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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anencephaly
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Failure of anterior neuropore development.
Brain not developed Increased AFP Dead |
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Spina Bifida
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Occulta - mildest; vert fail to form around sc; No increased AFP; Asymptomatic
Meningocele - meninges through vert; High AFP w/ meningomyelocele - mening and sc through vert defect; high afp w/ meleschisis - most severe; sc seen externally; high afp |
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Arnold Chiari Malformation
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Type 1- common, mostly asympto; downward displacement f cerebellar tonsils through foramen mag
Type 2- symptomatic; vermis and medulla through foramen mag; compression of 4th ventricle with obstructive hydrocephaly; frequent meningomyelocele; freq assoc with syringomyelia |
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Dandy Walker Malformation
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failure of forameina luscka and magendie to open ->dilated 4th ventricle; agenesis of cerebellar vermis and slenium of corpus collosum
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holoprosencephaly
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with Trisomy 13 - Patau syndrome
incomplete sep of cereb hemispheres one ventricle in telencephalon |
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Patau Syndrome
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trisomy 13; holoprosencephaly; cleft palate; polydactyl; lowered ears; heart defect; neural devel defect
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Horner Syndrome
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decreased sympathetic activity
ipsilateral partial ptosis, upside down ptosis; anhidrosis, miosis, enopthalmos, loss of ciliospinal reflex, bloodshot conjunctiva; possible flushing |
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craniopharyngioma
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benign tumor of pituatary gland;
common in children odontogenic epithelium w/ Ca deposits aka adamantinoma, rathke pouch tumor |
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parkinsons
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TARP - tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability
lewy bodies with a-synuclein intracellular loss of dopminergic neurons of sub nigra pars compacta - depigmentation |
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huntington
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CAG repeat
caudate loses Ach and gaba chorea, aggression, depressiondementia neuronal death via nmda=r binding and glutamate toxicity; atrophy of straiatal nuclei |
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hemiballismus
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sudden wild flailing of 1 arm +/- leg
contralateral subthalamic nucleus lesion -eg lacunar stroke; loss of inhibition of thalamus through globus pallidus |
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athetosis
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slow, writhing movements, especially in fingers
like snake basal ganglia lesion - eg huntington |
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dystonia
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sustained involuntary muscle contraction
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14 myoclonus
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sudden brief muscle contract
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Kluver bucy syndrome
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bilateral amygdala lesion
hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibited behavior assoc with HSV-1 |
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Wernicke Korskoff Syndrome
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mammillary body lesion
confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, memory loss, confabulations, personality change can be due to low thiamine - eg alcoholism |
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central pontine myelenolysis
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due to treatment for hyponatremia
acute paralysis, dysphagia, dysarthria |
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werdnig hoffman disease
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infentile sma - lmn only
AR smn1 gene floppy baby syndrome |
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poliomyelitis
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viral
motor neurons damaged - flaccid paralysis, muscle weakness |
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ALS
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amyotropic lat scler
motor neuron disease lou gherig |
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tabes dorsalis
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assoc with neurosyphilis
dorsal column degeneration by macrophages also with oral lesions due to macrophages of syphilis |
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friedreechs ataxia
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AR
degener of nerves in sc periph muscl weakenss, loss of coordination, dec vision and hearing, slurred speech, heart disorders FXN gene GAA repeat |
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brown sequard syndrome
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ispilateral and below lesion- umn signs, loss of tactile, vibration, proprioception
contralateral and below lesion: pain and temp loss Ipsi at level - all sensation LMN signs at level |
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Bells Palsy
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VII - facial nerve
idiopathic and usually unilateral corticosteroid may help |
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hydrocephalus
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communicating
noncommunicating both |
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macular degeneration
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dry
wet - neovascualr and exudative not painful |
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gerstmann syndrome
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lesion of inferior parietal, RL confustion, dyscalculia, finger anosia, contra L hemi/quadranopia
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sheehan syndrome
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post partam hemorrhagic infarct of pituatary -> no lactation
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ademantinoma
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craniopharyngioma
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Picks disease
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frontotemporal atrophy with dementia
dementia, aphasia, parkinsonian, pick bodies - Tau proteins; spares parietal lobe and posterior 2/3 of superior temp gyrus |
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Gaucher disease
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no glucocerebroside
lipid inclusion |
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krabbs disease
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globoid cell leukodystrophy;
degenerative myeline spastic paralysis |
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metachromatic leukodystrophy
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arysulfate A deficiency
lys storage disease flaccid paralysis |
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Nieman Pick disease
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sphingomyelin accumulation
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Tay-Sachs disease
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ganglioside accumulation
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Abnormal phosphorylation of Tau
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flame shaped cells, neurofibrillary tangles
in Alzheimers |
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lewy body dementia
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parkinsonism with dementia and hallucinations
a-synuclein defect |
