Neuro Disorders Lab

Front 1

hypotonicity

Back 1

- decreased deep tendon reflexes, excessive range of motion (ROM), and difficulty moving against gravity

Front 2

ataxia

Back 2

lack of coordination that is most obvious when upright and walking. Gait is wide-based and the feet flop down. The individual staggers and leans, veers or falls towards the side of the
lesion.

Front 3

dysdiadochokinesis

Back 3

decreased ability to perform rapid alternating movements such as rapid forearm rotation. The test for assessing dysdiadochokinesis, test for rapidly alternating
movement evaluation, involves asking the patient to place their hands on their thighs and then
rapidly turn their hands alternating pronation and supination for 10 seconds. Normally this is
possible without difficulty. This is considered a rapidly alternating movement (Russell & Triola,
n.d.).

Front 4

decomposition of movement

Back 4

movements are not one smooth, continuous motion, but are broken down into parts so that the individual, in puppet-like fashion, moves then stops, does the
next part of the movement and then stops.

Front 5

asthenia -

Back 5

generalized weakness where the individual complains of (c/o) heaviness of the limbs and extreme effort needed to do simple tasks. With arms extended and the eyes closed, the affected limbs(s) drift downward.

Front 6

intention tremor

Back 6

tremor that occurs when the individual goes to do something. The tremor is not present when the limb is at rest. The tremor is most noticeable at the end of the movement (terminal tremor).

Front 7

speech dysarthria -

Back 7

incoordination of the muscles for speaking results in scanning speech characterized by slurred and explosive speech, such that the words are produced slowly and
staccato-like with pauses in the wrong places.

Front 8

rebound phenomenon

Back 8

the inability to stop a movement once it is started. For example, when the examiner gives resistance to elbow flexion and then releases it, the individual is unable to stop the movement and slams the hand in towards the chest.

Front 9

striatum

Back 9

caudate + putamen

affected in huntington's disease

Front 10

neurotransmitter implicated in huntingtons

Back 10

gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)

Front 11

4 cardinal symptoms of Parkinson's Disease

Back 11

tremor, rigidity, akinesia (bradykinesia and hypokinesia), postural changes

Front 12

part of the brain and neurotransmitter implicated parkinson's disease

Back 12

pathway from substantia nigra to the striatum and dopaminergic neurons; dopamine

Front 13

Sydenham's Chorea

Back 13

neurological disorder of childhood resulting from infection and is characterized by rapid, irregular, and aimless involuntary movements of the arms and legs,
trunk, and facial muscles.

Front 14

Cause of Sydenham's Chorea

Back 14

results from an infection via Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS), the bacterium that causes rheumatic fever. The brain undergoes an auto-immune reaction to the bacterium that interferes with the normal function of the basal ganglia controlling motor
movements.

Front 15

progressive supranuclear palsy

Back 15

include losing one’s balance and falling backward, difficulty aiming one’s eyes, stiffness, awkward movements, problems with speech and swallowing, dizziness, loss of interest in pleasurable activities, depression, anxiety, laughing or crying for no reason, and forgetfulness.
These signs and symptoms tend to become progressively worse as the disease advances.

Front 16

cause of progressive supranuclear palsy

Back 16

cause is not known but there are abnormal quantities of a protein called tau

Front 17

Progressive Muscular Atrophy (PMA)

Back 17

progressive neurological disease in which the lower
motor neurons deteriorate. If the upper motor neurons are unaffected within two years, the
disease usually remains a pure lower motor neuron disease.

Front 18

Classical ALS - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Back 18

progressive neurological disease characterized by a deterioration of upper and lower motor neurons. This type of ALS affects more than 2/3 of those with the disease.

Front 19

Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS)

Back 19

progressive neurological disease in which the upper nerve
cells deteriorate. If the lower nerve cells are not affected within two years, the disease usually
remains a pure upper motor neuron disease. This is the rarest form of ALS.

Front 20

Progressive Bulbar Palsy (PBP) -

Back 20

a condition that starts with difficulties in speaking, chewing
and swallowing due to lower motor neuron deterioration affecting ~25% of ALS patients.

Front 21

Familial ALS

Back 21

a progressive neurological disease that affects more than one member of the same
family. This type of ALS accounts for a very small number of people with ALS in the United States

Front 22

Cause of ALS

Back 22

the lateral region on the person’s spinal cord
where the nerve cells that are affected are located. As this area degenerates it leads to scarring or hardening “sclerosis.” This progressive neurodegenerative disease affects the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord and is caused by the degeneration of the upper and
lower motor neurons from a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors.

Front 23

dysmetria

Back 23

over or under estimation that the limbs need to move in order to contact an object. past pointing errors