Neuro

Front 1

Medial Medullary syndrome


vertebral artery or anterior spinal artery

Back 1

CL spastic hemiparesis and CL loss of touch vibration and pressure.
Lesions of hypoglossal nerve results in dysarthria (tongue deviate to side of lesion)

Front 2

Lateral Medullary syndrome (Wallenberg)


vertebral artery or PICA

Back 2

Horner's Syndrome, STT
Cranial nerve damaged are 8, 9, 10.
Vertigo, nausea, vomiting, (nystagmus, fast phase will be away from the side of lesion)
glossopharyngeal n (absent gag reflex)

Front 3

Medial Pontine syndrome


paramedian branches of basilar artery

Back 3

affects the corticospinal tract and exiting fibers of abducens N.
loss of touch, vibration, and pressure sensations.

Front 4

Lateral Pontine syndrome


lesions of the caudal or rostral pons (AICA and circumferential branches of the basilar artery)

Back 4

STT affected
facial and vestibulocochlear nerves,
fibers of trigeminal nerve

Front 5

Medial midbrain syndrome
(Weber's)


deep branches of Posterior Cerebral Artery

Back 5

corticospinal tracts
oculomtor nerve

Front 6

Lacunar strokes

medial straite, lenticulostriate, thalamoperforating

HT, DM

Back 6

CL hemiparesis, CL hemianesthesia,

parts of basal ganglia, thalamus, internal capsule, and ventral pons or midbrain.

Front 7

TIA

small emboli shed from a plaque in the internal carotid commonly retinal branches of ophthalmic artery (from internal carotid)

Back 7

transient blindness on the affected side like a window shade going down over an eye

Front 8

decorticate posturing

Back 8

lesions of tracts of UMN above the red nucleus in midbrain
flex at joints in upper limb and extend at joints of lower limb

Front 9

decerebrate posturing

Back 9

lesions of UMN systems in the brainstem below the red nucleus in midbrain
postural extension at joints of both the upper and lower limbs.

Front 10

ALS ( Lou Gehrig)

Back 10

pure motor system disease that affects both UMN and LMNs

Front 11

tabes dorsalis


Paresthesia, pain, polyuria

Back 11

bilateral degeneration of large-diameter dorsal root febers and their neuron cell bodies in dorsal root ganglia and degeneration of the DC

Front 12

CNIII

Back 12

laterally deviated eyeball (external strabismus)
can't adduct the eyeball

Front 13

CN 4 trochlear

Back 13

diplopia when pt attempts to depress the adducted eye and weakness in the ability to intort the eye.
Pt tilt their head away from the side of the lesions to reduce the diplopia that results from an unopposed extorsion by muscles innervated by CN3.

Front 14

CN6 abducens

Back 14

medially deviated eyeball (internal strabismus)

Front 15

mnemonic COWS (cool, opposite, warm, same

Back 15

direction of the fast phase of nystagmus in a caloric test toward the warm water side and away from the cool water saide.

Front 16

lesion of vermis and spinocerebellum

Back 16

difficulty maintaining posture or balance and have a motor or cerebellar ataxic gait.

Front 17

motor ataxia - Romberg - (sway or lose their balance with eyes open OR closed)

Back 17

sensory ataxia - lesion of the dorsal columns, Romberg + (pt only sway with eyes closed)

Front 18

lesions of flocculonodular lobe and vestibulocerebellum

Back 18

scanning dysarthria (divide words into individual syllables)
coarse cerebellar nystagmus

Front 19

lesions of vermis and thiamine def

Back 19

purkinje cells in the anterior part of the vermis that control proximal muscles in lower limbs.
pronounced motor ataxia but no cerebellar signs in upper limbs or cranial musculature.

Front 20

lesion of cerebellar hemisphere and a tremor with movement

Back 20

dysmetria (can't perform finger to nose test)
dysdiadochokinesis (can't perform rapidly alternating movement)

Front 21

argyll robertson pupil

neurosyphilis or DM

Back 21

unreactive to light but constrict in the near response

Front 22

marcus gunn pupil

lesion of optic nerve, multiple sclerosis

Back 22

afferent pupillary defect
when light swing to normal eye, both pupils constrict
when light swing to affected eye, both pupils paradoxically dilate

Front 23

one and a half syndrome

unilateral lesion of PPRF, the abducens nerve, ad axons of the MLF emerging from the PPRF

Back 23

can't look horizontally toward the side of the lesion with either eye. horizontal gaze in these pts is limited to an ability to abduct the eye ont he side opposite the lesion.