Neuro 2Nd Quarter 2Nd Year 2Nd Week

Front 1

What are the three mechanisms of an ischemic stroke?

Back 1

Thrombosis
Emboli
Hypoperfusion

Front 2

Name four anastomotic channels in the anterior circulation of the brain.

Back 2

Posterior and anterior communicating arteries
Leptomeningeal connections
Ophthalmic artery to ext carotid artery anastomoses.

Front 3

An older man with a history of diabetes and hypertension comes in with sudden onset focal disability.

Back 3

Ischemic stroke.

Front 4

What underlying disease does Amaurosis Fugax indicate?

Back 4

Extracranial carotid artery disease with retinol emboli.

Front 5

Occlusion of what can present as amaurosis fugax, and MCA stroke, or a combined MCA/ACA stroke?

Back 5

Internal carotid artery stenosis/occlusion

Front 6

Broca's aphasia is supplied by an anterior branch of the MCA and typically associated with what finding?

Back 6

Right hemiplegia

Front 7

Wernicke's aphasia is supplied by a posterior branch of the MCA and is associated with what finding?

Back 7

Right homonymous hemianopsia

Front 8

Syndrome associated with agraphia, acalculia, finger agnosia, and left-right confusion.

Back 8

Gerstmann's Syndrome

Front 9

Anosognosia (denial of illness) and asomatosognosia (denial of body parts) are associated with a stroke located where?

Back 9

Non-dominant hemisphere, usually right, localized to the parietal lobe.

Front 10

Wernicke's aphasia, Broca's aphasia, Gerstmann's syndrome, and syndromes involving denial of illness are associated with strokes in which artery?

Back 10

MCA

Front 11

In an ACA stroke, the hemiparesis and sensory loss is due to an infarct in which area?

Back 11

Paracentral lobule

Front 12

Urinary incontinence is typically seen with strokes involving which artery?

Back 12

ACA

Front 13

Sudden onset pure motor weakness in face, arm, and leg
Urinary incontinence
Abulia

Back 13

Stroke of the ACA involving the artery of Heubner

Front 14

Sudden onset leg weakness, sensory loss, problems with continence, frontal lobe release signs, lack of will/animation

Back 14

Stroke of the ACA, probably bilateral due to abulia and release signs

Front 15

Sudden onset ne-sided weakness and sensory loss, mostly of the leg, incontinence. What kind of stroke?

Back 15

ACA

Front 16

Posterior limb of the internal capsule is supplied by which artery?

Back 16

Anterior choroidal artery

Front 17

Posterior limb of the internal capsule, internal segment of the globus pallidus, optic tract, and the choroid plexus in the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle are supplied by what artery?

Back 17

Anterior choroidal artery

Front 18

Comtralateral hemiplegia and hemisensory loss
contralateral homonymous hemianopsia with a spared beaklike zone horizontally

Back 18

Anterior choroidal artery

Front 19

Crossed stroke findings point to a stroke involving which artery?

Back 19

PCA

Front 20

Syndrome from stroke involvement of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Back 20

Lateral medullary syndrome

Front 21

Stroke resulting in medial medullary syndrome involves which artery?

Back 21

Anterior spinal artery.

Front 22

Contralateral hemiplegia with sparing of face
Contralateral loss of vib and prop
Ipsilateral tongue weakness

What syndrome?

Back 22

Medial medullary

Front 23

Contralateral hemiplegia with sparing of face
Contralateral loss of vib and prop
Ipsilateral tongue weakness

What arteries involved in stroke?

Back 23

Anterior spinal artery distribution of the Vertebral arteries

Front 24

Lateral medullary syndrome--artery involved?

Back 24

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

Front 25

Contralateral decreased pain and temp in arm and leg
Ipsilateral decreased pain and temp in face

Can also have miosis, ptosis, anhydrosis, limb ataxia, hiccips, nystagmus.

Back 25

Lateral medullary syndrome

Front 26

What area is affected in lat medullary syndrome to give hoarseness, dysphagia, hiccups, decreased gag reflex?

Back 26

Nucleus ambiguous

Front 27

What area is affected by lat medullary syndrome to give nystagmus, vertigo, nausea, and vomiting?

Back 27

Vestibular nuclei

Front 28

What area is involved in lat medullary syndrome to give decreased ipsilateral pain and temp to the face?

Back 28

spinal trigeminal nucleus (V)

Front 29

Testing of the CSF hows increased Ig, oligoclonal bands which aren't found in blood, and increased MBP

Back 29

Multiple schlerosis

Front 30

Category of demyelinating disease which follows an infection and immune response, but shows no infective agent at time of demyelination

Back 30

Perivenous Encephalomyelitis

Front 31

Mild version of Perivenous Encephalomyelitis, usually preceded by viral infections such as measles, mumps, chicken pox, rubella, and influenza

Back 31

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)

Front 32

More severe version of Perivenous Encephalomyelitis, usually preceded by a systemic viral infection or respiratory infection such as measles or atypical pneumonia

Back 32

Acute hemorrhagive leukoencephalitis (AHLE)

Front 33

Demyelinating disease targeting oligodendroglial cells, caused by a slow viral infection in an immunocompromised patient

Back 33

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)

Front 34

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy can be caused by what three polyomaviruses?

Back 34

JC
BK
SV40

Front 35

This demyelinating disease whos large oligodendroglial nuclei with viral inclusions, foamy macrophages, and atypical astrocytes

Back 35

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)

Front 36

This leukodystrophy shows PAS+ and LFB+ macrophages showing metechromasia with cresyl violet staining

Back 36

Metachromatic Leukodystrophy

Front 37

This leukodystrophy shows progressive motor disability in childhood

Back 37

Metachromatic Leukodystrophy

Front 38

This leukodystrophy has an aryl sulfatase A deficiency and is a lysosomal disorder

Back 38

Metachromatic Leukodystrophy

Front 39

Leukodystrophy that shows tuffstein or zebra-like inclusions in white matter

Back 39

Metachromatic Leukodystrophy

Front 40

Leukodystrophy shows multinucleated globoid PAS + macophages in white matter

Back 40

Globoid Dystrophy (GLD)/Krabbes

Front 41

Leukodystrophy has galactocerebrosidase beta galactosidase deficiency and lysosomal disorder

Back 41

Globoid Dystrophy (GLD)/Krabbes

Front 42

Leukodystrophy shows developmental failure, tonic spasms, gait disorder, and spasticity

Back 42

Globoid Dystrophy (GLD)/Krabbes

Front 43

Leukodystrophy has storage of very long fatty acid chains and is perozisomal X-linked

Back 43

Adrenal leukodystrophy (ALD)

Front 44

Leukodystrophy that causes diffuse demyelination of mainly the posterior portion of the cerebellum

Back 44

Adrenal Leukodystrophy (ALD)

Front 45

Leukodystrophy that causes failure to thrive, seizures, and retinal degeneration in children

Back 45

Adrenal leukodystrophy