibits phospholipase A2, decreasing inflammatory mediators
(oral admin) |
PAIN STERIODS
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Sumatriptan
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5HT1B and 5HT1D agonists
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TRIPTANS (migraines)
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Latanoprost
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Prostaglandin FP receptor agonist (Increases uveoscleral (pressure-independent) outflow)
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OCULAR PHARM (increase outflow)
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Riluzole
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Inhibits glutamate release, Antagonist at NMDA and Kainate- type glutamate receptors, Antagonist at voltage-dependent sodium channels;
Diminish neuroexcitotoxicity |
ALS
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Neostigmine
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Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors (reversible AChE inhibitors) Tend to not cross the BBB
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MYASTHENIA GRAVIS, OCULAR HYPERTENSION (increase outflow)
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Chlordiazepoxide, Diazepam
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Potentiate GABAs ability to open the GABAA chloride channel (increase channel opening frequency
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ANXIOLYTIC LONG BENZO
SPASMOLYTIC (Diazepam) |
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Midazolam,Triazolam,Lorazepam
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Potentiate GABAs ability to open the GABAA chloride channel (increase channel opening frequency)
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ANXIOLYTIC SHORT BENZO
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Eszopiclone, Zolpidem, Zaleplon
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Potentiate GABAs ability to open the GABAA chloride channel (increase channel opening frequency)
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ANXIOLYTIC NONBENZO SED-HYPNO
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Buspirone
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5-HT1A receptor partial agonist
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ANXIOLYTIC NONBENZO SED-HYPNO
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Thiopental, Phenobarbital
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Increase duration of GABAA chloride channel openings, at high concentrations can open directly
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ANXIOLYTIC BARB
GENERAL ANESTHETIC (Induction--Thiopental) |
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Clonidine
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Agonist at NE autoreceptors (alpha2), Inhibits the release of more NE
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PTSD, OCULAR HYPERTENSION (inhibit aq humor)
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Propranolol
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Antagonists at beta adrenergic receptors, blocks NE activity at beta receptors
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PTSD, OCULAR HYPERTENSION (inhibit aq humor)
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Atomoxetine
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Inhibits the reuptake of NE
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ADHD
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Methylphenidate
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Inhibits the reuptake of dopamine and NE
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ADHD
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Amitriptyline, Imipramine, Nortriptyline
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Norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibitors; (Nortrip 2nd gen)
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DEPRESSION TCA
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Bupropion
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Norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibitors----also inhibits some dopamine reuptake
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DEPRESSION TCA (2nd gen)
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Nefazodone
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Mainly inhibits 5-HT2 receptors but also inhibit uptake of NE, 5-HT, & DA
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DEPRESSION TCA (further gen)
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Venlafaxine, Duloxetine
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Selectively inhibits NE & 5-HT uptake
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DEPRESSION SSNRI
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Citalopram,Paroxetine, Sertraline, Escitalopram
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Serotonin uptake inhibitors
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DEPRESSION SSRI, OCD, TOURETTE'S
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Phenelzine
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Inhibit the breakdown of norepinephrine, serotonin &dopamine
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DEPRESSION MAOI
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Lithium
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Inhibits neuronal PI turnover inhibiting second messenger activity
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MOOD STABILIZER
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Fluphenazine, Haloperiodol
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Antagonist at dopamine D2, D4, D1, adrenergic α1, serotonin 5-HT2, histamine H1, muscarinic receptors
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ANTIPSYCHOTIC (typical)
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Aripiprazole
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Partial agonist at dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT1a
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ANTIPSYCHOTIC (atypical)
along with Risperidone, Olanzepine, Clozapine, Quetiapine |
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Donepezil
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Inhibits the breakdown of acetylcholine, hence more Ach remains in the synapse
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ALZHEIMERS AChE
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Memantine
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Blocks the “open-state” of NMDA glutamate channels causing a decrease in the influx of calcium
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ALZHEIMERS NMDA antagonist
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Modafinil
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Increase the release of norepinephrine, dopamine and histamine by possibly increasing orexin (hypocretin) neuron activity
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NARCOLEPSY/SLEEP APNEA
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Desflurane, Sevoflurane, Isoflurane, Enflurane, Halothane (not used)
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Enhance GABA at the GABAA chloride channel & may enhance glycine at glycine channels. Some potassium channel agonist activity.
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GENERAL ANESTHETIC-- HALOGENATED VOLATILE GAS (Sustained)
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Nitrous Oxide, Xenon
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Inhibit glutamate gated NMDA ion channels, Some potassium channel agonist activity.
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GENERAL ANESTHETIC (Sustained)
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Etomidate, Propofol
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Enhance GABA at the GABAA chloride channel & may enhance glycine at glycine channels.
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GENERAL ANESTHETIC IV (Induction)
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Ketamine
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Inhibit glutamate gated NMDA ion channels
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GENERAL ANESTHETIC IV (Induction)
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Alphaxolone
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???
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GENRAL ANESTHETIC NEUROSTERIOD
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