Neuro 3: Cn Nuclei

Front 1

What does the Alar plate contain?

Back 1

Sensory nuclei

Front 2

What does the Basal plate contain?

Back 2

Motor nuclei (motor neurons and preganglionic parasympathetic neurons)

Front 3

Which plate is located in the dorsolateral location?

Back 3

Alar

Front 4

Which plate is located in the ventromedial location?

Back 4

Basal

Front 5

Border between motor and sensory nuclei

Back 5

Sulcus Limitans

Front 6

What lie away from the sulcus limitans?

Back 6

SOMATIC motor and sensory nuclei

Front 7

What lie adjacent to the sulcus limitans?

Back 7

VISCERAL motor and sensory nuclei

Front 8

How many sensory nuclei in the BS?

Back 8

six

Front 9

How many motor nuclei in the BS?

Back 9

11

Front 10

Sensory nuclei in the BS are what order neurons?

Back 10

Secondary

Front 11

Are there parasympathetics in the BS? Which nerves?

Back 11

YES: 3,7,9,10

Front 12

What nerve is associated with Edinger-Westphal nucleus?

Back 12

Occulomotor 3

Front 13

What nerve is associated with Superior salivatory and lacrimal nucleus?

Back 13

Facial 7

Front 14

What nerve is associated with Inferior salivatory nucleus?

Back 14

Glossopharyngeal 9

Front 15

What nerves are associated with nucleus ambiguous?

Back 15

Glossopharyngeal 9 and Vagus 10

Front 16

What nerves are associated with the general visceral portion of the solitary nucleus?

Back 16

9 and 10

Front 17

What nerves are associated with the gustatory portion of the solitary nucleus?

Back 17

7,9,10

Front 18

Is there sympathetic neurons in the BS?

Back 18

No, but there is innervation to the head from the superior cervical ganglion

Front 19

What nuclei of the vagus is involved in parasympathetics?

Back 19

Ambiguous and Dorsal motor

Front 20

What nuclei of the oculomotor is involved in parasympathetics?

Back 20

Edinger-Westphal

Front 21

What nuclei of the Facial is involved in parasympathetics?

Back 21

Superior salivatory

Front 22

What nuclei of the Glossopharyngeal is involved in parasympathetics?

Back 22

Inferior salivatory

Front 23

What cranial nerves are GSE?

Back 23

3,4,6 (eye muscles)

Front 24

What eye muscle does the Trochlear nerve innervate?

Back 24

Superior oblique

Front 25

What eye muscle does the abducens nerve innervate?

Back 25

Lateral rectus

Front 26

What muscles does the oculomotor nerve innervate?

Back 26

All of the eye muscles except lateral rectus and superior oblique

Front 27

Where is the LMN of 3 located?

Back 27

Just below cerebral aqueduct at the level of the superior colliculus in MB

Front 28

Where is the LMN (GSE) component of 4 located?

Back 28

Just below the cerebral aqueduct at the inferior colliculus level of the MB

Front 29

Where is the LMN (GSE) component of 6 located?

Back 29

Floor of the 4th ventricle at the pons beneath the facial colliculus

Front 30

What makes up the facial colliculus?

Back 30

Formed by Abducens nucleus and overlying facial motor nerve fibers

Front 31

What nerves travel between the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries?

Back 31

3 and 4

Front 32

What GSE nerves travel through the cavernous sinuses?

Back 32

3,4,6

Front 33

What is the only nerve to exit the DORSAL aspect of the brain stem?

Back 33

4

Front 34

Where do 3,4,6 leave the skull?

Back 34

Superior orbital fissure

Front 35

What is the laterality of the oculomotor innervation?

Back 35

ipsilateral as the nerve

Front 36

What is the laterality of the trochlear innervation?

Back 36

Contralateral to nucleus

Front 37

What is the laterality of the abducens innervation?

Back 37

Ipsilateral to nucleus

Front 38

What constitutes the efferent limb of the pupillary light reflex and accomodation reflex?

Back 38

Oculomotor GVE/Parasympathetic of Edinger-Westphal nucleus

Front 39

What ganglion do the preganglionic axons of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus synapse on?

Back 39

Cilary Ganglion

Front 40

What leaves the ciliary ganglion to innervate the ciliary muscle and pupillary constrictor?

Back 40

Postgagnlionic axons as short ciliary nerves

Front 41

What innervates the ciliary muscle and pupillary constrictor?

Back 41

GVE/Parasympathetic portion of Occulomotor from Edinger-Westphal nucleus

Front 42

Uncal herniation would cause problems to what first?

Back 42

Parasympathetics of the occulomotor (Pupil constriction) --> Tend to be on outside and lateral part of 3

Front 43

What symptoms would you see in an oculomotor lesion due to damage of the GSE fibers?

Back 43

Lateral or external strabismus, diplopia and ptosis

Front 44

What symptoms would you see in an occulomotor lesion due to damage of the GVE fibers?

Back 44

fixed and dilated pupil

Front 45

Laterality of LMN lesion of Oculomotor?

Back 45

ipsilateral to nerve and usually bilateral

Front 46

What is the eye unable to do due to a LMN lesion of the Trochlear?

Back 46

Cannot move down and in --> Diplopia when looking down

Front 47

Where would you see problems with reading and descending stairs?

Back 47

LMN lesion of trochlear

Front 48

Laterality of LMN lesion to trochlear?

Back 48

contralateral to nucleus, ipsilateral to nerve after its decussation

Front 49

What type of strabisumus would you see due to an abducens nerve lesion?

Back 49

medial or internal and diplopia

Front 50

Laterality of a LMN lesion of the abducens?

Back 50

Ipsilateral to nerve and nucleus

Front 51

Where may you see paralysis of lateral gaze?

Back 51

Lesion of the abducens nucleus involving the nucleus itself

Front 52

A UNILATERAL UMN lesion of the Corticobulbar tract would produce what?

Back 52

no noticeable deficits involving tghe eye muscles because each 3,4 and 6 nerve receives CBT input from the cerebral cortex of BOTH hemispheres in the BS

Front 53

What corrdinates activity of the eye muscles through connections with nuclei of 3,4,6 and vestibular nuclei?

Back 53

Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus (MLF)

Front 54

What is the afferent limb of the VOR?

Back 54

Vestibular nerve

Front 55

What are the efferent limbs of the VOR?

Back 55

3,4,6 nerves

Front 56

What may result from damage to the MLF and may be seen as the first deficit in MS?

Back 56

Internuclear opthalmoplegia

Front 57

What is an important source of info about gravity, rotation and accelaeration?

Back 57

Vestibular nerve

Front 58

What is used for maintaining posture and equilibrium and coordinating head and eye movements?

Back 58

Vestibular nerve (Vestibulospinal tract and MLF)

Front 59

Where does the vestibular nerve enter the BS?

Back 59

pons/medulla junction (cerebellopontine angle)

Front 60

Where are the 1st order or primary afferents of the vestibular nerve located?

Back 60

Bipolar neuron CB located in vestibular (Scarpa's) ganglion

Front 61

Where does the Vestibular or Scarpa's ganglion lie?

Back 61

within the internal auditory meatus

Front 62

Where are the second order CB of the vestibular nerve located?

Back 62

Vestibular nuclei in the floor of the 4th ventricle

Front 63

Where does the vestibulocerebellar tract travel?

Back 63

Inferior Cerebellar peduncle

Front 64

Where does the vestibulocerebellar tract terminate?

Back 64

Flocculonodular lobe

Front 65

What tract facilitates antigravity muscles (extensors) important in maintaining posture?

Back 65

Vestibulospinal

Front 66

Damage to what may cause dizziness, falling, abnormal eye movements, nausea and vomiting?

Back 66

Vestibular nerve or nuclei

Front 67

Acoustic neuroma in the cerebellopontine angle is the most common cause of damage to what?

Back 67

Vestibular nerve/nuclei

Front 68

Lateral gaze center

Back 68

Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation (PPRF)

Front 69

Damage to the left MLF would present as what when asking the patient to look to the opposite side of the lesion (right)?

Back 69

Left eye (ipsilateral to lesion) cannot move past midline due to damaged III and Medial Rectus. --> Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia

Front 70

Where is the PPRF located?

Back 70

Near the abducens nuclei

Front 71

What does the PPRF coordinate?

Back 71

Medial and lateral rectus muscles via III and VI

Front 72

Damage to the Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation would present as what?

Back 72

Paralysis of lateral gaze (medial strabismus of ipsilateral eye, cannot move contralateral eye medially past the midpoint even though the III on contralateral side is intact)

Front 73

Paralysis of the lateral gaze would be caused by what?

Back 73

Damage to abducens nuclei and PPRF

Front 74

Where is the center for vertical gaze located?

Back 74

Periaqueductal gray of MB at level of the superior colliculus

Front 75

What can be damaged by pressure from a pineal tumor?

Back 75

Center for vertical gaze

Front 76

Saccades

Back 76

Voluntary, conjugate eye movements (Frontal eye field = 8)

Front 77

Where is area 8?

Back 77

Caudal aspect of middle/superior frontal gyri

Front 78

If a seizure or stimulation to area 8, where do the eyes look?

Back 78

Away or opposite of lesion

Front 79

If a stroke or destruction in area 8, where do the eyes look?

Back 79

AT the lesion

Front 80

What area is the frontal eye field?

Back 80

8

Front 81

What area is the occipital eye field?

Back 81

18 and 19

Front 82

A lesion in areas 18 and 19 would cause what?

Back 82

visual agnosia (do not recognize what is seen) and disruption of reflexes such as fixation and accomodation/convergence

Front 83

Where does the cochlear nerve enter the BS?

Back 83

Pons/medulla junction (cerebellopontine angle) same as vestibular nerve but they enter as separate roots

Front 84

Where is the peripheral process of the primary afferent cochlear nerve?

Back 84

associated with receptors (hair cells) of the cochlea

Front 85

Where are the CB of the primary afferent cochlear nerve?

Back 85

Cochlear or spiral ganglion

Front 86

Where are the second order CB of the cochlear nerve?

Back 86

Dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei

Front 87

Where will the cochlear nerve always synapse?

Back 87

Cochlear or spiral ganglion, dorsal or ventral cochlear nuclei, inferior colliculus, medial geniculate nucleus, Transverse Temporal Gyri

Front 88

Areas 41 and 42

Back 88

Transverse Temporal Gyri

Front 89

Damage to the cochlear nuclei or cochlear or spiral ganglion would cause what?

Back 89

Deafness in ipsilateral ear

Front 90

Damage to anything above the cochlear nuclei would cause what? (if lesion is unilateral)

Back 90

minimal hearing loss in contralateral ear

Front 91

What Nucleus contains 2nd CB which carry input from discrimitive touch and propriocetion of the head?

Back 91

Main trigeminal nucleus

Front 92

Which is more lateral in the pons, the tirgeminal main sensory nucleus or the Tigeminal Motor nucleus?

Back 92

Main sensory nucleus is more lateral

Front 93

Which tract is the Main trigeminal nucleus analagous to?

Back 93

DCML

Front 94

What nucleus carries pain and temperature information from the head?

Back 94

Spinal V

Front 95

What nucleus is coextensive with Lissauer's tract of the SC?

Back 95

Spinal V

Front 96

Where do the 3 CB of the TTT terminate?

Back 96

VPM of Thalamus

Front 97

Where do the TTT have their 1 CB?

Back 97

Trigeminal ganglion

Front 98

Specifically where do the neurons of the VPM terminate?

Back 98

Postcentral gyrus nearest the lateral fissure

Front 99

What is the only nucleus to have its first order neurons inside the CNS?

Back 99

Mesencephalic Trigeminal Nucleus (GSA)

Front 100

What nucleus carries proprioception from muscle spindles in muscles of mastication?

Back 100

Mesencephalic Trigeminal

Front 101

What is the afferent limb of the jaw jerk?

Back 101

Mesencephalic Trigeminal Nucleus

Front 102

What is the efferent limb of the jaw jerk reflex?

Back 102

SVE motor component of Trigeminal

Front 103

The SVE component of Trigeminal innervates muscles from which arch?

Back 103

1st

Front 104

Laterality of trigeminal motor nucleus?

Back 104

Ipsilateral

Front 105

Damage to the sensory components of Trigeminal nerve?

Back 105

Disturbed discriminative touch, proprioception, pain or temp, Trigeminal neuralgia (Tic Douloreux)

Front 106

Laterality of a sensory defecit to Trigeminal?

Back 106

Depends upon whether the lesion is above or below the decussation of the trigeminothalamic tract

Front 107

Damage to the LMN motor component of V?

Back 107

Ipsilateral paralysis of muscles of mastication, atrophy

Front 108

Unilateral UMN (CBT) lesion of motor component of Trigeminal?

Back 108

Usually little deficit, but may be SOME contralateral weakness

Front 109

Where are the first order CB of sensory components of VII located?

Back 109

Geniculate ganglion

Front 110

GSA of facial?

Back 110

Skin of external ear, wall of auditory tube and outer surface of tympanic membrane

Front 111

What contains the processes of the 1st order neurons of the GSA of the facial nerve?

Back 111

Nervus intermedius

Front 112

Where are the 2 CB found of the GSA of the facial?

Back 112

Spinal V!

Front 113

Where are the 3 CB of the sensory portions of the facial nerve located?

Back 113

VPM of thalamus

Front 114

What supplies taste to the anterior two thirds of the tongue?

Back 114

SVA of facial

Front 115

What portion of the solitary nucleus does the SVA of the facial synapse?

Back 115

Rostral

Front 116

What contains the 2 CB of the SVA portion of the facial?

Back 116

Solitary nucleus (rostral portion)

Front 117

Rostral part of the solitary nucleus AKA

Back 117

Gustatory nucleus

Front 118

Damage to the sensory portion of the facial?

Back 118

Loss of taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue, plus minimal loss of general sensation from ear, auditory tube and outer surface of tympanic membrane

Front 119

The SVE component of the facial innervates muscles from which arch?

Back 119

2nd

Front 120

What is located in the Facial motor nucleus?

Back 120

LMN

Front 121

Laterality of motor component of facial nerve?

Back 121

ipsilateral

Front 122

What serves as the efferent limb of the blink or corneal reflex?

Back 122

Motor component of facial nerve

Front 123

What nerve loops of the abducens nucleus/facial colliculus?

Back 123

Motor component of facial

Front 124

CBT (UMN) input to facial neurons innervating the face is ______ while those innervating the lower face is ______

Back 124

bilateral to upper face, but contralateral to lower face

Front 125

Unilateral UMN (CBT) lesion to facial motor nerve would cause what?

Back 125

Contralateral lower face paralysis (Upper face OK!)

Front 126

Unilateral LMN lesion to motor facial nerve?

Back 126

Ipsilateral upper AND lower face paralysis (Bell Palsy)

Front 127

Lesions within the pons produce deficits to which nerves?

Back 127

6 and 7

Front 128

Leision in the cerebellopontine angle produces defeicits in which nerves?

Back 128

7 and 8

Front 129

What nerve is associated with the superior salivatory nucleus and lacrimal nucleus?

Back 129

Facial (GVE) Parasympathetic component

Front 130

What provides general sensation to the skin of the external ear, internal surface of the tympanic membrane and the posterior 1/3 of the tongue and upper pharynx?

Back 130

GSA of 9

Front 131

Where do the 1 CB of GSA 9 synapse?

Back 131

Spinal V nucleus

Front 132

What forms the afferent limb of the gag reflex?

Back 132

GSA of 9

Front 133

What receives input of the carotid sinus (baroreceptors) and carotid bodies (chemoreceptors)?

Back 133

GVA of 9

Front 134

Where are the 1 CB of the SVA and GVA of 9 located?

Back 134

Inferior glossopharyngeal (petrosal) ganglion

Front 135

What portion of the solitary nucleus does the SVA of 9 synapse?

Back 135

rostral

Front 136

Where does the 1 order neuron of the SVA of 9 synapse?

Back 136

Rostral portion of Solitary nucleus

Front 137

What portion of the solitary nucleus does the GVA of 9 synapse?

Back 137

Caudal

Front 138

9 innervates the stylopharyngeus which is derived from which arch?

Back 138

3

Front 139

LMN of the SVE of 9 are located where?

Back 139

nucleus ambiguous

Front 140

Where are the 1 CB of the GVE (Parasympathetic) of 9 located?

Back 140

Inferior salivatory nucleus

Front 141

What serves as parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland?

Back 141

GVE of 9

Front 142

2nd order CB of the GSA component of the Vagus are located where?

Back 142

Spinal V

Front 143

What part of the Vagus has little significance in the adult?

Back 143

SVA (rostral solitary nucleus)

Front 144

Where does the GVA of 10 have its 2 CB?

Back 144

Caudal portion of solitary nucleus

Front 145

Is there cortical projection of the GVA component of 10?

Back 145

NO

Front 146

The SVE motor component of 10 innervates muscles from which arch?

Back 146

4 and 6 (larynx and pharynx)

Front 147

Where are the LMN of the SVE of 10 lcoated?

Back 147

Nucleus ambiguus

Front 148

What is the efferent limb of the gag reflex?

Back 148

SVE of 10

Front 149

Unilateral LMN lesion of nucleus ambiguus

Back 149

9 and 10: absent gag reflex, ipsilateral paralysis, hoarseness and uvula deviates to NORMAL side (away from lesion)

Front 150

Bilateral LMN lesion of nucleus ambiguus

Back 150

fatal

Front 151

Unilateral UMN of Vagus

Back 151

no deficit

Front 152

The LMN of 11 are located where?

Back 152

Spinal accessory nucleus at C1-C5

Front 153

LMN lesions of 11

Back 153

shoulder drop, downward and lateral rotation of scapula, weakness in turning head to side contralateral to lesion

Front 154

UMN lesion of 11?

Back 154

transietn contralateral paresis or paralysis in trap and SCM

Front 155

LMN of the GSE hypoglossal?

Back 155

Hypoglossal nucleus

Front 156

LMN or UMN of 12?

Back 156

tongue deviates to side of lesion (weak side)