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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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myelin-forming glial cells in the CNS
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oligodendrocytes
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myelin-forming glial cells in the PNS
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Schwann cells
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which layer of the neocortex receives the majority of inputs from the thalamus?
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IV
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which layer of the neocortex sends outputs to the brainstem, spinal cord, and basal ganglia?
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V
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which layer of the neocortex sends outputs to the thalamus?
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VI
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primary somatosensory cortex Brodmann's area
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3, 1, 2
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primary motor cortex Brodmann's area
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4
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primary visual cortex Brodmann's area
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17
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primary auditory cortex Brodmann's area
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41
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where is the pyramidal decussation?
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junction b/w medulla & spinal cord
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where do lesions cause ataxia
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cerebellum (loss of coordination and balance)
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where do lesions cause hypo- and hyperkinetic movement disorders
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basal ganglia
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where are the primary sensory neuron cell bodies located
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dorsal root ganglia (outside the CNS)
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what is the function of the muscle spindles?
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detect amount and rate of stretch in muscles for the reflex arc
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where is the reticular formation located?
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central part of brainstem from medulla to midbrain
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the reticular formation of the lower pons and medulla is involved in
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motor and autonomic functions
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the reticular formation in the upper pons and midbrain is involved in
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regulating the level of consciousness by influencing higher areas through modulation of thalamic activity
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lesions that affect the pontomesencephalic reticular formation can cause
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lethargy and coma
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innervates the muscles of mastication
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CN V
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parasympathetics to the parotid gland
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CN IX
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no trouble recalling remote events but have difficulty forming new memories
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lesion to the limbic system
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where would a lesion cause deficits in language comprehension (sensory aphasia)
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Wernicke's area; makes sense b/c it is adjacent to the primary auditory cortex in the superior temporal lobe
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where would a lesion cause deficits in the production of language (motor aphasia)
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Broca's area (Broca's broken boca); makes sense b/c it's located adjacent to the primary motor cortex
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where would a lesion cause a distortion of perceived space and neglect of the contralateral side
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parietal lobe, especially in the non-dominant (usually right) hemisphere
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where would a lesion cause a variety of disorders in personality and cognitive functioning?
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frontal lobe
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venous drainage for the brain
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internal jugular v.
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sympathetics arise from spinal levels
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T1-L2
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parasympathetic division of the ANS arises from
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cranial nerves and S2-S4
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where is the insular cortex found?
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within the sylvian fissure
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where is the primary visual cortex?
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occipital lobes along the banks of the calcarine fissure
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what are the transverse gyri of Heschl
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gyri of the primary auditory cortex that lie inside the Sylvian fissure
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where nerves originate in the midbrain?
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CN II, III, IV
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where nerves originate in the pons?
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CN V
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where nerves originate in the pontomedullary junction?
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CN VI, VII, VIII
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where nerves originate in the medulla?
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CN IX, X, XI, XII
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what muscle does CN IX innervate?
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stylopharyngeus
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what is Gerstmann's syndrome
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difficulty with calculations
R-L confusion finger agnosia difficulties with written language |
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apraxia
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abnormalities in motor conceptualization, planning, and execution (purposeful movements)
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where can lesions cause apraxia?
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diffusion lesions of the cortex or focal lesions affecting the frontal or left parietal lobe
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where would a lesion cause left hemineglect?
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right parietal lesion
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anosognosia
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unawareness of a deficit
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which side is neglected in extinction?
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the side opposite the lesion
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where would a lesion cause disinhibited behaviors?
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frontal lobe
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where would a lesion cause magnetic gait and urinary incontinence
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frontal lobe
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prosopagnosia
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inability to recognize faces
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palinopsia
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persistence or reappearance of an object viewed earlier
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anterior blood supply of the brain
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internal carotid aa.
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