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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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• Longitudinal fissure
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separates the hemispheres
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where is the temporal lobe?
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inferior/ventral to frontal and parietal
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Central Sulcus
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separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe
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Lateral Sulcus (Sylvian Fissure)
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– separates the temporal lobe from the both the frontal and parietal
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Parieto-Occipial Sulcus
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along an imaginary line that separates the parietal lobe from the Occiptial lobe
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Dorsolateral view?
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outside surface of the brain
sulcus and gyri are visible |
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Medial (Midsagittal)
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mid section - corpus callosum cingulate gyrate
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Inferior view
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flip the brain upside down -
can see the Gyrus Rectus – gap between hemispheres olefactory |
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Gyrus Rectus is what on what view?
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– gap between hemispheres
-inferior |
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Primary motor cortex
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initiates and controls voluntary and precise skilled skeletal muscle movements contralaterally (right controls left, and vice versa).
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association cortex
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Areas that refine, interpret and elaborate the information that we receive from the primary cortex
Diffuse and overlapping |
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Primary somato/sensory cortex
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– somatic sensation of the skin, muscles, joints and tendons on the contralateral side
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Primary cortexes (5)
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motor, sensory, auditory, olefactory, vision
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Primary auditory-
AKA? |
(AKA Heschels gyrus) – temporal lobe, receives input from both ears.
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Primary visual cortex receives
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– each receives ½ visual input from each eye
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Primary olfactory
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on the posterior inferior frontal lobes, responsible for smell
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Damage to this area results in issues with discrimination, recognition and comprehension
i.e. Agnosia – cannot integrate and assign meeting (Hear the car horn, but cannot recognize what it is or Tactile – can’t identify a car key in hand while eyes closed) |
association cortex
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shapes behavioral reactions to sensory input through analysis, reaction and remembrance of stimuli, situations, reactions and results
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limbic system
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Limbic system
location? how defined- function or location? connects to the? influences? b/e/h |
Medial surface of two hemispheres
• Old or primitive brain • Defined by function not structure • Connections to the hypothalamus • Behavioral reactions to sensory input • emotions •Influenced by hormonal and hypthalamic reactions |
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Limbic system Structures
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• Cingulate gyrus (deals with receptive and expressive language, reading and writing – Global Aphasia)
• Amygdala - sends and receives information from/to the Parahippocampus, olefactory, thalamus, prefrontal cortex, etc. |
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Artificial stimulation can elicit extreme fear, rage and aggression
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limbic system
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Thalamus function and location?
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relay station
located on the located on the floor of the lateral ventricle -Can be seen in the sagittal or coronal section views |
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Thalamus regulates all sensory pathways except
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all sensory pathways except the olefactory
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Thalamic Nuclei
• Important for Communication Important for Communication – Lateral Geniculate Body |
• Vision (e.g., reading, writing)
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– Pulvinar (largest)
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• Parietal functions (reading, writing, language association cortex)
• Language functions (formulation, processing, etc.) |
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Thalamus Nuclei related to speech
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-- pulvinar
– Ventrolateral Nucleus -– Ventral Anterior Nucleus -Medial Geniculate Body -Lateral Geniculate Body |
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– Ventrolateral Nucleus
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• Cerebellar/basal ganglia –> motor cortex relay
• Motor coordination |
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– Ventral Anterior Nucleus
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• relays info between the Basal ganglia –> Premotor cortex relay
• Initiates voluntary movement |
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– Medial Geniculate Body
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• Audition
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Brain stem function and divisions
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Medulla Oblongata
Dorsal Ventral |
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– Pyramids (pyramidial motor tracts – 95% cross at this point)
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Ventral (motor) structure in the brain stem
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how is the cerebellum connected to the brain stem?
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Joined to brainstem via nerve fiber bundles (3 cerebellar peduncles: superior, inferior and middle)
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cerebellum distinctions
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• Receives from (afferent connections)
• Sends to (efferent connections) • Muscle tone/coordination • Range of movement (basal ganglia) • Strength of movement (basal ganglia) • Equilibrium (vestibular) |
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cerebellum has _ hemispheres with _ lobes
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– 2 hemispheres with 3 lobes:
• Anterior • Posterior • Flocculonodular |
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internal capsule
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Links diencephalon and cerebrum
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Review figures 2-5, 2-7, 2-11 in your text.
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Do it now!
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