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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the six divisions of the CNS?
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-spinal chord
-medulla oblongata (myelencephalon) -metencephalon - pons and cerebellum -midbrain (mesencephalon) -diencephalon -telencephalon - basal ganglia and cerebral cortex |
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What is "lamina"?
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cell bodies in the grey matter of spinal chord having similar function.
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What is "funiculi"?
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cell bodies in the white matter of spinal chord having similar function.
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What is a "commissure"?
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Where tracts cross
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Axons can leave either the dorsal or ventral surface of the spinal chord. What info is carried by the different sides?
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-Dorsal roots - sensory
-Ventral roots - motor |
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What are the 3 sections of the brainstem caudal to rostral?
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-medulla oblongata (myelencephalon)
-pons -midbrain (mesencephalon) |
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What are the 4 main functions of the medulla?
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-5 cranial nerves enter or exit here
-many tracts synapse here - pyramid tract crosses here - pyramidal decussation -controls our state of arousal - "reticular activating system" -participates in vital respiratory and blood pressure control along with pons |
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What are some major functions of the pons?
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-participates in vital respiratory and bp control with the medulla
-3 pairs of cranial nerves exit/enter here -relays info to the cerebellum, esp afferent info. -participates in reticular activating system |
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Do tracts cross in the cerebellum?
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Not usually, they are ipsilateral unlike in the cerebral cortex.
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What is a major function of the cerebellum?
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-controls our smooth motor movements
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What are some main functions of the midbrain (mesencephalon)?
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-vision and auditory functions
-more reticular activating system -2 cranial nerves - both for ocular movement |
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What are the key subdivisions to the diencephalon?
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-thalamus
-hypothalamus -epithalamus |
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What does the thalamus do?
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process and integrate sensory info
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What does the hypothalamus do?
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regulatory role
-integration of autonomic nervous system -regulates hormonal secretion by the pituitary gland |
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What does the epithalamus do?
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involved with emotional and vegetative functions
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Why is the telencephalon different from the rest of the CNS?
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it is where sensation is brought to a conscious level and where voluntary motion is planned.
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What do the basal nuclei do?
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-suppression of unwanted motor activity
-emotional and sexual impulse control |
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Define the gyri and sulci and whether it is white or gray matter.
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-gyri - hills
-sulci - valleys -gray matter is on the outside and white matter is on the inside. |
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What are Association fibers?
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connect one area of cerebral cortex to another IPSILATERALLY, same hemisphere.
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What are commissural fibers?
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connect on area of cerebral cortex to another CONTRALATERALLY, opposite hemisphere.
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What are projection fibers?
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tracts of white matter that descend to other brain centers.
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What are the major lobes of the cerebral cortex? (5)
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-frontal
-parietal -temporal -occipital -limbic |
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What happens in the Frontal lobe?
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-motor planning/control/execution
-orbitofrontal lobe near eye - emotions, fear, etc -motor planning for speech -major motor output to body |
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What happens in the Parietal lobe?
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-somato (body part) sensation - pain, temp, body image
-spatial vision and eye movement planning |
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What happens in the Temporal lobe?
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-audition and language ability
-short term memory -stereoscopic vision processing |
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What happens in the Occipital lobe?
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-visual processing - color, depth, motion, and others
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What happens in the Limbic lobe?
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-emotional and sexual responses
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What are the main suppliers of blood to the CNS?
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-Internal Carotid
---supplies the Anterior circulation -Vertebral Arteries ---supplies the Posterior circulation |
