Neuro Diencephalon Basics Ssom Keifer

Front 1

Diencephalon
(def)

Back 1

complex structure interposed b/w the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres

Front 2

Cerebrum
(components)

Back 2

diencephalon
telencephalon

Front 3

Diencephalon is divided into two symmetrical parts by _

Back 3

IIIrd ventricle

Front 4

Diencephalon
4 major parts

Back 4

Epithalamus
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Subthalamus

Front 5

Epithalamus
(3 parts

Back 5

Pineal body
Habenular nuclei
Stria medullaris

Front 6

Pineal body
(part of, aka, shape)

Back 6

Epithalamus
epiphysis
pine cone shape
secretes substances into CSF
highly vascular
attached to roof of IIIrd ventricle
sensitive to light
circadian rhythms

Front 7

Habenular nuclei
(part of, input from)

Back 7

epithalamus
limbic system

Front 8

Stria Medullaris
(part of)

Back 8

epithalamus

Front 9

Largest component of Diencephalon

Back 9

Thalamus

Front 10

Thalamus

Back 10

"gateway to cerebral cortex"

Front 11

Hypothalamus
(includes)

Back 11

mammillary bodies

Front 12

Subthalamus
(parts)

Back 12

internal capsule
subthalamic nucleus
thalamic reticular nucleus

Front 13

MGN and LGN

Back 13

part of Diencephalon
comprise metathalamus

Front 14

Basic functions of Diencephalon
Epithalamus

Back 14

autonomic and behavioral responses to emotional changes

Front 15

Basic functions of Diencephalon
Thalamus

Back 15

receives sensory and motor input and relays to cerebral cortex

Front 16

Basic functions of Diencephalon
Hypothalamus

Back 16

controls ANS and several endocrine glands
responds to changes in circulating blood -integrated with pituitary
neurosecretory cells
major role in emotional responses
hunger, thirst, homeostasis

Front 17

Basic functions of Diencephalon
Subthalamus

Back 17

includes subthalamic nucleus which serves motor function

Front 18

Corpus Striatum
(location, components)

Back 18

large nuclear masses located lateral to diencephalon
caudate nucleus
lentiform nucleus (putamen, globus pallidus)

Front 19

neostriatum

Back 19

putamen + caudate

Front 20

paleostriatum

Back 20

globus pallidus

Front 21

archistriatum

Back 21

amygdaloid complex

Front 22

Basal ganglia
(components, role)

Back 22

corpus striatum, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, amygdala
control of voluntary mvment - internal generation of mvment and automatic execution of motor plans

Front 23

hypokinetic disorders

Back 23

signif impairment in movement initiation (akinesia) and reduction in mvmnt amplitude and velocity (bradykinesia)

Front 24

Dysfunction of basal ganglia

Back 24

spectrum of mvment abnormalities

Front 25

hyperkinetic disorders

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excessive involuntary mvments called dyskinesias

Front 26

Internal Capsule
(consists of, location, fan out to become)

Back 26

ascend and descend fibers that connect thalamus, cortex, bs, sc
concentrated in narrow band b/w thalamus and lentiform nucleus
corona radiata
thus, composed of all asc and desc pathways that connect cerebral cortex with rest of brain

Front 27

Internal capsule
(2 basic kinds of pw)

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thalamocortical fibers (corticopetal)
corticofugal fibers

Front 28

thalamocortical fibers

Back 28

asc fibers from thalamus to cortex

Front 29

corticofugal fibers

Back 29

desc fibers from cortex to thalamus, bs, and sc
include corticospinal and corticonuclear tracts

Front 30

IC
3 major parts in horizontal section

Back 30

V-shaped
anterior limb
genu
posterior limb

Front 31

IC
Anterior Limb
(location, 2 components)

Back 31

lies b/w lentiform nucleus and caudate
2 components:
desc corticofugal fibers
anterior thalamic radiation - asc and desc fibers interconnecting the anterior (VA) and medial (MD) thalamus with prefrontal cortex

Front 32

IC
The Genus
(contains)

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corticonuclear (corticobulbar) fibers

Front 33

IC
Posterior Limb
(location, contains)

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lies b/w lentiform nucleus and thalamus
contains corticopontine and corticospinal fibers
Retrolenticular fibers
Sublenticular fibers

Front 34

Retrolenticular fibers
(emerge from, form _ radiation that _)

Back 34

emerge from IC and form
optic radiation which
connects LGN with visual cortex

Front 35

Sublenticular fibers
(emerge from, form _ radiation which _)

Back 35

emerge from IC and form
auditory radiation which connects the MGN with the auditory cortex

Front 36

IC
arterial supply
(all)

Back 36

lateral striate branches of middle cerebral artery to both anterior and posterior limbs
internal carotid artery to genu
anterior choroidal artery to ventrolateral portion of posterior limb, and the entire retrolenticular (or posterior) part of posterior limb

Front 37

IC
arterial supply
genu

Back 37

internal carotid artery

Front 38

IC
arterial supply
both anterior and posterior limbs

Back 38

lateral striate branches of MCA

Front 39

IC
arterial supply
ventrolat portion of post limb, and entire retrolenticular part of posterior limb

Back 39

anterior choroidal artery

Front 40

Effects of IC Infarction

Back 40

small lesion = same as large lesion to cerebral cortex
both motor and sensory deficits may result
Infarct of post limb has serious deficits: UMN signs (corticospinals), hemiparesis/plegia on contra side
some lesions may cause loss of general sense (thalamocortical fibers)
auditory or visual deficits may occur (anterior choroidal artery)

Front 41

Effects of IC infarct
(unique combo)

Back 41

UMN
visual
auditory