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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The internal carotid a. has 2 major terminal branches what are they?
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anterior and middle cerebral aa.
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What are the 3 arteries that supply the cerebral cortex?
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Anterior cerebral
Middle cerebral posterior cerebral |
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The middle and anterior cerebral a. gives off lots of small ganglionic or penetrating a. that supply what structures?
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most of the hypothalamus
basal ganglia internal capsule |
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What supplies the brainstem and parts of the cerebrum and spinal cord w/ blood?
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The vertebral basilar system
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The Neural tube has three layers..
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Ependymal
Mantle Marginal |
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Forebrain (Procehalon)
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Telencephalon
Diencephalon |
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Midbrain
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mesencephalon
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Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
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metencephalon
myelencephalon |
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Astrocytes
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make up the blood brain barrier
and are a macroglia cell |
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Primary neurulation
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formation of the neural tube
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Secondary Neurulation
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making the walls of the ventricle, cell body and axis, 3 layers that make the thickness of the neural tube.
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Sulcus Limitans
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Divides the alar from basal plates
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Alar plate
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Sensory comes from neural crest (PNS)
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Basal plate
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motor stays medial during development
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Lamina Terminalis
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wall that terminates in front of the neural tube
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Which glial cells originate from neural crest?
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Schwann
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What glial cell is not part of the neural tube?
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microglial
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Which 2 cranial nerves would be found in the alar and basal plates?
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vestibulocochlear viii(alar)
hypoglossal xii (basal) |
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What forms the rhomboid fossa?
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Pontine flexure (disappears after formation)
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Dorsal root ganglion of the ANS come from what cell type?
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Neural Crest
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Difference between ventral and dorsal side of the spinal cord
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Arteries:
ventral-1 dorsal-2 Fissures; vent. has anterior mendian dorsal has sulci |
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Fasciculus Coneatus
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Upper limbs
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Fasciculus Grascilus
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Lower limbs
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Lateral vent
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roof; corpus collosum
floor; Thalamus, fornix, choroid plexus wall; hippocampus |
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Foramen of monroe
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roof: genu of fornix
floor; Thalamus |
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Cerebral Aqueduct
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roof; tectum (sup and inf colliculi)
floor; tegmentum (medulla, pons) |
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3rd vent
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roof; fornix
floor; tuber cinerium, infundibulum, mamillary bodies and tegmentum walls; lateral-thalamus, hypothalamus, lamine terminalis and pineal gland Ant- lamina terminalis, ant. commissure and ant. column of fornix post- pineal body, post. commissure |
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4th vent
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roof; cerebellum
floor; rhomboid fossa walls; cerebellar peduncles and sup. and inferior medullay velums |
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name of the post angle of the rhomboid fossa
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obex
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rhomboid fossa
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From pontine flexure, floor of 4th vent. alar and basal plates divided by sulcus limitans
front- pons back- medulla |
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Closing K+ channels
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depolarization
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Closing Na+ channels
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hyperpolarization
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Increasing extracellular Na+ levels
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depolarization
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Increasing extracellular K+ levels
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Hyperpolarization
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A dendrite with which combination of properties would have the longest length constant?
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Large diameter, few open channels
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A dendrite with which combination of properties would have the shortest length constant?
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small diameter, many open channels
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A larger diameter makes it easier or harder for current to travel down the dendrite?
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easier
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many open channels or few open channels make it harder for current to leave?
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few
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Decreasing the extracellular Na+ concentration will do what?
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Lowered Vna+, lowered peak of the action potential
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Applying a drug that prevents the opening of voltage gated K+ channels
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prolonged action potential, lack of an afterhyperpolarization
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Applying a drug that slows the inactivation of voltage gated Na+ channels
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Prolonged action potential, but an afterhyperpolarization is still present, indicating the opening of K+ channels
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which of the following axon would have the fastest conduction velocity
a) .5 um diameter, myelinated b) .5 um diameter, unmyelinated c) 1.5 um diameter, myelinated d) 1.5 um diamter, unmyelinated |
C) 1.5 - both larger diameter and the presence of myelin increase conduction velosity.
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Nerst equation--for single ions
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Eion=+61 log ([ion]0/[ion]i) +univalent ions
Eion=-61 log ([ion]0/[ion]i) -univalent ions |
