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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 types of receptors: older system
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Interoceptors: monitor events within the body
Proprioceptors: changes in body position Exteroceptors: reception of external stimuli |
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Receptive fields
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Peripheral areas around a receptor where stimulus can be enough to trigger a response
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Slowly adapting receptors: use?
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Static position, stretch
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Rapidly adapting receptors: use?
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Quick adjustments and modulations in changing sensory input -- Pacinian corpuscles
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3 general parts of a receptor
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Receptive area
Area of mitochondria nearby Synaptic area |
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Transduce
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Change of mechanical to electrical stimulation, for example
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Do short-length/small receptors conduct action potentials?
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No, not typically. The receptor potential is enough to transduce the signal. In longer axons, an action potential must be created.
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Generator potentials. Who operates ths way?
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Just that. A receptor potential that changes/creates an action potential. All somatosensory receptors
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All of the somatosensory receptors have this physical form
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Pseudounipolar (Think the DRG cell body)
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Type of capsule, adaptation, modality of Pacinian corpuscle
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Layered, rapid, vibration
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Type of capsule, adaptation, modality of Meissner corpuscle
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Layered, rapid, touch
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Type of capsule, adaptation, modality of Ruffini ending
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Thin, slow, pressure
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Type of capsule, adaptation, modality of hair receptors
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None, rapid, touch
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Type of capsule, adaptation, modality of Merkel endings
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None, slow, touch
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Do pain and temperature receptors have a receptor type or capsule?
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No and no, they are typically free nerve endings
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Merkel cells: what are they?
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Lurk at the basal epidermis of hair follicles and slowly transduce mechanical signals, not much else about them is known
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Meissner's corpuscles: what are they?
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Rapid response to touch, lie underneath the epidermis of hairless skin, contain a stack of Schwann cells for adaptation, interwoven with myelinated fibers
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Where are the largest concentration of Meissner and Merkel?
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Fingertips
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Pacinian corpuscles: what are they?
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Rapid adaptation to vibration, onion in cross section, located all over the body. Do not respond to pressure as the layers will not deform MORE with sustained touch.
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Ruffini ending: what does it do?
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Pressure sense, a long thin "cigar" capsule connected to collagen. Slow adaptation.
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Three important types of nociceptor receptive stimuli. What is the nociceptor called that can detect all 3?
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Intense mechanical stimuli (pinching/cutting), noxious temps, endogenous chemicals. Polymodal.
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What kind of fibers carry fast pain?
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Alpha-delts: first pain
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What kind of fibers carry slow pain?
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Unmyelinated
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What kind of pain fibers do local anaesthetics block?
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Unmyelinated, therefore the conductance of slow pain is inhibited (while fast pain sucks even more)
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Hyperalgesia
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When an uncomfortable stimulus becomes very painful
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Allodynia
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When a completely normal stimulus becomes painful
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TRPV1
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Recognizes high temperatures
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TRPV3
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Recognizes normal temps
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TRPM8
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Recognizes cooling temps
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TRPA1
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Recognizes pain
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Alpha-delt fibers
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Sharp pain conductors, myelinated
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C fibers
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Dull, aching pain conductors and a lot of mechanoceptors, not myelinated
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Small fibers in the DRG
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probably thinly myelinated pain fibers
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Large fibers in the DRG
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Myelinated, type C
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2 muscular encapsulated receptors
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Golgi tendon organs, muscle spindles
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Purpose of muscle spindles
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To detect muscle length
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