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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an opiod?
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Compound with morphine- like effects and binds to opiate receptors
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What are teh 5 general uses of opiods?
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1. analgesia
2. anethesia 3. cough 4. diarrhea 5. detoxification |
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What are the 3 endogenous opiods and thier precurssors?
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1. endorphins with POMC
2. enkephalins with Pro-enk 3. dynorphis with Pro-dyn |
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What are the 3 G protein opiod receptors?
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1. Mu (all 3)
2. Kappa (mainly enkpehalins) 3. Sigma (dynorphins) |
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The paleospinothalamic receptor distribution relieves what type of pain?
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dull, chronic
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The limbic system releives what type of pain?
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emotional effects
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Substantia gelatoniosia relieves what type of pain?
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sensory info related to pain
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The solitary nuclei relievse what type of pain
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cough
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The area postrema in the medulla relieves what type of pain?
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nausea and vomiting
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What are teh 4 opiod agaonists discussed that relieve pain?
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1. morphine
2. coeine 3. meperidine 4. fentanyl |
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What are some problems/benefits of morphine?
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- high first past metabolism, accumlates in many areas, doesnt get into CNS, constipation, decrease urine/respiration
- analgesic, decreases cough, causes euphoria in those WITH pain |
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Discuss the benefits of codeine esp vs morphine
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- low first pass metabolism
lower rate of abuse |
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Discuss meperidine
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- short analgesic with lower constipation so good for GI operations
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Discuss the properties of fentanyl
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- highly lipophilic and thus highly potent
- gets into CNS - accumulates |
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What is the one drug we discusssed that helps with diarrhea? how?
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- Diphenoxylate is hgihly insoluble so stays in gut and cannot get into CNS
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What are teh 2 drugs discussed that are treatment for abuse?
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methadone
buprenorphine |
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Discuss the action of methadone
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- longer acting so you can have extended suppression without withdrawl
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Discuss the action of buprenorphine
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- good analgesic and can be used for multiple types of abuse
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What are the 3 agonist-antagonists discussed?
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1. pentazocine
2. nalbuphine 3. butorphanol |
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Discuss how/why pentazocine is useful
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- low potentcy, low abuse
- analgesic |
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How is nalbuphine better than pentazocine?
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- no heart problems
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How is butorphanol better than pentazocine?
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- no withdrawl
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What is the one antagonist we discussed?
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nalaxone
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What does nalaxone do?
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- reverses the effects in an opiod overdose
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What is the one non-opiod antitussive we discussed? how is this better than morphine?
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- Dextromethorphan
- cough suppresent without analgesia/dependency/withdrawl |
