Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
214 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
tight, band like discomfort that is unrelenting with mild to moderate pain triggered by stress and fatigue
|
tension headache
|
|
|
tension HA tx: non-opioid analgesics
|
ASA, ibuprofen, acetaminophen
|
|
|
Tension HA analgesic combos
|
fiorinal, fioricet, midrin
|
|
|
butalbital + asa
|
fiorinal
|
|
|
butalbital + acetaminophen
|
fioricet
|
|
|
SE: angina, palpitations
|
butalbital +barbiturate
|
|
|
dichloralphenazone, acteminophen, isomeheptene
|
Midrin
|
|
|
Muscle relaxants
|
tension headache tx
|
|
|
tension HA Px
|
TCA's, BB
|
|
|
doxepin
|
Sinequan
|
|
|
tight, band like discomfort that is unrelenting with mild to moderate pain triggered by stress and fatigue
|
tension headache
|
|
|
tension HA tx: non-opioid analgesics
|
ASA, ibuprofen, acetaminophen
|
|
|
Tension HA analgesic combos
|
fiorinal, fioricet, midrin
|
|
|
butalbital + asa
|
fiorinal
|
|
|
butalbital + acetaminophen
|
fioricet
|
|
|
SE: angina, palpitations
|
butalbital +barbiturate
|
|
|
dichloralphenazone, acteminophen, isomeheptene
|
Midrin
|
|
|
Muscle relaxants
|
tension headache tx
|
|
|
tension HA Px
|
TCA's, BB
|
|
|
doxepin
|
Sinequan
|
|
|
px tx of tension ha
|
BB/ tca's
decrease stress correct posture |
|
|
cyclic periorbital painx wks -mos. unilateral, accurs spring/fall, same time each day , may wake from sleep, pain is deep boring intense sever, triggered by etoh, smoking
|
cluster HA
|
|
|
-alpha adrenergic blockers--> ergotamine tarnate (Ergomar)
-vasoconstrictors -100% O2 |
cluster HA
|
|
|
ergomar
serotonin antagonist: methysergide (Sansert) corticosteroids: prednisone CCB: verapamil lithane biofeedback |
Px of cluster HA
|
|
|
med that requires F/U and drug holidays
|
sansert
|
|
|
mood stabilizer, manic episode, monitor salt levels
|
lithium
|
|
|
lithiums TR
|
0.5-1.5
|
|
|
d/t vasoconstriction and ischemia of intracranial vessels
|
migraine
|
|
|
periodic, cycles of mos to years. pain- unilater, throbbing, pulsating
|
migraine
|
|
|
s/sx; aura, photophobia, phonophobia, anorexia, N/V, flashing lights, euphoria, fatigue, yawning, craving sweets
|
migraine
|
|
|
triggered by stress, missing meals (decreased BG), tyramine rich foods
|
migraines
|
|
|
tx of migraines
|
avoid factors, quiet ,dark environment, medications
|
|
|
Tx- Sx: non-opiod analgesics:
|
ASA, acetaminophen, ibuprofen
|
|
|
Tx- Sx: serotonin receptor agonists
|
Migraine:
riaztriptan, sumatriptan, solmitriptan, casoconstrictors |
|
|
SE of "triptans"
|
coronary astery casospasm, MI, V-fib, Vt
|
|
|
Contraindicated with triptans
|
ssri, maoi
|
|
|
use of triptans
|
at onset of sx, will make HA worse before better
|
|
|
alpha adrenergic blockers for the tx of migraines
|
ergomar, DHE 45
|
|
|
Corticosteriods in tx of migraine
|
dexamethasone (Decadron)
|
|
|
Px tx of migraines
|
BB/ antidepressants/ antisz/ CCB, biofeedback, relaxation, cognitive behavior therapy
|
|
|
Migraines: BB
|
inderal
|
|
|
Migraines:antidepressants
|
elavil
Tofranil |
|
|
Migraines: antisz
|
Depakote
Topamax |
|
|
SE: of antisz:
|
lowers BG, wt loss, conginitve changes
|
|
|
effective time frame of antisz
|
2-3mos
|
|
|
CCB: migraines
|
verapamil(isoptin)
|
|
|
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
|
lou Gehrig's disease
|
|
|
progressive and degenerative--> brainsteam
|
als
|
|
|
sx- weakness and muscle wasting w/o sensory or cognitive changes
|
ALS
|
|
|
cause of ALS
|
unknown
|
|
|
females vs males(ALS)
|
greater in females
|
|
|
TX for ALS
|
supportive
|
|
|
MS- weakness/ fatigue/ heaviness of legs/ fasciculations/uncoordinated mvmts/ spasticity/ paralysis/ hyperflexia/atrophy/ articulatio difficulties
|
ALS SX OF MU.SK.
|
|
|
EARLY sx of ALS
|
Loss of hands and UE
|
|
|
LATE sx of ALS
|
trunk and legs- loss of function
|
|
|
RESP- Sx-
difficulty clearing the airway/dyspnea/ complications r/t pnuemonia most common cause of death |
Resp of ALS
|
|
|
ALS NUTRITION-
|
diff. chewing/ dysphagia
|
|
|
ALS EMOTION
|
loss of control/ labile mood
|
|
|
ALS COGNITIVE
|
intellect NOT effected/ remains alert and mentally intact
|
|
|
DX of ALS
|
EMG
|
|
|
tx of ALS
|
SUPPORTIVE:
riluzole(Rilutek)- extend life by mos endurance exercises cognitive/emotional support |
|
|
death of ALS pt usu. r/t
|
respiratory compromise w/i 2-6yr of dx
|
|
|
Which stage of renal failure is reversible?
|
Acute
|
|
|
what need to be checked before an IVP is done?
|
allergy to constrast
|
|
|
Drugs used to decrease serum phosphate levels with RF
|
Amphojel or PhosLo-
|
|
|
Why does a patient with RF develop Kussmal's respirations
|
An attempt to blow off acid-
|
|
|
Who cannot have a retrograde pyelogram?
|
Anyone with UTI or GU infection-
|
|
|
What is classified as "fluid" or "liquid diet"
|
Anything that turns to liquid at room temperature-
|
|
|
In which disorder do you find costovertebral tenderness
|
acute pyelonephritis-
|
|
|
The accumulation of nitrogenous waste in the blood
|
Azotemia-
|
|
|
Primary cause of urinary retention in males
|
BPH-
|
|
|
What will be lab indicators that will tell us if the patient is able to tolerate protin in the diet?
|
BUN, creatinine-
|
|
|
Sulfa drug of choice for UTI's
|
Bactrim or Septra-
|
|
|
Major complications of percutaneous renal biopsy (2)
|
bleeding and infection-
|
|
|
What is the best indicator of fluid retnetion and renal status in a patient with RF
|
body weight-
|
|
|
Examples of prerenal azotemia
|
CHF, shock, sepsis, vascular issues-
|
|
|
What is needed when a UA is ordered.
|
Clean catch specimen-
|
|
|
Directt visualization of urethra and bladder through a endoscope is called what?
|
Cystoscope-
|
|
|
Things to avoid (diet) when you have a UTI
|
caffiene, ETOH, Spicy foods, acidic foods-
|
|
|
Most kideny stones are made up of what?
|
Calcium-
|
|
|
Two causes of chronic pyelonephritis
|
chronic obstruction or infection-
|
|
|
Two major causes of RF in an adult
|
DM, HTN-
|
|
|
What will you need to do if you have oxalate stones?
|
Decrease intake of tea, tomatoes, coffee, cola, beer, green beans, chocolate-
|
|
|
Common IV drug that is used to increasee cardiac output and decreases vascular resistance
|
Dopamine-
|
|
|
Clinical manifeastations of a UTI
|
Dysuria, frequency, urgency, nocturia, odor, cloudy, bloody, pain-
|
|
|
What is the first sign of renal failure
|
decreased urinary output-
|
|
|
3 treatments for hyperkalemia
|
dialysis, insulin and dextrose IV, Kayexalate-
|
|
|
In which phase is theremassive volume loss which is diluted
|
diuretic phase-
|
|
|
What are some signs of hyperkalemia
|
dizziness, weakness, tall peaked T waves, cramps, diarrhea, nausea-
|
|
|
Organism responsible for most UTI's
|
E. coli-
|
|
|
When is it OK to give a patient with RF protein in their diet
|
Early in RF-
|
|
|
What is the drug of choice for anemia with RF
|
Epoetin (Epogen)-
|
|
|
What will the potassium be in RF
|
Elevated-
|
|
|
What is lost in renal failure that will cause anemia
|
Erythropoietin-
|
|
|
Who is at highest risk for a UTI?
|
Females-
|
|
|
What indicator may suggest a UTI in a infant
|
frequent wetting or fretting before voiding-
|
|
|
Give examples of nephrotoxic drugs
|
Gentamycin, Vancomycin (mycin drugs)-
|
|
|
Syndrome seen in young male smokers in which antibodies against the kidneys are developed
|
Goodpasture syndrome-
|
|
|
What is uremic fetor?
|
halitosis- blowing off waste-
|
|
|
Term used to describe the dialtion of the GU tract related to an obstruction
|
Hydronephrosis-
|
|
|
Increases blood flow to the kidney-
|
Lasix will increase UOP but also does what
|
|
|
Order of assesing the abdomen
|
Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion, then Palpation-
|
|
|
What is the point of a urine C&S
|
identify microorganisms-
|
|
|
Diet for a ureteral stent should include
|
increased acid-
|
|
|
First treatment method for incontenence
|
Kegel's exercises-
|
|
|
What does "KUB" stand for?
|
Kidneys, urethra, and bladder x-ray-
|
|
|
Causes of postrenal azotemia
|
kidney stones, BPH, strictures, CA-
|
|
|
What does it mean when "casts" are present in the UA
|
kidneys involved-
|
|
|
Common Fluroquinolone used to treat urosepsis
|
Levaquin-
|
|
|
Why does HTN develop with renal failure
|
Loss of Rennin-angiotensin function-
|
|
|
What type of diet does a patient with RF need?
|
Low potassium, low salt and low protein-
|
|
|
Three ways to compensate for acid-base imbalances
|
Lungs, kidneys, buffers-
|
|
|
Procedure in which sound waves are used to break up kidney stones
|
Lithotripsy-
|
|
|
The protein loss with nephrotic syndrome results in what body manifestation?
|
massive edema-
|
|
|
Type of diet needed for nephrotic syndrome
|
Na restriction, increased protein-
|
|
|
Involuntary loss of urine due to distention of the bladder
|
Overflow-
|
|
|
Classic finding of acute renal failure
|
Oliguria-
|
|
|
During this phase of acute renal failure, there is azotemia and it is reversible
|
Oliguric-
|
|
|
Kussmal respirations, volume overload, hyperkalermia are found in this phase of acute renal failure
|
Oliguric-
|
|
|
3 phases of acute renal failure
|
oliguric, diuretic, recovery-
|
|
|
Electeolytes of concern with renal failure
|
Potassium and phosphate-
|
|
|
What needs to be monitored with Lasix therapy
|
potassium levels-
|
|
|
What is the major complication with nephrotic syndrome
|
protien loss in the urine-
|
|
|
The term that means pus in the urine
|
Pyuria-
|
|
|
How oftern should a patient void when doing bladder training
|
Q 2-3 hours-
|
|
|
Period during acute renal failure when renal function solwly returns to normal (1-2 years)
|
recovery phase-
|
|
|
Most severe complication of a urinary obstruction
|
renal failure-
|
|
|
Common cause of urethritis
|
STDs-
|
|
|
The weight should be taken how?
|
Same scale, same time every day-
|
|
|
IF a ureteral stent is brought to the surface, you should...
|
Secure it-
|
|
|
Bacteria responsible for some type of glomerulonephritis
|
Strep-
|
|
|
Incontenence due to increased pressure, sneezing, pregnancy
|
Stress-
|
|
|
Which type of stone is bacterial?
|
Sturvite-
|
|
|
Drug class of choice for UTI's
|
Sulfonamides-
|
|
|
Cardinal symptoms of kidny stones
|
severe flank pain and hematuria-
|
|
|
Where will you notice uremic frost
|
Skin-
|
|
|
What sould the patient with kidney stones do with the urine
|
strain all urine-
|
|
|
Most important patient teaching with antibiotic therapy
|
take medication until gone-
|
|
|
Hyperkalemia patients need what kind of monitoring
|
telemetry / cardiac-
|
|
|
Why do we limit the protein with later stages of RF
|
to prevent azotemia-
|
|
|
Why does a ureteral stant coil in the kidneyt and bladder
|
to prevent migtation-
|
|
|
Examples of causes of intra renal azotemia
|
toxins, glomerulonephritis, trauma, transplant rejection-
|
|
|
What does a 24 hour urine creatinine clearance tell us?
|
true function of the kidney-
|
|
|
Anuria means what?
|
UO < 100 ml/ 24 hours-
|
|
|
Olguiria is defined as:
|
UO<400 ml/ day-
|
|
|
Procedure to measure peak flow rate of urine in mL/second.
|
Uroflometer-
|
|
|
Incontenence with little warning
|
Urge-
|
|
|
post-void residual >100 ml = what
|
urinary retention-
|
|
|
What is the rule for fluid intake with RF
|
urine output + 600ml-
|
|
|
The offical term for kidney stones
|
Urolithiasis-
|
|
|
What is uremic frost
|
waste seeping through skin-
|
|
|
Normal creatinine range
|
0.6-1.2-
|
|
|
The dialysis patient should not gain more than how many kgs between dialysis.
|
1-3 kg-
|
|
|
How do we monitor creatinine clearance?
|
24 hour urine-
|
|
|
length of time for a urine C&S to result
|
24-72 hours-
|
|
|
What is the minimum acceptable hourly urine output
|
30 ml-
|
|
|
Normal BUN range
|
8-23-
|
|
|
Contraindications for peritoneal dialysis
|
abd surgery, adhesions, scarring, lung disease, peritonitis-
|
|
|
BPH is correlated to what two factors
|
age and androgens-
|
|
|
What type of technique should you use with peritoneal dialysis
|
Aseptic-
|
|
|
What is a TURP used for
|
BPH-
|
|
|
Definitive diagnosis for bladder CA
|
biopsy and/or bladder washings-
|
|
|
Common complications with grafts
|
bleeding, infection-
|
|
|
Dialysalate should be at what temperature
|
body temperature-
|
|
|
Term used for the implantable seeds used to treat prostate CA
|
Brachytherapy-
|
|
|
If a patient is allergic to PCN, you must also be cautious with what drug class
|
Cephlasporins-
|
|
|
If drainage after PD is cloudy, dark, what do you do?
|
Collect specimen for culture-
|
|
|
What is the nice thing about a cotinent ileal conduit
|
can cath PRN, no bag-
|
|
|
Complications of a TURP include
|
clots, bladder spasms, infection, ED, retrograde ejaculation-
|
|
|
Long term, the child who had a Wilm's tumor must avoid what
|
contact sports-
|
|
|
Signs and symptoms of BPH
|
decrease in stream, dribbling, incomplete bladder emptying, dysuria, pain-
|
|
|
Triad of renal CA- 3 classic signs and symptoms
|
heamturia, flank pain, palpable mass-
|
|
|
# contraindicatios for hemodialysis
|
hemodynamic instability, increased clotting, lack of access to circulation-
|
|
|
Bright red blood is an indicator of what post TURP
|
Hemorrhage-
|
|
|
Post dialysis- patient has muscle cramps. What happened
|
Hypokalemia-
|
|
|
Common problems after dialysis
|
hypotension and hypovolemia-
|
|
|
Cause of prostatitis
|
Infection-
|
|
|
Three steps of peritoneal dialysis
|
inflow, dwell, drain-
|
|
|
Where is chemo put in a patient with bladder CA
|
intravesical (in the bladder)-
|
|
|
Signas and symptoms of a Wilm's tumor
|
mass in abdomen, hematuria, anemia, HTN-
|
|
|
What will be present in the urine when a patient has an ileal conduit
|
mucous threads-
|
|
|
What must you warn the patient taking pyridium
|
No contacts, discolors body fluids-
|
|
|
What should you avoid with the extremity that has a permanent dialysis graft
|
needle sticks, BP, constrictive clothing to that extremity-
|
|
|
If there is not thrill or bruit with an AV graft what does this mean
|
no circulation-
|
|
|
What is the treatment when the patient with polycystic kidney disease is a asymptomatic
|
None-
|
|
|
What else can you use a temporary dialysis catheter for other than dialysis?
|
only emergencies-
|
|
|
What drug is used to decrease spasms and pain with a UTI
|
Pyridium, Urogesic, AZO-
|
|
|
Early sign of most GU cancer
|
painless hematuria-
|
|
|
What should you never do with a Wilms tumor
|
Palpate-
|
|
|
Uremia can also cause what disorders
|
pericarditis, GI bleeding, encephalopathy-
|
|
|
Major complication with peritoneal dialysis
|
Peritonitis-
|
|
|
Drainage after peritoneal dialysis should be what?
|
pink tinged initially-
|
|
|
When kidneys are replaced by fluid filled masses
|
polycystic kidney disease-
|
|
|
how often do you assess thrill and bruit with an AV graft
|
Q 8 hours (at least)-
|
|
|
Treatment of choice for renal CA without mets
|
radical nephrectomy-
|
|
|
What does a PSA detect
|
risk for prostate cancer-
|
|
|
If the patient c/o pain during the inflow phase what can you do?
|
Slow the rate-
|
|
|
What type of solution shuld be used with bladder irrigations
|
Sterile-
|
|
|
What does a DRE detect
|
size and shape of the prostate-
|
|
|
Risk factors for bladder CA
|
smoking, artificial sweeteners-
|
|
|
Where does ureteral CA come from
|
somewhere else, not the ureter-
|
|
|
Locations of the temporary dialysis cath
|
subclavian, internal jugular, femoral-
|
|
|
Why do patients post-TURP have a 3 way foley
|
To irrigate and prevent obstruction by clots-
|
|
|
A permanent dialysis access must have what
|
thrill and bruit-
|
|
|
What is nice about the quinolone class (Levaquin)
|
treates gram negative and positive infections-
|
|
|
What is the ptoblem with polycystic kidney disease
|
unable to concentrate urine, HTN, CHF, death if not treated due to RF-
|
|
|
Post procedure dialysis you need to assess
|
VS and weight-
|
|
|
What should you obtain before patient goes to dilaysis
|
VS, weight-
|
|
|
After removal of a Foley, the client should do what
|
Void within 6 hours-
|
|
|
Other names for a temporary dialysis cath
|
vas cath, Quniton cath, perm cath-
|
|
|
Pre-peritoneal dialysis, you need to assess
|
weight and VS-
|
|
|
How long after an AV graft is inserted do you have to wait to used the graft
|
6 weeks or longer-
|
|
|
At what BUN value is dialysis indicated
|
90 mg/dl-
|
|
|
At what creatinine value is dialysis indicated
|
9mg/dl-
|
