Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Which animals sleep more, small or larger ones? Why?
|
Small because of their higher matabolic rate.
|
|
|
In the absence of cues, humans have a free-running period of how hours?
|
25
|
|
|
How long are Circadian rhythms?
|
24 hours
|
|
|
What rhythms are recurrent periods or cycles repeated throughout a 24-hour circadian day?
|
ultradian
|
|
|
In mammals, light information goes from the eye to the SCN via what pathway?
|
Retinohypothalamic pathway.
|
|
|
Do SCN lesions abolish infradian or ultradian rhythms in mammals?
|
No.
|
|
|
What kind of sleep has four stages, characterized by slow-wave EEG activity?
|
Slow-wave sleep (SWS)
|
|
|
How long does a sleep cycle last?
|
90-110 min
|
|
|
What sleep stages are more common early in the night?
|
Stage 3 and 4 SWS
|
|
|
What sleep stages are more common late in the night?
|
REM
|
|
|
Vivid dreams occur in what sleep stage?
|
REM
|
|
|
In what kind of organism do only one brain hemisphere enters SWS at a time while the other remains awake?
|
Dolphins and birds
|
|
|
Which neural system displays SWS?
|
Forebrain system
|
|
|
Which neural system activates the forebrain?
|
Brainstem system
|
|
|
Which neural system triggers REM sleep and paralyzes body?
|
Pontine system
|
|
|
Which neural system affects the forebrain, brainstem, and pontine system?
|
hypothalamic system
|
|
|
What is a sudden loss of muscle tone, leading to collapse?
|
Cataplexy
|
|
|
What normally prevents the transition from wakefulness directly into REM sleep?
|
Hypocretin
|
|
|
What disorder causes someone to go directly into REM sleep?
|
Narcolepsy
|
|
|
Narcoleptic dogs have a mutant gene for what receptor?
|
hypocretin
|
|
|
Night terrors and sleep enuresis (bed-wetting) are associated with what stage of sleep?
|
SWS
|
|
|
What is another term for sleepwalking?
|
Somnambulism
|
|
|
Somnambulism occurs during what stages of sleep?
|
3 and 4
|
|
|
What disorder causes someone to stop breathing during sleep?
|
Sleep apnea
|
|
|
What is sleep apnea resulting from immature respiratory pacemaker systems or arousal mechanisms.
|
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
|
|
|
Most sleeping pills bind to what receptors throughout the brain?
|
GABA
|
