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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Glial cells
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support and protect nerve cells, glue cells, regulate fluids, remove foreign substances, outnumber neurons about 40 to 1, do not participate in generation and transmission of nerve impulses.
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TYPES of Glial Cells (4)
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Astrocytes
Oligodendroglia Ependymal Microglia |
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Ependymal
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– lie in ventricles in spinal cord and the coriplexus
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Oligodendroglia
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form and maintain the myelin sheath (myelin is an insulator along the axons of neural cells and helps with efficient transmission of nerve impulses - CNS)
• IN PNS, myelin is produced by Scwann cells |
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Microglia
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scavengers – show up as a immune response and clean up
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Schwann cells
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PNS, myelin is produced
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Neurons
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basic functional unit of the central nervous system
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Soma –
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Body of a neuron
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-Terminal boutons in a neuron–
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neurotransmitters packaged and sent across the synaptic cleft to the dendrite of another cell
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Axon –
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sends transmission AWAY, efferent
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Nodes of Ranvier
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Neuronal impulse travels down these part of the axon
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Dendrite –
afferent or efferent? what are type of cells? |
Extensions, afferent – receptive cells, may have myelin
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CNS parts?
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Brain and Spinal Cord
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PNS parts?
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everything but the brain and spinal cord
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Brain – AKA -
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encephalon
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Ventricles
How many? what is produced there? |
– 2 lateral, third and fourth make up the ventricle system, hollow tunnels within the brain, choroid plexus– CSF is produced here.
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Travel system of CSF?
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subarachnoid space
two lateral ventricles to the interventricular foramen to the third ventricle and to the through the cerebral aqueduct 4th back to subarchnoid space |
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Regulates efferent (motor) system
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-Basal Ganglia
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Cerebrum (Hemispheres & Cortex) responsible for
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Higher level functions; Sensorimotor integration, Perception
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Diencephalon
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(Thalamus/Hyperthalamus)
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Cerebellum 2 things responsible for:
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_ Coordination
_ Equilibrium |
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Midbrain
cranial nerves? |
Part of CNS, Cranial Nerve 3 and 4 come off the midbrain
- 1 and 2 do not come off the brain stem |
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Pons
cranial nerves? |
part of CNS, cranial nerve 5, 6, and 7 come off the PONS
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Spinal Cord links...
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_ Links CNS with PNS
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Medulla
cranial nerves? |
(right and left cross) AND
cranial nerve 8-12, come off the medulla |
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Brodmann’s Area
_ 22 _ 44? |
22= Wernicke’s area
44 = Broca’s area |
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Frontal Lobe responsible for?
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Organization
Feedback Self Regulation Broca’s Area (expressive language) Executive Functioning Attention Primary and PreMotor Cortex TBI can cause issues here |
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Parietal
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Sensory integration
Body awareness Primary Sensory Cortex Damage can cause agnosia (ability to recognize input, but cannot assign meaning) |
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Lobe for vision
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Occipital
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Temporal Lobe responsible for?
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Perception and processing of auditory information and pitch discrimination
Damage: Right side (non-verbal, music) Left (speech issues) |
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- Insula – AKA and role
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role in pain and visceral sensory input
opercula |
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Projection Fibers
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from CNS to muscles and glands, long
sensory and proprioceptors |
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_- Vestibularspinal responsible for
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– quick response to sudden movement/efferent
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Corticobulbar tract controls movement of the
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(cortex to head and neck)
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_ Corticospinal tract controls
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( voluntary movement of limbs and trunk)
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Association Fibers
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– connects within the same hemisphere
_ Intrahemispheric – connect from Wernicke’s to Broca’s arcuate fasciulus |
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Commissural Fibers
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_ Interhemispheric – Corpus Callsum – connection between 2 hemispheres
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• Spinal nerves
How many? Sensory or motor? |
31 pairs
both |
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spinal nerves dorsal?
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Dorsal Root - sensory
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spinal nerves ventral?
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motor
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spinal nerves Central Canal holds?
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CSF
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