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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Single fastest growing population
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over 85
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percent of people with dementia over teh age of 65
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10%
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3 D's of cognitive impairment
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Dementia
Delirium Depression |
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Temporary confusion brought on my inappropriate medical problems or illness
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delirium
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symptoms of delirium
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abrupt onset, fluctuating symptoms, short duration, variability
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Med not to give old people
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Darvocet
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GAP cut delerium by
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2/3
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loss of multiple intellectual functions in the awake state
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dementia
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a demented brain is
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atrophic
reduction of cortical volume and dialation of ventricles and slci |
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Factors that prevent dementia
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no depression
5 friends walk 30mins/day |
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Factors that increase risk for dementia
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obesity (increased insulin resistance)
metabolic syndrome |
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APOE
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along with diabetes and hyperlipidemia related to dementia
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the 5 dementia causing illnesses
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AD
Vascular dementia DLBD frontotemporal alcohol |
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characterized by short term recall problems
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alzheimers
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significantly atrophied in AD
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hippocampus
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seen in mild cognitive impairment
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neurofibrillary tangles in layer 2
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cause of apraxias in AD pts
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parietal lobe damage
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amyloid is involved in
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AD
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tau is involved in
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frontotemporal dementia
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synuclein
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CLBD and parkinsons disease
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surround amyloid
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microglial cells
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amyloid plus microglial cells is called
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senile plaque
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why microglial cells in AD are bad
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provoke inflammatory response
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Diagnose AD by
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counts of senile plaques
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stains amyloid
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immunoperoxidase
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tau is abnormal when
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it is hyper phosphorylated
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make up neurofibrillary tangles
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tau
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location and description of feurofibrillary tangles
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flame shaped inside brain cells (senile plaques are outside)
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Granulovacuolar degeneration
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composed of tubulin
can have this and not be demented |
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eosinophilic cigar shaped cytoplasmic inclusion sometimes associated with AD
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Hirano body
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pathological hallmark of parkinsons
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lewy body with synuclein in it (halo)
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begins with a bit of memory trouble and visual hallucinations
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cortical lewy body disease
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makes NE
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locus cereulus
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produce serotonin
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dorsal raphe
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can injure reticular activation system
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Parkinsions
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Diseases that accelerate cognitive loss
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diabetes
severe heart disease hypertension |
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vascular causes of dementia
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atherosclerosis
atril fib low ejection fraction hypotension heart disease hypertension |
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hypertension is especially bad for
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white matter since vessels take 90 degree turns
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fronto-temporal lobar degeneration is a
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tauopathy
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Pick body is seen
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in individua neurons as silverstained inclusion - contains hyper phosphorylated Tau
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Focal neurologic deficits of alcholic dementia
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none
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Neuropathology of Wernickes
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punctate hemmorrhage in ventriclar zones
3 CN findings mamillary bodies necrotic, hemmorrhagic |
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Triad of normal pressure hydrocephalus
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instability of gait, urinary incontinence, and dementia
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Episodic memory
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autobiography
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Semantic memory
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what a tiger or teacup is
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Working memory
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true short term memory
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object/face recognition
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temporal lobe
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localization of things in space
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parietal lobe
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executive fxning
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ability to formulate a plan and follow through
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Praxis
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knowledge of skilled movements
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AD tends to start where
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entorhinal cortex (region of mesial temporal lobe)
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mild cognitive impairment aka
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amnestic prodrome
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Diagnosis of vascular dementia
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hachinski ischemic score
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difference between vasc dementia and AD
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vasc dementia has a greater chance of depression
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Major criteria of Lewy body dementia
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Dementia
Fluctuation in alertness/cog Parkinsonism Visual Hallucinations |
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MMSE scores tend to fluctuate
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Lewy body dementia
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Capgras syndrome
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invasion of body snatchers
Lewy body dementia |
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Progressive non-fluent aphasia vs.Semantic dementia
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pnfa- not fluent
semantic dementia- lose the meaning of words |
