Neural Tissue

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The nervous system has two principal divisions called central nervous system and

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peripheral nervous system

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THE central nervous system consists of the brain and

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THE SPINAL CORD

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The peripheral nervous system has sensory receptors located in

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SENSE ORGANS

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There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of

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cranial nerves

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Nerve impulses from the CNS are tranmitted to glands and

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muscles

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The 2 divisions of the PNS are the somatic division and THE

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AUTONOMIC DIVISION

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SENSORY NERVES ARE ALSO KNOWN AS

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AFFERENT

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MOTOR NERVES ARE KNOWN AS

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EFFERENT

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ANOTHER NAME FOR A NERVE CELL IS A

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NEURON

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SUPPORTING CELLS FOR THE NERVOUS SYSTEM ARE CALLED

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GLIAL CELLS

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IN THE CNS, GLIAL CELLS WRAPPING EXTENSIONS OF THEIR PLASMA MEMBRANES AROUND NEURONS ARE FORMING MYELIN SHEATHS ARE CALLED

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OLIGODENDROCYTES

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STAR SHAPED GLIAL CELLS WITH CYTOPLASM EXTENDED INTO ELONGATED PROCESSES TO FORM THE BLOOD- BRAIN BARRIER ARE CALLED

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ASTROCYTES

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GLIAL CELLS THAT PHAGOCYTIZE INVADING MICRORGANISMS ARE CALLED

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MICROGLIA

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IN THE PNS, THE GLIAL CELLS THAT WRAP THEMSELVES AROUND NEURONS ARE THE

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SCHWANN CELLS

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IN THE PNS SCHWANN CELLS FORM THE

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MYELIN SHEATH

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THE STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IS THE

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NEURON

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NEURONS WITH MANY DENDRITES AND A SINGLE LONG AXON ARE KNOWN AS

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MULTIPOLAR NEURONS

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NEURONS WITH ONLY ONE DENDRITE AND ONE AXON ARE KNOWN AS

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BIPOLAR NEURONS

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HAVE ONE CONTINUOUS DENDRITIC AND AXONAL PROCESS ..SINGLE PROCESS DIVIDES INTO 2 BRANCHES..(MOST SENSORY NEURONS

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PSEUDOUNIPOLAR

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NEURONS TRANSMITTING INFORMATION FROM RECEPTORS TO THE CNS ARE CALLED AFFERENT OR

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SENSORY NEURONS

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MOTOR NEURONS RELAY IMPULSES FROM THE CNS TO THE GLANDS OR THE

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MUSCLES

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MOTOR NEURONS ARE ALSO KNOWN AS

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EFFERENT NEURONS

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THE NUCLEUS AND MOST ORGANELLES ARE CONTAINED IN THAT PART OF THE NEURON CALLED THE

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CELL BODY

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PROTEINS ARE SYTHESIZED AT THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM OF THE CELL BODY KNOWN AS THE

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NISSL BODY

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IMPULSES ARE CONDUCTED AWAY FROM THE CELL BODY BY A LONG EXTENSION CALLED AN

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AXON

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A NERVE FIBER IS COMPOSED OF BUNDLES OF

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AXONS / OR DENDRITES

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AT THE ENDS OF AXONS ARE LOCATED THOUSANDS OF MICROSCOPIC BRANCHES CALLED

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AXON TERMINALS

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THE COVERING THAT PROVIDES INSULATION TO THE AXONS IS THE

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MYELIN SHEATH

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BETWEEN SUCCESSIVE SCHWANN CELLS OR OLIGODENDRITE EXTENSIONS ARE GAPS CALLED

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NODES OF RANVIER

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THE JUNCTION WHERE TWO NEURONS COME TOGETHER IS

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THE SYNAPSE

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THE SPACE WITHIN THE SYNAPSE WHERE NEUROTRANSMITTERS ARE RELEASED IS THE

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SYNAPTIC CLEFT

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THE NEUROTRANSMITTER STIMULATING MUSCLES AT THE NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION IS

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ACETYLCHOLINE

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PLASMA MEMBRANE OF SCHWANN CELLS OR OLIGRODENDROCYTES REPEATEDLY WRAPS AROUND A SEGMENT OF AN AXON TO FORM MYELIN SHEATH THIS IS CALLED?

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MYLINATED AXONS

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THESE FORM MYELIN SHEATH AND ARE AROUND AXONS IF THE CNS

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OLIGODENDROCYTES

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SCHWANN CELLS FORM MYELIN SHEATH AROUND AXONS WITHIN THE PNS AND SATELLITE CELLS

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GLIAL CELLS (PNS)

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LINE BRAIN AND VENTRICLES AND SPINAL CORD/ CENTRAL CANAL

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EPENDYMAL CELLS

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PREPARES BODY FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY "FIGHT OR FLIGHT"

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SYMPATHETIC

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REGULATES RESTING OR VEGETATIVE FINCTIONS, SUCH AS DIGESTING FOOD OR EMPTYING BLADDER

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PARASYMPATHETIC

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TRANSMITS ACTION POTENTIALS FROM THE SENSORY RECEPTORS TO CNS

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SENSORY (AFFERENT)

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TRANSMITS ACTION POTENTIALS (AWAY) FROM THE CNS IN CRANIAL OR SPINAL NERVES TO EFFECTORS ( MUSCLES, GLANDS)

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MOTOR (EFFERENT

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CONTAINS THE NUCLEUS AND NUCLEOLUS --NISSL SUBSTANCE

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CELL BODY AKA SOMA

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NEUROGLIA

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SUPPORTING CELLS ...THAT SURROUND AND SUPPORT NEURONS

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GLIAL CELLS OF THE CNS

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ASTROCYTES
MICROGLIAL
EPENDYMAL CELLS
OLIGODENDROCYTES

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GLIAL CELLS OF THE PNS

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SATELLITE CELLS AND SCHWANN CELLS

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CONSISTS OF MYELINATED AXONS FORMS NERVE TRACTS IN THE SPINAL CORD

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WHITE MATTER

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CONSISTS OF UNMYLINATED AXONS FORMS CORTEX AND NUCLEI FORMS GANGLIA IN THE PNS

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GRAY MATTER

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THE ABILITY OF A CELL MEMBRANE TO CONDUCT ELETRICAL IMPULSES --ACTION POTENTIAL STIMULATES CELL MEMBRANES OF NEURONS AND MUSCLE FIBERS AND GLANDS

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EXCITABILITY