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176 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
What is the one thing that our brain depend on
|
Our brain depends on O2
|
|
|
|
What is the main way that the brain gets it’s O2
|
From the blood
|
|
|
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How long does it take to lose consciousness w/out O2 blood
|
10 sec
|
|
|
|
How long does it take before all electrical activity stops
|
20sec
|
|
|
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What is the capillary density in the brain
|
Brain has very high capillary density
|
|
|
|
Does gray matter have more caps or white
|
Gray
|
|
|
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What is the major vessel that supplies the brain with blood
|
Internal Carotid and vertebral aa. , all the vessels that carry blood to the brain branch off it
|
|
|
|
Who does the posterior blood supply of the brain
|
vertebral
|
|
|
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When the 2 vertebral aa . come together, what vessel do the form
|
Basillar a.
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How is circle of willis formed
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It is formed by the blood supply from the anterior i.e. Internal carotid and posterior i.e. vertebral aa., it is known as the continuous circle of blood
|
|
|
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What is the main function of circle of willis
|
It provides a continuous flow of blood from the anterior and the posterior surfaces of the brain
|
|
|
|
How are discrete regions of the brain get blood
|
They get blood from the brr. of the internal carotid and basilar arteries
|
|
|
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How are the ant and post circulation connected
|
They are connected via ant and post communicating arteries
|
|
|
|
What is an arterial aneurysm
|
An aneurysm is a balloon like structure that form due to obstruction of blood flow through different vessels of the brain
|
|
|
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Where are the aneurysm most likely to take place
|
They usually happen near the bifurcation of the vessels
|
|
|
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What are potential problems with aneurysm
|
2 types:
|
|
|
|
What is the role of paracentral lobule
|
Para central lobule is responsible for sensory and motor info to the leg and foots
|
|
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What is the blood supply to the paracentral lobule
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Anterior cerebral a.
|
|
|
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What other region does the anterior cerebral supply
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It supplies the anterior 2/3 of the medial surface of the hemisphere
|
|
|
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What is the path that ant. cerebral takes along the brain
|
-it appears at the subarachnoid space and anterior to the hypothalamus→ then upward and around the genu of corpus collosum→ while giving brr.
|
|
|
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Where is the visual cortex located
|
Located in the cerebellum at the occipital lobe
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|
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What is the blood supply to the visual cortex
|
Posterior cerebral
|
|
|
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What areas of the brain are supplied by the post cereberal a.
|
-occipital lobe
|
|
|
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What is the blood supply to the middle portion of the brain
|
Anterior cerebral
|
|
|
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What is the posterior supply of the brain
|
Posterior cerebral
|
|
|
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What is the lateral surface of the bran supplied by
|
Middle cerebral
|
|
|
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What is blood supply to the eye
|
Ophthalmic artery that comes from internal carotid
|
|
|
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What is the foramen that the MCA enters and exits through
|
Sylvian fissure
|
|
|
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What areas are supplied by the MCA
|
It includes the face and arm sensorimotor cortex
|
|
|
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What are the two major branches of the MCA
|
MCA superior and MCA inferior division,
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|
|
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What does each supply and what happens if they are occludes
|
Sup=does superior part of the lateral surface of the brain, speech
|
|
|
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What is the deep branches o the MCA called
|
They are called lentriculostriate aa.
|
|
|
|
What area is supplied by the lentriculostriate aa
|
These arteries supply the region of diencephalon where internal capsule is located
|
|
|
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What is the role of internal capsule
|
It supplies the upper motor neuron
|
|
|
|
Is it common to see stroke in lentriculostriate aa
|
Yes
|
|
|
|
What happens if there is a stroke in the middle stem of the MCA
|
It MCA stem Is knocked out, then the blood won’t flow to the brr. of MCA→ to all area dying where the blood goes, so we would lose the upper motor neuron
|
|
|
|
In w/c vessel does the infarct happen most frequently
|
MCA
|
|
|
|
What if there was a stroke in the left MCA superior division
|
-would have weakness on the right side
|
|
|
|
What happens if there is a right stem infarct**
|
-Everything on the left side will be knocked out
|
|
|
|
What happens if there is an infarct in the ACA
|
-contra lateral weakness= if it is on the right side, then weakness is on the left side to the lower extremity b/c it supplies the ant 2/3 of the middle hemisphere of the brain and that’s where paracentral lobule is located
|
|
|
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What is the main problem associated with posterior cerebral a. infarct
|
The blood supply to the visual cortex would be knocked out
|
|
|
|
What is contra lateral hemianopia
|
It is the loss of PCA due to a stroke or an infarct
|
|
|
|
What happens if the infarct was to occur at he junction of area that’s supplied by the 2 major vessels
|
These region between ACA –MCA and MCA-PCA are called “watersheds”, a stroke here would cause extremely low blood pressure for the both vessels and that would compromise all the area that these vessels supply
|
|
|
|
What would happen if there was an infarct in the Internal carotid
|
It would significantly lower the amount of blood going to the ACA and MCA
|
|
|
|
What is the area most severely effected by a watershed infarct
|
That would be the area b/t the 2 vessels b/c it depends on both of the vessels for it’s perfusion
|
|
|
|
What does PICA supply
|
Medulla and cerebellum
|
|
|
|
What does AICA supply
|
Pons and cerebellum
|
|
|
|
What does SCA supply
|
Midbrain and the cerebellum
|
|
|
|
What does anterior spinal artery supply
|
Part of medulla
|
|
|
|
What vessels supply cerebellum
|
PICA, SCA,AICA
|
|
|
|
What is the major blood supply of the spinal chord
|
Ant and post spinal
|
|
|
|
What happens if the posterior spinal is knocked out
|
We lose sensory function since it supplies the dorsal or alar region of the spinal chord
|
|
|
|
What would happen if the anterior spinal a. is knocked out
|
We lose the blood supply to the ventral or basal side of the spinal chord and therefore lose all the lower motor neurons
|
|
|
|
What is the venous drainage of the CNS
|
-drainage happens through the superior sagittal sinus, cavernous sinus, and great vein of the Galen
|
|
|
|
What is the one thing that our brain depend on
|
Our brain depends on O2
|
|
|
|
What is the main way that the brain gets it’s O2
|
From the blood
|
|
|
|
How long does it take to lose consciousness w/out O2 blood
|
10 sec
|
|
|
|
How long does it take before all electrical activity stops
|
20sec
|
|
|
|
What is the capillary density in the brain
|
Brain has very high capillary density
|
|
|
|
Does gray matter have more caps or white
|
Gray
|
|
|
|
What is the major vessel that supplies the brain with blood
|
Internal Carotid and vertebral aa. , all the vessels that carry blood to the brain branch off it
|
|
|
|
Who does the posterior blood supply of the brain
|
vertebral
|
|
|
|
When the 2 vertebral aa . come together, what vessel do the form
|
Basillar a.
|
|
|
|
How is circle of willis formed
|
It is formed by the blood supply from the anterior i.e. Internal carotid and posterior i.e. vertebral aa., it is known as the continuous circle of blood
|
|
|
|
What is the main function of circle of willis
|
It provides a continuous flow of blood from the anterior and the posterior surfaces of the brain
|
|
|
|
How are discrete regions of the brain get blood
|
They get blood from the brr. of the internal carotid and basilar arteries
|
|
|
|
How are the ant and post circulation connected
|
They are connected via ant and post communicating arteries
|
|
|
|
What is an arterial aneurysm
|
An aneurysm is a balloon like structure that form due to obstruction of blood flow through different vessels of the brain
|
|
|
|
Where are the aneurysm most likely to take place
|
They usually happen near the bifurcation of the vessels
|
|
|
|
What are potential problems with aneurysm
|
2 types:
|
|
|
|
What is the role of paracentral lobule
|
Para central lobule is responsible for sensory and motor info to the leg and foots
|
|
|
|
What is the blood supply to the paracentral lobule
|
Anterior cerebral a.
|
|
|
|
What other region does the anterior cerebral supply
|
It supplies the anterior 2/3 of the medial surface of the hemisphere
|
|
|
|
What is the path that ant. cerebral takes along the brain
|
it appears at the subarachnoid space and anterior to the hypothalamus→ then upward and around the genu of corpus collosum→ while giving brr.
|
|
|
|
Where is the visual cortex located
|
Located in the cerebellum at the occipital lobe
|
|
|
|
What is the blood supply to the visual cortex
|
Posterior cerebral
|
|
|
|
What areas of the brain are supplied by the post cereberal a.
|
occipital lobe
|
|
|
|
What is the blood supply to the middle portion of the brain
|
Anterior cerebral
|
|
|
|
What is the posterior supply of the brain
|
Posterior cerebral
|
|
|
|
What is the lateral surface of the bran supplied by
|
Middle cerebral
|
|
|
|
What is blood supply to the eye
|
Ophthalmic artery that comes from internal carotid
|
|
|
|
What is the foramen that the MCA enters and exits through
|
Sylvian fissure
|
|
|
|
What areas are supplied by the MCA
|
It includes the face and arm sensorimotor cortex
|
|
|
|
What are the two major branches of the MCA
|
MCA superior and MCA inferior division,
|
|
|
|
What does each supply and what happens if they are occludes
|
Sup does superior part of the lateral surface of the brain, speech
|
|
|
|
What is the deep branches o the MCA called
|
They are called lentriculostriate aa.
|
|
|
|
What area is supplied by the lentriculostriate aa
|
These arteries supply the region of diencephalon where internal capsule is located
|
|
|
|
What is the role of internal capsule
|
It supplies the upper motor neuron
|
|
|
|
Is it common to see stroke in lentriculostriate aa
|
Yes
|
|
|
|
What happens if there is a stroke in the middle stem of the MCA
|
It MCA stem Is knocked out, then the blood won’t flow to the brr. of MCA→ to all area dying where the blood goes, so we would lose the upper motor neuron
|
|
|
|
In w/c vessel does the infarct happen most frequently
|
MCA
|
|
|
|
What if there was a stroke in the left MCA superior division
|
would have weakness on the right side
|
|
|
|
What happens if there is a right stem infarct**
|
Everything on the left side will be knocked out
|
|
|
|
What happens if there is an infarct in the ACA
|
contra lateral weakness= if it is on the right side, then weakness is on the left side to the lower extremity b/c it supplies the ant 2/3 of the middle hemisphere of the brain and that’s where paracentral lobule is located
|
|
|
|
What is the main problem associated with posterior cerebral a. infarct
|
The blood supply to the visual cortex would be knocked out
|
|
|
|
What is contra lateral hemianopia
|
It is the loss of PCA due to a stroke or an infarct,right will cause left
|
None
|
|
|
What happens if the infarct was to occur at he junction of area that’s supplied by the 2 major vessels
|
These region between ACA –MCA and MCA-PCA are called “watersheds”, a stroke here would cause extremely low blood pressure for the both vessels and that would compromise all the area that these vessels supply
|
|
|
|
What would happen if there was an infarct in the Internal carotid
|
It would significantly lower the amount of blood going to the ACA and MCA
|
|
|
|
What is the area most severely effected by a watershed infarct
|
That would be the area b/t the 2 vessels b/c it depends on both of the vessels for it’s perfusion
|
|
|
|
What does PICA supply
|
Medulla and cerebellum
|
|
|
|
What does AICA supply
|
Pons and cerebellum
|
|
|
|
What does SCA supply
|
Midbrain and the cerebellum
|
|
|
|
What does anterior spinal artery supply
|
Part of medulla
|
|
|
|
What vessels supply cerebellum
|
PICA, SCA,AICA
|
|
|
|
What is the major blood supply of the spinal chord
|
Ant and post spinal
|
|
|
|
What happens if the posterior spinal is knocked out
|
We lose sensory function since it supplies the dorsal or alar region of the spinal chord
|
|
|
|
What would happen if the anterior spinal a. is knocked out
|
We lose the blood supply to the ventral or basal side of the spinal chord and therefore lose all the lower motor neurons
|
|
|
|
What is the venous drainage of the CNS
|
drainage happens through the superior sagittal sinus, cavernous sinus, and great vein of the Galen
|
|
|
|
What is the one thing that our brain depend on
|
Our brain depends on O2
|
|
|
|
What is the main way that the brain gets it’s O2
|
From the blood
|
|
|
|
How long does it take to lose consciousness w/out O2 blood
|
10 sec
|
|
|
|
How long does it take before all electrical activity stops
|
20sec
|
|
|
|
What is the capillary density in the brain
|
Brain has very high capillary density
|
|
|
|
Does gray matter have more caps or white
|
Gray
|
|
|
|
What is the major vessel that supplies the brain with blood
|
Internal Carotid and vertebral aa. , all the vessels that carry blood to the brain branch off it
|
|
|
|
Who does the posterior blood supply of the brain
|
vertebral
|
|
|
|
When the 2 vertebral aa . come together, what vessel do the form
|
Basillar a.
|
|
|
|
How is circle of willis formed
|
It is formed by the blood supply from the anterior i.e. Internal carotid and posterior i.e. vertebral aa., it is known as the continuous circle of blood
|
|
|
|
What is the main function of circle of willis
|
It provides a continuous flow of blood from the anterior and the posterior surfaces of the brain
|
|
|
|
How are discrete regions of the brain get blood
|
They get blood from the brr. of the internal carotid and basilar arteries
|
|
|
|
How are the ant and post circulation connected
|
They are connected via ant and post communicating arteries
|
|
|
|
What is an arterial aneurysm
|
An aneurysm is a balloon like structure that form due to obstruction of blood flow through different vessels of the brain
|
|
|
|
Where are the aneurysm most likely to take place
|
They usually happen near the bifurcation of the vessels
|
|
|
|
What are potential problems with aneurysm
|
2 types:
|
|
|
|
What is the role of paracentral lobule
|
Para central lobule is responsible for sensory and motor info to the leg and foots
|
|
|
|
What is the blood supply to the paracentral lobule
|
Anterior cerebral a.
|
|
|
|
What other region does the anterior cerebral supply
|
It supplies the anterior 2/3 of the medial surface of the hemisphere
|
|
|
|
What is the path that ant. cerebral takes along the brain
|
it appears at the subarachnoid space and anterior to the hypothalamus→ then upward and around the genu of corpus collosum→ while giving brr.
|
|
|
|
Where is the visual cortex located
|
Located in the cerebellum at the occipital lobe
|
|
|
|
What is the blood supply to the visual cortex
|
Posterior cerebral
|
|
|
|
What areas of the brain are supplied by the post cereberal a.
|
occipital lobe
|
|
|
|
What is the blood supply to the middle portion of the brain
|
Anterior cerebral
|
|
|
|
What is the posterior supply of the brain
|
Posterior cerebral
|
|
|
|
What is the lateral surface of the bran supplied by
|
Middle cerebral
|
|
|
|
What is blood supply to the eye
|
Ophthalmic artery that comes from internal carotid
|
|
|
|
What is the foramen that the MCA enters and exits through
|
Sylvian fissure
|
|
|
|
What areas are supplied by the MCA
|
It includes the face and arm sensorimotor cortex
|
|
|
|
What are the two major branches of the MCA
|
MCA superior and MCA inferior division,
|
|
|
|
What does each supply and what happens if they are occludes
|
Sup does superior part of the lateral surface of the brain, speech
|
|
|
|
What is the deep branches o the MCA called
|
They are called lentriculostriate aa.
|
|
|
|
What area is supplied by the lentriculostriate aa
|
These arteries supply the region of diencephalon where internal capsule is located
|
|
|
|
What is the role of internal capsule
|
It supplies the upper motor neuron
|
|
|
|
Is it common to see stroke in lentriculostriate aa
|
Yes
|
|
|
|
What happens if there is a stroke in the middle stem of the MCA
|
It MCA stem Is knocked out, then the blood won’t flow to the brr. of MCA→ to all area dying where the blood goes, so we would lose the upper motor neuron
|
|
|
|
In w/c vessel does the infarct happen most frequently
|
MCA
|
|
|
|
What if there was a stroke in the left MCA superior division
|
would have weakness on the right side
|
|
|
|
What happens if there is a right stem infarct**
|
Everything on the left side will be knocked out
|
|
|
|
What happens if there is an infarct in the ACA
|
contra lateral weakness= if it is on the right side, then weakness is on the left side to the lower extremity b/c it supplies the ant 2/3 of the middle hemisphere of the brain and that’s where paracentral lobule is located
|
|
|
|
What is the main problem associated with posterior cerebral a. infarct
|
The blood supply to the visual cortex would be knocked out
|
|
|
|
What is contra lateral hemianopia
|
It is the loss of PCA due to a stroke or an infarct
|
|
|
|
What happens if the infarct was to occur at he junction of area that’s supplied by the 2 major vessels
|
These region between ACA –MCA and MCA-PCA are called “watersheds”, a stroke here would cause extremely low blood pressure for the both vessels and that would compromise all the area that these vessels supply
|
|
|
|
What would happen if there was an infarct in the Internal carotid
|
It would significantly lower the amount of blood going to the ACA and MCA
|
|
|
|
What is the area most severely effected by a watershed infarct
|
That would be the area b/t the 2 vessels b/c it depends on both of the vessels for it’s perfusion
|
|
|
|
What does PICA supply
|
Medulla and cerebellum
|
|
|
|
What does AICA supply
|
Pons and cerebellum
|
|
|
|
What does SCA supply
|
Midbrain and the cerebellum
|
|
|
|
What does anterior spinal artery supply
|
Part of medulla
|
|
|
|
What vessels supply cerebellum
|
PICA, SCA,AICA
|
|
|
|
What is the major blood supply of the spinal chord
|
Ant and post spinal
|
|
|
|
What happens if the posterior spinal is knocked out
|
We lose sensory function since it supplies the dorsal or alar region of the spinal chord
|
|
|
|
What would happen if the anterior spinal a. is knocked out
|
We lose the blood supply to the ventral or basal side of the spinal chord and therefore lose all the lower motor neurons
|
|
|
|
What is the venous drainage of the CNS
|
drainage happens through the superior sagittal sinus, cavernous sinus, and great vein of the Galen
|
|
|
|
What is the capillary density in the brain
|
Brain has very high capillary density each neuron is less than 100µm away from each other
|
|
|
|
What are potential problems with aneurysm
|
2 types 1 as it enlarges it compress adjacent brain tissue and 2 it can rupture and cause a subarachnoid hemorrhage
|
|
|
|
What is the path that ant. cerebral takes along the brain
|
it appears at the subarachnoid space and anterior to the hypothalamus then upward and around the genu of corpus collosum while giving brr it extends caudally along the body of corpus collosum and overlaps with the post. Cerebral
|
|
|
|
What areas of the brain are supplied by the post cereberal a.
|
occipital lobe and visual cortex and inferior and the medial temporal lobe
|
|
|
|
What does each supply and what happens if they are occludes
|
Sup does superior part of the lateral surface of the brain, speech and Inf inferior part of the lateral surface of the brain,
|
|
|
|
What happens if there is a stroke in the middle stem of the MCA
|
It MCA stem Is knocked out, then the blood won’t flow to the brr. of MCA→ to all area dying where the blood goes, so we would lose the upper motor neuron and b/c lentriculostriate aa. Wont supply internal capsule and no supply to the lateral side of the brain and there would be speech problems
|
|
|
|
What if there was a stroke in the left MCA superior division
|
would have weakness on the right side
|
|
|
|
What happens if there is a right stem infarct**
|
Everything on the left side will be knocked out
|
|
|
|
What is the main problem associated with posterior cerebral a. infarct
|
The blood supply to the visual cortex would be knocked out this loss of sight would be contra lateral i.e. stroke in left= vision loss in right eye
|
|
|
|
What would happen if there was an infarct in the Internal carotid
|
It would significantly lower the amount of blood going to the ACA and MCA and further away we get from these vessels i.e. distal brr. of these vessels will have even lower blood supply
|
|
|
|
What is the venous drainage of the CNS
|
drainage happens through the superior sagittal sinus, cavernous sinus, and great vein of the Galen and finally it ultimately dumps into internal jugular vein
|
|
|
|
What if there was a stroke in the left MCA superior division
|
would have weakness on the right side
|
|
|
|
What if there was a stroke in the left MCA superior division
|
would have weakness on the right side
|
|
|
|
What if there was a stroke in the left MCA superior division
|
would have weakness on the right side
right arm and face, loss of the Broca’s area, causing broca’s aphasia, also some sensory loss of the right side |
|
