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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the study o neural basis of emotion and mood?
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Affective Neuroscience
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What is the James-Lange theory?
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That we experience emotion in response to physiological changes in our body
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What is the Cannon-Bard theory?
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that emotional experience can exist separately from emotional expression, emotion via thalamus
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What piece of evidence supports the james-lange theory?
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That spinal injuries sometimes cause a lack of emotion, and faking emotion (i.e. smiling) can cause it
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What is unconcious emotion based on?
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adverse conditioning to angry faces leads to same autonomic results even when masked
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Who first labeled the limbic zone?
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Broca
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What do lesions in the cingulate gyrus cause?
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fear, irritability and depression
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Who first linked the limbic zone with emotion? What circuit is this?
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Papez circuit
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What is Kluver-Bucy syndrome?
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removing temporal lobes causisng behavioral abnormalities, decreased fear and aggression, decreased visual recognition, flattened emotions, increased sex drive
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WHat are the three main parts of they amygdala?
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basolateral nuclei, corticomedial nuclei, central nucleus
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What are the two major pathways that connect the amygdala and the hippocampus?
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the ventral amygdalofugal pathway, the stria terminalis
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What is the most common symptom related to amygdala lesion?
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inability to recognize fear in facial expressions
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What is involved in learned fear?
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amygdala
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What are male sex hormones called? What do they correlate with?
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androgens, aggression
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What is predatory aggression?
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for food, no elevation in sympathetic
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What is Affective aggression?
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for show, elevation in sympathetic
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What is psychosurgery?
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surgery to solve psychological issues, like amygdala stuff or lobotomy
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What are the two major pathways hypo->brainstem for ANS?
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medial forebrain bundle and dorsal logitudinal fasciculus
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Which path is associated with affective aggression? predatory?
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dorsal longitudinal fasciculus, medial forebrain bundle
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What happens on a neurotransmitter level in aggression?
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decreased turnover rate of seratonin
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What are the primary functions of the limbic system?
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four fs, survival, emotion and expression
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What are the primary functions of the amygdala?
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emotional evaluation of sensory stimuli, emotional aspects of memory
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What are the primary funcitons of the hypothalamus relating to the limbic system?
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energy and water balance, ANS, temperature, endocrine system, sexual behavior
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What are the four primary emotion theories?
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folk, james-lange, cannon-bard, schachters congnitive
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What is the pathway for folk theory?
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stimulus to interpretation to emotion to ANS
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What is the pathway for cannon-bard theory?
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stimulus to interpretation to either ANS or emotion to ANS and emotion together
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What is the pathway for James-Lange theory?
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Stimulus to interpretation to ANS to emotion
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What is the pathway for schachters cognitive theory?
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stimulus to interpretation to
loud to ans danger to emotion to interpretation |
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Which emotion theory involves context? Which is most true?
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Schachters cognitive, james - lange
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Who gave us the neural perspective of emotion?
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LeDoux
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In the communication between limbic system and cortex, which says more?
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limbic system to cortex
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How can the amygdala take over?
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activates the locus coerleus ventral tegmental area
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What % suffer from anxiety disorders?
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20
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What levels are particularly high when in love?
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DA, cortisol, oxytocin
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What is the right hemisphere better at in terms of emotion
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accurately identifying emotional stimului
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What hemisphere is more pleasure felt?
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left
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What does damage to the posterior cingulate gyrus do?
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f: nymphomania
m: satyriasis, priapism (constant erection) |
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What does broad damage to the cingulate gyrus cause?
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akinetic mutism (no drive to speak or move)
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What are the three primary nuclei of the amygdala?
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corticomedial, central, and basolateral
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Which nuclei of the amygdala is the primary output nucleus?
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central nucleus
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What part of the brain is important for action?
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ventral striatum
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What part of the brain is important for cognition and regulation of behavior?
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Dorsal Medial thalamus
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What part of the brain is important for freezing behavior?
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periaqueductal grey
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What are the three amygdala afferents?
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stria terminalis, ventralamydgalofugal pathway, brainstem (specifically parabrachial nucleus), lateral olfactory tract
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What path does the stria terminalis take?
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same as fornix, through spetal nuclei and hypothalamus into brainstem
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Where does the VAP come from? What do the hemispheres specialize in?
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orbitofrontal cortex, RH: withdrawl, LH:approach
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What are the three amygdala efferents?
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stria terminalis, VAP, tempral lobe regions
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In the efferent version of the VAp, where does it especially go?
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nucleus accumbens
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What is the primary nucleus of the stria terminalis? what is it associated with?
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BNST, anxiety
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What does the stria terminalis affect?
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hypothalamus, pituitary, brainstem
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What are the main parts of the brainstem relating to the stria terminalis?
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PAG, parabrachial nucleus, locus coeruleus, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, reticular formation, raphe nucleus
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What is the main function of the PAG?
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Freezing behavior
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What is the main function of the parabrachial nucleus?
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hyperventalation and panic attack
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What is the main function of the locus coeruleus?
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arousal and vigilence
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What is the main function of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus?
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bradychardia (slowing of heart) and fainting
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What is the main function of the reticular formation?
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startle reflex
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What is the main function of the raphe nucleus?
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ANS
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Where does the stria terminalis project to? What is this associated with?
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lateral horn (tachycardia, hypertension)
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Through which nucleus does the cerebrum control emotional experience?
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basolateral
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Through which nucleus do the hypothalamus and PAG control ANS and freezing behavior?
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central nucleus
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What tries to ramp up the PVN to produce more cortisol? Shut down?
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amygdala, hippocampus
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How do you get more neurogenesis in the hippocampus?
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get amygdala to tell it to!
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Who wrote descartes error?
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Damasio
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What helps us interpret our body state?
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somatic markers
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What corelates with high social standing?
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high seratonin levels
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What are symptoms of Kluver-Bucy syndrome?
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inappropriate response to stimulus, visual object agnosia, personality changes, inability to learn from experience, hypermetamorphosis (desire to touch), hypersexuality
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What mediates social fear and trust in the amygdala?
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oxytocin
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What is sham rage?
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violent rage at the least provocation after removal of cerebral cortex
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What does electrical stimulation of the basolateral nuclei of the amygdala cause?
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affective aggression
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An output tract of the corticomedial nuclei of the amygdala is the
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stria terminalis
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An output tract of the basolateral nuclei of the amygdala is the
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VAP
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