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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the 4 areas of input to the reticular formation?
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1. cranial nerves (esp CN V and VIII)
2. cerebellum (esp vestibular) 3. spinal cord 4. forebrain |
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What is the 3 main output/functions of the reticular formation?
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1. cranial nerve (modulates/organizes output of CN as interneuron)
2. ANS (both symp and para) 3. Spinal Cord (ANS/pain/cortex) |
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Where is the origin of the slow pain path?
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Anterior part of the dorsal horn and intermediate zone
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Where does the slow pain path cross, what is special about this?
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Ventral white commissure (intermingles with fast pain)
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The slow pain pathway ascends via what tract until which level?
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Reticular formation until the medulla
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What thalamic nerve does the slow pain pathway go to and where does it terminate?
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- Medial Thalamus
- limbic cortex and unknown |
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Where is the slow pain pathway located within the spinal cord?
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- anterolateral quadrant
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What are teh 2 ways to modulate pain?
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1. endogenous
2. exogenous |
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Describe the Endogenous pain modulation
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Analgesia center within wall post 3rd ventricle and periaquaeductal midbrain
- path: down brainstem and end on nuclei within reticular formation (turns off slow pain neurons) |
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Describe the Exogenous pain modulation
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Path of touch fibers: enter dorsal root and gives off collaterals that enter the deep gray and synapse on interneurons that inhibit slow pain
- rub painful area which stimulates touch and turns off slow pain |
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Define the diffuse modulating system
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- groups of neurons in reticular formation that release NT so there is always a base level of NT in the brain
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What are the 3 features of the diffuse modulating system?
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1. small number of neurons
2. each axon of these neurons influences 100,000+ other neurons 3. NT are released into EC fluid and influence many other neurons |
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What are the 4 major diffuse modulating systems?
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1. Norepinephrine
2. serotonergic 3. Dopanergic 4. ACh |
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Define the Norepinephrine diffuse modulating system.
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- in locus ceruleus (rostral pons)
- facilitates neural activity |
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define the Serotonergic diffuse modulatin gsystem
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- in raphe nuclei in pons/medulla
- widespread NS/limbic so influences mood/behavior |
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Define Dopanergic Diffuse modulating system
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- in sub nigra and ventral tegmenta area (VTA)
- in VTA associated with reward and pleasure |
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Define ACh diffuse modulating system
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- from the pontomed to thalamus and basal forbrain
- regulates excitability of Thalamus ***Basal nucleus of Meynert associated with memory and learning is decreased in Alzheimers |
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What are teh 3 other areas that the REticular Formation influences?
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1. respiration
2. sleep 3. cerebral cortex |
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How does the reticular formation influence respiration?
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- Center for respiration is in the Center in REticular of the Medulla that receives chemoreceptors to regulate the phrenic
- lesion causes respiratory arrest |
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How does the reticular formation influence sleep?
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Ant hypothalamus has sleep center
- lesion= insomnia |
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How does the reticular formation influence the cerebral cortex?
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- ARAS is important for consciousness
- lesion= coma |
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What is an important sign of uncal herniation?
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- ipslateral dilated pupil
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