Neuro 1: Emb. Of Head And Neck

Front 1

What are the 4 parts of the Pharyngeal Apparatus?

Back 1

Arches, Clefts, Pouches and Membranes

Front 2

surrounds the developing pharynx and is the source of mesenchymal tissue that will form the head & neck, face, palate & nasal cavity structures.

Back 2

Pharyngeal Apparatus

Front 3

The pharynx forms _____ to the brain.

Back 3

Ventral

Front 4

Of the pharyngeal apparatus, what completely regresses in the human?

Back 4

Arch and Pouch #5

Front 5

Surface ectoderm-lined invaginations

Back 5

Clefts

Front 6

How many clefts?

Back 6

1-4

Front 7

How many arches?

Back 7

1-4,6

Front 8

Form between the pharyngeal arches.

Back 8

Clefts

Front 9

Arches are bars of what?

Back 9

Mesenchyme

Front 10

How many pouches?

Back 10

1-4

Front 11

Endoderm-lined pouches along the lateral walls of the pharyngeal gut.

Back 11

Pouches

Front 12

Opposite of clefts

Back 12

Pouches (INSIDE) of embryo

Front 13

Separate the ‘pouches’ from the ‘clefts’

Back 13

Membranes

Front 14

Do clefts and pouches communicate in humans?

Back 14

No

Front 15

What makes up the facial prominences?

Back 15

One frontonasal prominence, 2 maxillary, 2 mandibular

Front 16

What facial prominence is a proliferation of mesenchyme ventral to brain vesicles?

Back 16

Frontonasal Prominence

Front 17

The maxillary prominences are extensions of which arch?

Back 17

1st

Front 18

The mandibular prominences are mesenchyme from which arch?

Back 18

1st

Front 19

When do the two mandibular prominences merge ventrallyto form the lower lip and jaw plus the inferior part of face?

Back 19

Week 4

Front 20

What type of mesoderm forms the initial shape of the pharyngeal arches?

Back 20

Lateral Plate

Front 21

Where does mesoderm migrate from into the pharyngeal arches?

Back 21

Somitomeres and Somites

Front 22

Eye muscle precursors from?

Back 22

Somitomeres

Front 23

Tongue precursors from?

Back 23

Occipital Somites

Front 24

What forms most of the skeletal muscle in the head plus parts of the skull?

Back 24

Mesoderm

Front 25

What two things migrate into the pharangeal arches?

Back 25

Neural crest cells and mesoderm

Front 26

What form skeletal elements of the head & parts of the PNS?

Back 26

Neural crest cells

Front 27

Neural crest cells are what in origin?

Back 27

Neuroectodermal

Front 28

How are the cranial nerves formed?

Back 28

Neurons from the brain and central ganglia grow into the arches

Front 29

What arch is the trigeminal nerve derived from?

Back 29

1st

Front 30

What arch is the facial nerve derived from?

Back 30

2nd

Front 31

What arch is the glossopharyngeal nerve derived from?

Back 31

3rd

Front 32

What arch is the vagus nerve derived from?

Back 32

4th and 6th

Front 33

Motor innervation to those muscles originating in the pharyngeal arches is classified as what?

Back 33

Special VE

Front 34

What is mandibular cartilage?

Back 34

Meckel's cartilage

Front 35

What does Meckel's cartilage form?

Back 35

Incus, malleus and mandible (but cartilage dissapears)

Front 36

What type of ossification do the incus and malleus undergo?

Back 36

Endochondral

Front 37

What type of ossification does the mandible undergo?

Back 37

Intramembranous

Front 38

What innervates the muscles of mastication and what is it a derivative of?

Back 38

Trigeminal (5), 1st Arch

Front 39

What is First Arch Syndrome (Treacher Collins)?

Back 39

Deficiency of neural crest cells migrating into the arch.

Front 40

Mandibulofacial dysostosis

Back 40

Treacher Collins Syndrome (1st Arch)

Front 41

What is First Arch Syndrome (Pierre Robin Syndrome)?

Back 41

Deficiency of neural crest cells migrating into the arch.

Front 42

Micrognathia + large, posteriorly placed tongue > airway obstruction; may be ear and palate problems as well.

Back 42

Pierre Robin Syndrome

Front 43

Reichert’s cartilage

Back 43

2nd arch

Front 44

What forms the stapes and styloid process? (inner ear)

Back 44

2nd arch; Reicherts cartilage

Front 45

What forms the thyroid and circoid process?

Back 45

4th and 6th

Front 46

What innervates Muscles of the soft palate (except tensor veli palatini)
Muscles of the pharynx (except stylopharyngeus)?

Back 46

Superior laryngeal branch Vagus (4th and 6th)

Front 47

What innervates the Intrinsic muscles of larynx (except cricothyroid)
Striated (upper) muscle of esophagus?

Back 47

Recurrent laryngeal branch of Vagus

Front 48

What pouch forms the tubotympanic recess? (Auditory tube, tympanic cavity)

Back 48

1st

Front 49

What pouch forms the palantine tonisls?

Back 49

2nd

Front 50

What pouch forms the Thymus?

Back 50

Ventral 3rd pouch

Front 51

What pouch forms the inferior parathyroid glands?

Back 51

3rd pouch (dorsal)

Front 52

What pouch forms the superior parathyroid glands?

Back 52

Dorsal 4th pouch

Front 53

What pouch forms the ultimobranchial bodies (parofollicular or C cells of thyroid)?

Back 53

Ventral 4th pouch

Front 54

What pouch derivative travels the farthest?

Back 54

Inferior parathyroids (Dorsal 3rd)

Front 55

No thymus or parathyroids plus…
Failure of neural crest migration into arches --> 3rd & 4th pouch failure & hypoplasia of 1st arch.

Back 55

DiGeroge Syndrome

Front 56

What should happen to the clefts in normal circumstances?

Back 56

1st cleft develops into external auditory meatus while 2,3,4 overgrown by the 2nd arch producing cervical sinus which normally disappears

Front 57

What cleft produces the external auditory meatus?

Back 57

1st cleft

Front 58

What would be the consequence of incomplete overgrowth of the 2,3,4 clefts by 2nd arch?

Back 58

Lateral cervical or Branchial cyst

Front 59

What is the only membrane that persists in adults and what does it persist as?

Back 59

1st membrane as tympanic membrane

Front 60

What type of envagination is the thyroid?

Back 60

endoderm

Front 61

Between what arches is the thyroid formed?

Back 61

1st and 2nd

Front 62

What is the first endocrine gland to appear, around 4th week?

Back 62

Thyroid

Front 63

What is the site of origin of the thyroid?

Back 63

Foramen cecum of tongue

Front 64

When the thyroid fails to descend

Back 64

Lingual thyroid

Front 65

What arches does the tongue involve?

Back 65

1-4

Front 66

Oral portion of the tongue is derived form where?

Back 66

1st arch

Front 67

Where is the posterior or pharyngeal part of the tongue formed?

Back 67

3rd arch

Front 68

Most of the tongue muscles are derived from what that migrate from the occipital myotomes with the hypoglossal nerve.?

Back 68

myoblasts

Front 69

What is the site of origin of the throoid?

Back 69

Foramen cecum in the tongue

Front 70

What connects thyroid to tongue during development?

Back 70

Thyroglossal duct

Front 71

What is the first endocrine gland to appear at 24 days?

Back 71

Thyroid

Front 72

Where do the tongue muscle originate?

Back 72

myotomes of occipital somites NOT mesenchyme of the arches

Front 73

The upward evagination from the roof of the pharynx forms what part of the pituitary?

Back 73

Glandular portion

Front 74

The downward evagination toward the pharynx forms what portion of the pituitary?

Back 74

Neural region